RU2532232C1 - System of localised control of combustible gas leaks by primary parameters of measuring devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: system of localised control of combustible gas leaks by primary parameters of measuring devices includes stationary sensors-gas analysers of combustible gases, an automatic control system, comprising a unit of sound and light alarm, a unit of control of sensors-gas analysers. The system additionally includes a unit of automatic switching of gas supply from the main process line into a reserve one and back, air-conducting boxes with a common swirler, where air is injected with required parameters from an air blowing plant, making it possible to move a gas leak in a certain direction to serially arranged sensors-gas analysers, which will make it possible with a sufficient extent of accuracy to determine local arrangement of the available leak in the shortest possible time from the moment of its formation.

EFFECT: increased safety, timely, efficient and effective detection of a local leak point, reduced risk of gas concentration formation in the air.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of the gas industry, and more specifically to facilities using booster compressor stations, fuel and starting gas treatment plants, gas distribution devices and other objects containing gas equipment, and is intended to improve the efficiency of tracking gas leaks by primary parameters of gas pollution control devices .

In accordance with the requirements of normative and technical documentation on industrial safety, premises containing gas equipment should be equipped with safety and protection equipment [1].

To control gas pollution by the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) and the lower concentration limit of flame propagation in production facilities, automatic gas analysis tools with signaling of the maximum permissible values are provided [2].

According to the requirements of [3], MPC sensors for harmful substances should be installed in industrial premises, block-complete installations, where there are sources of possible leaks of combustible gases. At the same time, the rules regulate the installation of sensors at a distance of at least 1 m from possible sources of leakage of harmful substances and at least 1 sensor per 200 m2 ^of area. These recommendations do not allow you to quickly detect and eliminate the place of occurrence of a leak of harmful gas, especially in places of piping, which contains a significant number of fittings, cranes, regulators, measuring instruments, etc.

A known method and device for monitoring the emergency gas contamination of space is that they control the presence of explosive gas by installing stationary devices that fix an unacceptable gas concentration by volume with fixing the appearance of the lower limit of the explosive gas mixture at several control points, for which a forced ignition of the atmosphere in an explosion-proof combustion chamber [4, 5]. This method does not allow to obtain information about the location of the resulting leak, but gives only general information about the presence of the leak and its concentration in a specific closed volume.

A known method of advanced monitoring of emergency gas contamination of space with adjustable settings [6]. The method consists in the fact that the presence of explosive gas is controlled by installing stationary devices that fix an unacceptable concentration of gas by volume. The appearance of the lower explosive limit of the gas mixture is recorded at several control points, for which a forced ignition of the atmosphere in an explosion-proof combustion chamber is performed at each point. A difference is created in the temperature of the methane-air mixture in the explosion-proof combustion chamber and in the gassed space where the chamber is located, thereby lowering the response setting of the advanced monitoring of the lower explosive concentration limit depending on the temperature of the methane-air mixture in the combustion chamber.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a system of localized gas contamination control in a closed room by stationary sensors-gas analyzers (DG), containing a block of sound and light alarms, a control unit of the DG [7]. The disadvantage of this system is the significant inertia of recording the fact of gas contamination of the controlled space and the inability to determine the exact location of the gas leak. In this regard, the efficiency of this system decreases and the time to detect the place of occurrence of the leak increases.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the safety of operation of stationary compressor installations, gas pipelines and other gas equipment at hazardous production facilities, timely, effective and efficient detection of a local leak and its subsequent elimination. In particular, the risk of the formation of a dangerous concentration of gas in the air is reduced, industrial safety is ensured, accidents and industrial injuries are prevented.

This goal is achieved in that the system of localized monitoring of leaks of combustible gas according to the primary parameters of the measuring devices, including stationary sensors, gas analyzers of combustible gases, an automatic control system containing a block of sound and light alarms, a control unit for sensors and gas analyzers, characterized in that the system additionally a unit for automatically switching the gas supply from the main production line to the reserve one and vice versa, air ducts with a common vortex were introduced elem, in which air injection is performed with the required parameters from the blowing installation, allowing the leakage of gas to move in a certain direction to sequentially arranged sensors, analyzers, allowing with sufficient precision to determine the location of the local leakage resulting in the shortest possible time from the moment of its formation.

New in the system of localized monitoring of leaks of combustible gas by the primary parameters of measuring devices is the accurate detection of the leak through the use of air ducts and individual DGs for each potential source of gas contamination. This approach to identifying the location of an emerging gas leak has not yet been used to quickly determine the location of the leak and to eliminate it.

Gas facilities should be automated as much as possible in order to increase their reliability and equip with an alarm about violation of the technological regime. Monitoring gas leaks by the primary parameters of the measuring devices will allow the automatic control system (ACS) to timely detect a leak, turn on the algorithm by which it can be eliminated.

Existing gas control systems at gas facilities do not provide timely detection of gas contamination and accurate determination of the occurrence of gas leaks due to the lack of location control and the ability to automatically eliminate this leak. As a result, at facilities operating gas equipment, the necessary level of safety of gas use is not provided.

Figure 1 shows a general technological view of a system for localized monitoring of gas leaks by primary parameters of measuring devices for a specific piping unit when the gas flows through the main production line (TL) No. 1, and figure 2 shows the same when the gas flows through the backup TL No. 2 after testing this control system.

The studied piping assembly is represented by a gas inlet pipe 1, the main TL No. 1, containing shut-off valves 2, 3, controlled flange connections (FS) 4, 5, filter 6; backup TL No. 2, containing shut-off valves 7, 8, controlled by FS 9, 10, filter 11; shut-off valves 12, 13, necessary for switching between the primary and backup TL; gas outlet pipe 14.

The localized gas leakage control system (Fig. 1) comprises an air supply duct 15, 16 with a swirler 17, through which the supply of working air to the air ducts 18, 19, supplying air to the FS 4, 9, and air ducts 20, 21, supplying air to FS 5, 10, exhaust duct 22, DG 23, 24, 25, 26. In TL No. 1, air enters FS 4 through air duct 18 and, when a leak occurs on this FS, it is mixed with gas leak, after which the air-gas mixture is sent to the duct air exhaust 22 through DG 23, fixing the concentration of gas in the gas-air mixture.

The system of localized control of leaks of combustible gas is as follows (figure 1 and figure 2). For convenience and clarity of presentation of the principle of operation of the proposed system, a simple case is considered when two controlled FSs are used on one TL.

When commissioning the studied piping assembly, the localized leakage control system starts working offline. In normal operation, the main TL No. 1 is in operation (cranes 2, 3 are open; 7, 8, 12, 13 are closed). In the absence of leaks in TL No. 1 DG 23, 25, clean air is passed through the air ducts 20, 18. In the event of a leak, for example on FS 4, DG 23 detects the presence of gas in the air and sends an information signal to the crane harness control unit of the pipeline unit in question. In this case, a control signal is supplied to close the taps 2, 3 and open the taps 7, 8, 12, 13. The gas flow begins to pass through the backup TL No. 2 (figure 2). The self-propelled gun system displays on the dashboard an increased gas concentration for DG 23, which allows you to quickly eliminate this leak on FS 4 and restore the operability of the main TL No. 1. If there is a leak in the backup TL No. 2, the algorithm for its detection will be similar. Thus, in case of violation of safe operation in connection with the occurrence of a gas leak, an optimal time management of the work to bring this equipment into normal operation is ensured.

The proposed system of localized leak monitoring allows you to quickly and accurately determine the place of occurrence of the leak, to carry out the necessary automated technological operations to turn off the depressurized section of the production line, to inform service personnel through self-propelled guns about the presence of a leak by giving warning light and sound signals when the MPC is in the gas-air mixture, at the exact place its occurrence, which will effectively organize the restoration of orudovaniya.

It is necessary to use stationary gas analyzers (thermochemical, thermoconductometric, magnetic, optical, optical-acoustic, etc.) as DGs [7].

This system can be effectively applied at any gas industry facilities, including remote ones organized using unmanned technologies.

LITERATURE

1. Rules for the design and safe operation of stationary compressor units, air and gas pipelines. PB 03-581-03. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House DEAN, 2010. - 32 p.

2. Rules for the design and safe operation of compressor units with reciprocating compressors operating in explosive and hazardous environments. PB 03-582-03. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House DEAN, 2004. - 32 p.

3. RD BT 39-0147171-003-88. Requirements for the installation of sensors of stationary gas detectors in industrial premises and on outdoor sites of oil and gas industry enterprises.

4. Application for invention No. 2003103111/28.

5. Application for invention No. 96103462/28.

6. Application for invention No. 2006136929/28.

7. Preobrazhensky, V.P. Thermotechnical measurements and instruments: Textbook for universities in the specialty "Automation of heat and power processes." - 3rd ed., Revised. - M .: "Energy". 1978.- 704 p., Ill.

Claims (1)

The system of localized monitoring of combustible gas leaks according to the primary parameters of the measuring devices, including stationary sensors-gas analyzers of combustible gases, an automatic control system containing a sound and light alarm unit, a control unit for sensors and gas analyzers, characterized in that the automatic gas switching unit is additionally introduced into the system from the main production line to the backup one and vice versa, air ducts with a common swirler into which injection is carried out air with the required parameters from the blower unit, which allows moving the gas leak in a certain direction to the sequentially located gas analyzer sensors, which will allow with a sufficient degree of accuracy to determine the local location of the resulting leak in the shortest possible time from the moment of its formation.

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