RU2531327C2 - Method of increasing nutritiousness of pasture forage of dry steppe zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. A method includes enrichment of cattle ration with microelements as copper, zinc, manganese, boron, nitrogen and carbohydrate to exclude deficit in ration directly in pasture forage not yet cut down. Extra-root processing of green mass in a pasture yard is carried out in May-June three days before pasturing animals with a solution of a tank mixture of components: CuSO₄ - 0.02%, MnSO₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO₄ - 0.02%, HBO₂ - 0.03% and (NH₂)₂CO - 10%. In July-October, when pasture "burns out", extra-root processing of dry pasture mass is carried out with a solution of a mixture of components CuSO₄ - 0.02%, MnSO₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO₄ - 0.02%, HBO₂ - 0.03%, (NH₂)₂CO - 10% and beet molasses - 10% with the norm of introduction in both options - 300 l/ha.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to improve plants nutrition and increase their forage value.

2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for processing pastures.

According to the 2006 All-Russian Agricultural Census, of the total farmland fund of 220,633 thousand ha, the arid steppe zones of the South-East, which include the Orenburg, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan and partly Samara and Rostov regions, account for 37,598 thousand ha. natural pasture is 23.2%.

During the pasture period, which lasts from 6 to 9 months depending on the geographical location of the zone, farms receive about 60-70% of production from cattle breeding and only 30-40% fall on the stall period [2].

Occupying a vast territory, the arid regions of the Southeast are very different in natural conditions. The sharp continentality of the climate with hot summers, cold winters, uneven rainfall and a shallow snow cover remains common.

In accordance with this, not only the length of the pasture period sharply changes, but also the nutritional value of pasture feed over the periods of the pasture season. So, the forage dignity of the grass stand in July becomes already rude and malnutrition. If in the first half of May, animals of cattle at the age of 12-18 months at grazing ate 30-35 kg of grass per day, which corresponded to 8.8 kg of feed. units, then in the second half of May and the first half of June 20-25 and 15-17 kg or 6.8 and 4.6 feed. units, while to obtain according to the norms of the average daily gain of 1000-1200 g, 8.8 kg of feed is required. units [2].

Therefore, the analysis of studies to improve the nutritional value of pasture fodder in the South-East of the Russian Federation becomes extremely important and relevant.

Due to the high temperature in July and August in the Southeast, with a small amount of precipitation, the growth of fodder plants of natural pastures stops, even the feed of the green conveyor cannot completely make up for the lack of succulent feed. Therefore, the second half of the grazing season in the Southeast is the most stressful period in terms of providing livestock with grazing feed. One of the solutions is known and the experiments [2] show that melons, in particular pumpkin, fodder watermelon and zucchini, can serve as succulent forages for these periods of the grazing season; they give a fairly high yield of fruits even in dry years. So, on average, according to long-term data, in the region of ordinary chernozem, the yield of fodder watermelon was 201 c / ha, or 17.3 c of dry matter, the yield of pumpkin fruit was 145 c / ha, or 18.6 c of dry matter. The eatability of fruits taken in an unripe state is much better. Observations show that it is quite enough to feed 25-35 kg of fruit per day on the head of cattle. The average daily gain of calves for the period of their feeding of melons amounted to 1000 g, heifers - 850 g [2].

When feeding livestock in October, chopped ripe fruits of a fodder watermelon or pumpkin are used. For the convenience of feeding fruits, gourds are sown in narrow stripes among natural pastures. Sowing them should be done according to the reservoir or the turnover of the reservoir.

However, this method is quite laborious and technologically difficult to implement.

To improve the nutrition of plants and increase their feed value, foliar dressing with a mixture of trace elements is used.

The data in Table 1 illustrate the generalized dosage experience when applying foliar micronutrient mixtures in crop production based on the recommendations of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on microelements in biology, the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Ukrainian SSR, the Microelement Research Commission of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk and other agricultural institutes, as well as on the basis of the work of domestic scientists [3, 4], taking into account the results of experimental work in the Orenburg region [5, 6, 7].

Recent experiments show that in order to increase corn yield in grain and silage, it is advisable to use foliar dressing with a trace element solution CuSO ₄ - 0.02%, MnSO ₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO ₄ - 0.02%, Humate + 7 - 0.5 g / l with a flow rate of 500 l / ha, which increased the yield by 36.6 and 11.5%, respectively [8].

The use of liquid fertilizer-stimulating composition ZhUSS-2 for foliar feeding of alfalfa at a dose of 4 l / ha increases the fodder mass by 0.58-1.64 t / ha [9].

Our proposed method for increasing the nutritional value of standing pasture feed in the south-east of the Russian Federation by foliar treatment of green pasture in a pasture pen in May-June three days before grazing animals with a solution of a tank mixture of components CuSO ₄ - 0.02%, MnSO ₄ - 0.05% , ZnSO ₄ - 0.02%, HBO ₂ - 0.03% and (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO - 10%, and in July-October, when the pasture “burns out”, foliar treatment of the dry pasture mass is carried out with a solution of a mixture of components of CuSO ₄ - 0.02 %, MnSO ₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO ₄ - 0.02%, HBO ₂ - 0.03%, (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO - 10% and feed molasses - 10% with a spread rate of 300 l / g in both versions a (II option) (table 2).

This is a kind of premix-free recipe for pasture feed in the root for cattle.

The advantage of the proposed method of foliar application of a mixture of trace elements, nitrogen and carbohydrate top dressing in pasture feed is that technological mixing lines with a filler and directly with the feed are excluded, while achieving an ideal distribution of the volume of the tank mixture solution in the feed mass.

When foliar processing of pasture feed, all brands of ground-based sprayers can be used.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed method: 2-3 days before grazing animals, the planned pasture paddock is processed in the evening with an aqueous solution of nitrogen and scarce trace elements (Tables 1, 2), which are necessary for animal livelihoods and which do not negatively affect the life of green plants ( option I).

In the late evening, when the plastic substances obtained in the process of photosynthesis begin to move from the leaves to the stems and roots, it is at this point in the life of the green plants that the solution applied to the leaf surface will be absorbed by the plant.

In a plant, trace elements partially change their chemical structure and become a microadditive that improves the nutritional value of pasture feed. The remaining part feeds the roots and tillering unit of pasture grasses, which contributes to an increase in the life expectancy of plants and further productivity of pasture feed.

In July-October, dry pasture grass does not absorb the treated solution (option II), but simply absorbs it (Tables 1, 2). When eating grass, animals receive food that is different from green, but enriched with urea nitrogen, molasses carbohydrates and trace elements in its purest form.

Considering the presence of large areas of natural land in the dry steppes of the Southern Urals, where the main livestock of beef cattle is currently concentrated, the introduction of the proposed method to improve the quality of pasture feed will increase the productivity of beef cattle by 12-25%.

Literature

1. The main results of the All-Russian Agricultural Census 2006. The Federal State Statistics Service. - M .: IITs. “Statistics of Russia”, 2008. - Volume 1. - P.12.

2. Evseev V.I. Pastures of the Southeast. Chkalov Publishing House, 1949 .-- 262 p.

3. Peive Ya. V. Guidelines for the use of micronutrient fertilizers. - M .: Selkhozizdat, 1963.

4. Anspok P.I. Microfertilizers. Reference book. L .: Kolos, 1978.

5. Mikhailov V.A., Kremin V.E., Battles A.Kh. et al. Experience in the use of micronutrient fertilizers in the Orenburg region. Orenburg, 1970.

6. Mishin P.Ya. The main results of the study of trace elements in the Orenburg region. In the book: "Microelements in the USSR", issue 25, Riga: Zinante, 1984.

7. Mishin P.Ya. Trace elements in the soils of the Orenburg region and the effectiveness of micronutrient fertilizers. Chelyabinsk: South Ural Book Publishing House, 1991. - 91 p.

8. Zimina Zh.A. The influence of trace elements and complex organic mineral micronutrient Humate + 7 on the biological and economic signs of corn: Abstract. diss.k. s.n. - Astrakhan, 2006 .-- 21 p.

9. Karimov I.Z. Alfalfa crop formation depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar fertilizing in the conditions of the Pre-Kama Republic of Tatarstan: Abstract. diss.k. s.n. Kazan, 2006, - 17 p.

Table 1 Scientifically recommended doses of micronutrient fertilizers for foliar plant nutrition No. Microfertilizers Application Doses one Copper sulfate CuSO ₄ (0.02-0.05)% or 200-500 L of solution per 1 ha 2 Zinc sulfate ZnSO ₄ (0.01-0.05)% or 200-400 L of solution per 1 ha 3 Manganese Sulphate MnSO ₄ (0.01-0.05)% or 200-400 L of solution per 1 ha four Boric acid HBO ₂ (0.03-0.05)% or 300-500 L of solution per 1 ha

table 2 Doses of introducing components into the tank solution (300 l / ha) during foliar processing of pasture feed for cattle,% Tank mix option Components Copper sulfate (CuSO ₄ ) Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO ₄ ) Manganese Sulfate (MnSO ₄ ) Boric acid (HBO ₂ ) Urea (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO Molasses feed I option 0.02 0.02 0.02 0,03 10 - II option 0.02 0.02 0.02 0,03 10 10 Total I option 200 g of a preparation of water-soluble complex micronutrient fertilizers, 10.5 kg of urea II option 200 g of a preparation of water-soluble complex micronutrient fertilizers, 10.5 kg of urea and 10.5 kg of feed molasses

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the nutritional value of pasture feeds, including enriching the diet of livestock with microelements, characterized in that, to eliminate the deficit in the diet directly in the pasture feed, root on copper, zinc, manganese, boron, nitrogen and carbohydrate top dressing, foliar treatment of green mass in the pasture pen in May June, three days before grazing, the animals are treated with a solution of a tank mixture of the components CuSO ₄ - 0.02%, MnSO ₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO ₄ - 0.02%, HBO ₂ - 0.03% and (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO - 10%, and in July-October, when the pasture “burns out”, foliar treatment of dry pasture the mass is carried out with a solution of a mixture of components CuSO ₄ - 0.02%, MnSO ₄ - 0.05%, ZnSO ₄ - 0.02%, HBO ₂ - 0.03%, (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO - 10% and feed molasses - 10% with the application rate in both versions - 300 l / ha.