RU2530179C1 - Reducer and gas flow regulation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: reducer comprises a case with three chambers divided by walls: a high-pressure chamber, a reduced pressure chamber and a regulation chamber, a partition coupled with a movable plunger diving the regulation chamber into a piston cavity and an annular cavity, a valve which is connected with the plunger, set in the high-pressure chamber, fitted with a sealing element interacting with a seat in the wall, the first channel connecting the reduced pressure chamber with the piston cavity of the regulation chamber, the second channel with a check valve connecting one of the regulation chamber cavities with the environment, the third channel with a regulated throttle connecting the high-pressure chamber with the piston cavity. The method involves the supply of gas to the piston cavity of the high-pressure chamber, delivery of gas to the reduced pressure chamber and to the consumer, it is possible to change the flow and pressure of gas delivered to the consumer, bleeding of gas from the piston cavity into the environment through the second channel.

EFFECT: reduced dimensions and weight of a reducer with low amplitude of pressure fluctuations.

10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to gas pressure regulators, in particular, to reducers of breathing apparatus, designed to reduce the pressure of the gas supplied from containers of limited volume.

A known method of operation of a device that reduces the pressure of the gas in the first chamber under a pressure higher than in the second chamber into which the gas being reduced in the device flows (US patent No. 7093605 from 12/05/2002, application US No. 2011/0100474 from 30.08 .2004). The device consists of a housing divided by a partition into two chambers: a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber; in the partition there is an opening in which a plunger is mounted, movable relative to the partition. Between a part of the surface of the plunger and the hole in the baffle there is a gap that ensures the reduction of the pressure of the gas flowing from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber. The diameter of the part of the plunger located in front of the partition corresponds to the diameter of the hole in it and, approaching the partition, it can reduce and even stop the flow of gas from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber. The reduced pressure chamber is divided by a piston connected to the plunger into two cavities - a piston and a piston. Under the action of the difference of forces from the gas pressure on the piston and plunger, the latter is maintained in the lower position, and the gas flows from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber. When the pressure of the gas acting on the piston decreases, and in the absence of additional force acting on it, the plunger moves upward and closes the hole in the baffle, interrupting the gas flow. To resume gas flow through the gap between the hole in the partition and the plunger, it is necessary to move the plunger with the piston down, acting on them with external force. To keep the gas flow through this device, it is necessary to maintain the action of external force on the plunger or piston.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to maintain a continuous gas flow under reduced pressure without applying external force to the plunger.

Known devices (patent NL No. 1022455 of September 1, 2004, application US No. 2002/0179634 of January 30, 2002) release gas under reduced pressure. For the operation of each of the devices, it is necessary to apply a force acting on the piston or plunger and hold it for the necessary time to release gas from the tank.

A known method of operation of a pressure reducing valve (MD Golubev. Gas pressure regulators. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1964, p.40), consisting of a housing having a high-pressure gas chamber (VD), a reduced pressure gas chamber (RD ), a partition with a hole separating the chambers of the airborne and the taxiway; a plunger located movably in the baffle hole with a gap between the surface of the hole and part of the plunger surface; part of the plunger protruding into the chamber VD, with the possibility of overlapping the gap when moving the plunger to the partition; a control chamber divided by a piston with a diaphragm connected to the plunger into a piston cavity closed by a lid and a piston cavity; the channel connecting the VD chamber with the piston cavity, the second partition separating the taxiway chamber and the piston cavity.

With the known method of operation of the pressure reducing valve to open it

- serves in the piston cavity control pressure from a special source,

- move the piston and plunger under the action of a force created by the control pressure acting on the piston, reduce the gas flowing through the gap between the part of the plunger and the partition from the VD chamber to the taxiway chamber,

- regulate the pressure in the RD chamber by changing the control pressure of the gas supplied to the piston cavity, moving the plunger and changing the gap between the part of the plunger and the baffle,

- stop the gas supply to the RD chamber by stopping the supply of control pressure to the piston cavity and connecting it to the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to have special equipment for supplying and regulating control pressure.

Known gas reducer (patents RU No. 51761 U1 dated 07/26/2005, RU No. 72937 U1 dated 12/25/2007) comprising a housing, a cover, a high-pressure chamber (HPC) of gas with an inlet fitting connected to it with a filter, a pressure reducing chamber (KRD) ) gas, a control chamber divided by a piston with a plunger into two cavities - a piston cavity and an annular cavity. A hole is made in the housing that connects the HPC to the KRD and protrudes into the KRD in the form of a conical seat, and a sealing washer in contact with the saddle is pressed into the end face of the plunger. KRD is connected to the piston cavity by a KR channel in the plunger, and with the environment, a channel with an adjustable non-return valve. A spring is installed in the annular cavity between the body and the piston, which squeezes the plunger with the sealing washer from the seat and ensures the connection of the HPC and the pressure regulator through the gap between the seat and the sealing washer, when the gas flows through it, the gas is throttled and enters the pressure reducing valve. With increased pressure in the engine, the gas enters the piston cavity through the channel and moves the piston with the plunger, reducing the gap between the seat and the sealing washer and, accordingly, the pressure in the engine. When the gas pressure in the KRD is more permissible, the adjustable check valve opens, releasing gas into the environment.

The disadvantage of this gas reducer in the gas supply to the consumer, starting with a pressure surge due to the maximum gap between the seat and the sealing washer, which is available when there is no pressure in the HPC, since the spring presses the piston with the plunger, and the clearance can be reduced only if there is an HPC and KRD gas under pressure.

Known gas pressure reducers and pressure regulators (patents RU No. 72936 U1 from 12.17.2007; RU 2132509 from 01.20.1998, RU No. 2206116 from 04.04.2006, RU No. 2237919 from 05.27.2003) having a membrane with a plunger and a valve fixed to it with an annular sealing element located in the HPC.

With the method of operation of such a gas reducer, a spring installed between the housing cover and the membrane squeezes the valve from the seat, increasing the gap between the seat and the sealing element, and gas under pressure is supplied under the membrane from the pressure relief valve through the channel connecting the pressure relief valve and the cavity under the membrane, which creates a force acting on the membrane against the force acting on the membrane from the spring between the seat and the sealing element.

The disadvantage of this method of regulation is that when the pressure of the gas supplied to the HPC, for example, from a cylinder changes, an intense fluctuation of the pressure of the gas supplied to the consumer from the HPC occurs.

A known method of regulating the pressure of the gas stream in the gearbox (patent EP No. 1151364 B1 from 12.15.1999, Fig.2, 3), having

- the housing and the three chambers made therein:

- - a high-pressure chamber (HPC) and a reduced pressure chamber (HPC), separated by a first wall;

- - regulation chamber (RR), separated by a second wall from the RJD chamber;

- a hole with a saddle located in the first wall;

- a partition with a movable plunger passing through an opening in the second wall separating the RC into the piston and annular cavities;

- a valve connected to the plunger and placed in the HPC or KRD with a sealing element interacting with the seat;

- the first channel connecting one of the cavities of the Kyrgyz Republic with the chamber under gas pressure;

- the second channel with a throttle connecting the KRD with the annular cavity of the KR;

- the third channel connecting the cavity under reduced pressure with the environment;

including

- gas supply to the HPC, the displacement of the plunger with a partition and the formation of a gap between the seat and the sealing element;

- gas flow through channels in the cavity of the Kyrgyz Republic;

- moving the partition with the plunger and the valve under the action of a gas pressure difference on it, increasing the gap between the seat and the valve sealing element;

- the flow of gas into the gas generator and, accordingly, the gas consumer;

- gas flow through the second channel with a throttle in the annular cavity of the Kyrgyz Republic;

- the effect of the difference in gas pressure on the partition;

- change (increase, decrease) in the gas flow entering the consumer from the KRD and the gas pressure in the KRD, causing gas to flow between the KRD and the KR cavities, moving the partition with the plunger and valve in the direction of the resultant of all forces acting on the partition and plunger, changing the value the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat. corresponding to the displacement of the partition, as well as pressure and gas supply to the consumer;

- the release of gas into the environment from the chambers or cavities of the Kyrgyz Republic, connected to the environment through the third channel when the specified pressure is exceeded.

The disadvantage of this method of regulation is that gas under pressure is supplied to the piston cavity of the KR from both the KRD and the HPC through the first and second channels with chokes, which requires equipping the channels with pressure sensors and an electronic controller, which complicates the control method.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce the size and mass of the gas pressure reducer supplied from the source to the consumer, with a small amplitude of pressure and flow fluctuations.

The technical problem is solved in the design of the gear having

- the housing and the three chambers made therein:

- - high-pressure chamber (KB D) and a reduced pressure chamber (KRD), separated by a first wall;

- - a control chamber (KR), separated from the KRD by a second wall with a hole, and from the environment by a cover;

- a hole with a saddle located in the first wall;

- a partition connected to a movable plunger passing through an opening in the second wall, dividing the CR into a piston cavity and an annular cavity;

- a valve located in the HPC and interacting with a movable plunger with a sealing element interacting with the seat;

- the first channel connecting the KRD with the annular cavity of the KR;

- the second channel connecting one of the cavities of the Kyrgyz Republic with the environment,

wherein

the control cavity is the piston cavity;

a second channel connects the piston cavity to the environment;

a check valve is connected to the second channel, which can be adjustable, with the possibility of discharging gas from the piston cavity into the environment;

HPC is connected to the piston cavity by a third channel with a throttle, which can be adjustable;

the partition may be in the form of a piston or membrane;

the throttle in the first channel may be adjustable;

a spring supporting the valve can be installed in the HPC, while the valve is separated from the plunger.

A method of controlling gas pressure in a pressure reducer described above includes

- gas supply to the HPC, gas supply to the piston cavity of the CR;

- displacement of the partition with the plunger, the formation of a gap between the seat and the sealing element of the valve, the flow of gas from the HPC to the KRD and, accordingly, to the gas consumer;

- gas flow through the first channel with a throttle into the annular cavity of the Kyrgyz Republic or from it;

- change in the flow and pressure of gas entering the consumer from the KRD, moving the partition with the plunger and the valve with the sealing element in the direction of the resultant of all the forces acting on the partition and the plunger, changing the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat, corresponding to the displacement of the partition;

- the release of gas from the piston cavity into the environment through the second channel when the specified pressure is exceeded,

wherein

- gas enters the piston cavity from the HPC through a channel with a throttle;

- gas is released into the environment from the piston cavity through the second channel and the check valve;

- when moving the partition with the plunger and the valve, the gas flows through the first channel with a throttle from the KRD into the annular cavity;

- the difference in pressure and forces acting on the baffle causes its displacement, a change in the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat and the regulation of the flow and pressure of the gas entering the gas distribution valve and the gas consumer corresponding to this change.

The technical effect of reducing the size and weight of the gas pressure reducer supplied from the source to the consumer, with a small amplitude of pressure fluctuations, is achieved through a new set of features of the reducer:

the control cavity is the piston cavity;

a second channel connects the piston cavity to the environment;

a check valve is connected to the second channel, which can be adjustable, with the possibility of discharging gas from the piston cavity into the environment;

The HPC is connected to the piston cavity by a third channel with a throttle, which can be adjustable.

The technical effect is also achieved due to the distinguishing features of the method:

- gas enters the piston cavity from the HPC through a channel with a throttle;

- gas is released into the environment from the piston cavity through the second channel with a check valve connected to it;

- when moving the partition with the plunger and the valve, the gas flows through the first channel with a throttle from KRD into the annular cavity of the KR;

- the difference in pressure and forces acting on the baffle causes its displacement, a change in the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat and the regulation of the flow and pressure of the gas entering the gas distribution valve and the gas consumer corresponding to this change.

The combination of features of the gearbox and the method of its operation was not found during the patent information search, therefore, the technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty" and does not follow explicitly from the prior art, as it was obtained as a result of comparative tests of gas gearboxes of various designs and characterized by various methods work, therefore, the technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a gas gear with a valve located in the HPC.

Figure 2 - gas gear with a valve located in the HPC and with an adjustable throttle in the first and third channels.

Figure 3 - gas gear with a valve placed in the HPC and with a partition in the form of a membrane.

Figure 4 - gas gear with a spring in the high-pressure chamber.

A method of controlling a gas flow in a gearbox having (Figs. 1-4):

- housing 1 and made in it three chambers separated by walls:

- - chamber 2 high pressure (HPC) and chamber 3 of reduced pressure (KRD), separated by a first wall 4;

- - camera 5 regulation (KP), separated from KRD 3 by the second wall 6 with a hole 7, and from the environment by a cover 8;

- hole 9 with a saddle 10 located in the first wall 4;

- a partition 11 connected to a movable plunger 12 passing through an opening 7 in the second wall 6, dividing the KR 5 into the piston cavity 13 and the annular cavity 14;

- valve 15 located in the HPC 2 and interacting with the movable plunger 12; with a sealing element 16 interacting with the seat 10;

- the first channel 17 with a throttle 18 (figure 1), connecting KRD 3 with the annular cavity 14 KR 5;

- the second channel 19 with a check valve 20 connecting the piston cavity 13 with the environment,

- the third channel 21 with a throttle 22, which can be adjustable, connecting the HPC 2 with the piston cavity 13;

- in the first channel 17 can be installed adjustable throttle 23 (figure 2);

- in KVD 2 can be installed spring 24 (figure 4), supporting the valve 15, while the valve 15 is separated from the plunger 12.

A method of controlling gas pressure in a pressure reducer described above includes

- gas supply to the HPC 2, the flow of gas into the piston cavity 13 through the channel 21 with the throttle 22;

- displacement of the partition 11 with the plunger 12, the formation of a gap between the seat 10 and the sealing element 16 of the valve 15, the flow of gas from the HPC 2 to the pressure control valve 3 and, accordingly, to the gas consumer;

- the flow of gas through the first channel 17 with the throttle 18 into the annular cavity 14 or from it;

- changing the flow and pressure of gas entering the consumer from the KRD 3, moving the baffle 11 with the plunger 12 and the valve 15 with the sealing element 16 in the direction of the resultant of all the forces acting on the baffle 11 and the plunger 12, changing the gap between the sealing element 16 of the valve 15 and a saddle 10, corresponding to the displacement of the baffle 11 and corresponding to this change, the regulation of the supply and pressure of the gas entering the gas distribution valve and gas consumer;

- the release of gas from the piston cavity 13 into the environment through the second channel 19 and the check valve 20 when the specified pressure is exceeded.

Claims (10)

1. The gearbox containing
- the housing and the three chambers made therein:
- a high pressure chamber and a pressure reducing chamber,
separated by a first wall;
- a control chamber, separated from the pressure reducing chamber by a second wall with a hole, and a cover from the environment;
- a hole with a saddle located in the first wall;
- a partition connected to a movable plunger passing through an opening in the second wall separating the control chamber into a piston cavity and an annular cavity;
- a valve located in the high-pressure chamber and interacting with the movable plunger with a sealing element interacting with the seat;
- the first channel connecting the pressure reducing chamber to the annular cavity of the control chamber;
- a second channel connecting one of the cavities of the control chamber with the environment,
characterized in that
the control cavity is the piston cavity;
a second channel connects the piston cavity to the environment;
a check valve is connected to the second channel with the possibility of discharging gas from the piston cavity into the environment;
the high pressure chamber is connected to the throttle with a piston cavity by the third channel. 2. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle in the first channel is adjustable. 3. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle in the third channel is adjustable. 4. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition is made in the form of a piston. 5. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition is made in the form of a membrane. 6. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle in the first channel is adjustable. 7. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that in the high-pressure chamber there is a spring supporting the valve, while the valve is separated from the plunger. 8. The gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that the check valve is adjustable. 9. A method of controlling gas pressure in a gearbox containing:
- the housing and the three chambers made therein:
- a high-pressure chamber and a reduced pressure chamber, separated by a first wall;
- a control chamber, separated from the pressure reducing chamber by a second wall with a hole, and a cover from the environment;
- a saddle with a hole located in the first wall;
- a partition connected to a movable plunger passing through an opening in the second wall separating the control chamber into a piston cavity and an annular cavity;
- a valve located in the high-pressure chamber and interacting with the plunger with a sealing element interacting with the seat when closing the hole in the seat;
- the first channel connecting the pressure reducing chamber to the annular cavity of the control chamber;
- a second channel connecting the piston cavity to the environment;
- a check valve connected to the second channel with the possibility of discharging gas from the piston cavity into the environment;
- the third channel with a throttle connecting the high-pressure chamber to the piston cavity, including
- gas supply to the high-pressure chamber, gas supply to the piston cavity;
- displacement of the partition with the plunger, the formation of a gap between the seat and the sealing element of the valve, the flow of gas from the high-pressure chamber to the pressure-reducing chamber and, accordingly, to the gas consumer;
- gas flow through the first channel with a throttle into the annular cavity of the control chamber or from it;
- changing the flow and pressure of gas entering the consumer from the pressure reducing chamber, moving the partition with a plunger and a valve with a sealing element in the direction of the resultant of all the forces acting on the partition and the plunger, changing the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat, corresponding to the displacement of the partition;
- the release of gas from the piston cavity into the environment through the second channel when the specified pressure is exceeded,
characterized in that
- gas enters the piston cavity from the high-pressure chamber through a channel with a throttle;
- gas is released into the environment from the piston cavity through the second channel and the check valve;
- when moving the partition with the plunger and the valve, the gas flows through the first channel with a throttle from the pressure chamber to the annular cavity;
- the difference in pressure and forces acting on the baffle causes its movement, a change in the gap between the valve sealing element and the seat and the corresponding change in the supply and pressure of gas entering the pressure chamber and the gas consumer. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas is released from the piston cavity into the environment through a second channel with an adjustable non-return valve.

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