RU2530154C2 - Pneumatic seeder with controlled proportioner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: this seeder comprises bin with cylindrical mixing chamber arranged at its bottom centre. Mixing chamber top part accommodates distributor with n uniformly spaced seed ducts terminating in optoelectronic pickups connected to electronic control unit. Control board and light-and-sound indication unit is connected to the latter. Bin bottom part features conical shape with bore to receive actuator motor shaft with lifting-dispensing mechanism secured at cylindrical mixing chamber bottom. Bin top part has overlapped hole for filling in of seed before seeding. Swirler is arranged at top section of lifting-and-dispensing mechanism communicated with m air feed unit air ducts uniformly spaced at preset angle to mixing chamber walls. Electronic control unit input is connected to carrier speed bus. First set of signal inputs and outputs of electronic control unit is connected to n optoelectronic pickups, critical level pickup arranged at bin bottom and actuator motor idling pickup as well as to air feed unit and n injection heads arranged at ends of seed ducts. Second set of signal inputs and outputs of electronic control unit is connected to pressure gage arranged at mixing chamber top working space, motor rpm transducer and to motor signal output. Distributor features conical shape with exponentially generating surface whereat oval channels contracting to the centre, their number complying with that of seed ducts. Distributor cone vertex is directed towards airflow that carried seed.

EFFECT: enhanced performances, higher quality of seeding.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to pneumatic sowing equipment.

Currently known devices, among which the following can be distinguished.

Known metering system according to patent RU No. 2056716 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 05/22/1992, publ. 03/27/1996, consisting of a hopper with a slit window and a dispenser. The latter contains a shutter made in the form of a cantilever fixed spring. The shutter controls an electromagnet. The free end of the shutter is placed above the collector plate installed in the lower part of the slot window. Between the shutter and the electromagnet installed curvilinear guiding deflection of the shutter, made of an elastic material. The magnitude and shape of the curvature of the guide is set by stop screws from the condition of maximum copying of the traction characteristic. The free edge of the shutter with a small gap adjoins a removable collector plate with several drains in the form of calibrated windows. The electromagnet is mounted on curved guides of the shutter. The electromagnet windings are connected to the output of the software-amplifier unit, electrically connected to the speed sensor on the support wheel. The metering system is equipped with shutter control sensors. The sensors are electrically connected to the software-amplifier unit through a pulse-forming unit and a key amplifier. The latter has an output to the alarm unit. The seed tubes are adjacent to the bottom of the dispensers.

Known pneumatic seeder according to patent RU No. 2075276 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 02/01/1994, publ. 03/20/1997, containing a leveling and distributing device, which is made in the form of coaxially arranged vertical pipelines, the outer pipe having a distribution head at the top, the top cover of which has a hole in the center, the diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the inner pipe, and in the lower part of the outer pipe - Injection gateway with stabilizer for equalizing the supplied air flow.

Known distribution head of a pneumatic seeder for sowing bulk materials according to patent RU No. 2060617 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 03/15/1993, publ. 05/27/1996, containing an inlet pipe, a distributor with outlet pipes and a guide with grooves. The flow guide is made in the form of a cone, the surface of which is formed by rotation around the inlet pipe and the distributor forming a circular arc. The center of the radius of the guide is located on the line of the inner surface of the distributor and at a distance from the distributor cover equal to the radius and depth of the grooves. The diameter of the base of the guide is equal to the diameter of the inlet pipe. The flow guide is mounted on the distributor cover, and the top of the cone is lowered down, towards the flow of air transporting the sown material.

As a prototype, a pneumatic metering device according to patent RU No. 2347343 C2, A01C 7/00, prior. 02.20.2007, publ. 02/27/2009. It contains a seed distribution chamber, seed tubes and an axial fan motor of the chamber. The seed distribution chamber has a removable perforated septum located at a distance of 1/3 ... 1/4 of the height from the lower end of the chamber. At the bottom of the chamber are a fan and swirls. The latter are made in the form of spirals. A conical guide is located in the upper part of the chamber and openings for the exit of seeds into the seed tubes are made. The diameter of the holes in the septum is 0.3 ... 0.6 of the average diameter of the sown seeds. The perforation step in any direction is 5 ... 8 of the average diameter of the seeds.

Known devices [1-4] have common disadvantages. Thus, the known devices [1-3] due to their structural features have a complex structure [1-2] and do not contain the required number of sensors for monitoring the operation of individual structural elements [3-4], which does not allow to organize the adaptive mode of operation of the metering system of the metering units, and therefore, provide the required seeding quality and wide functionality.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the inventive pneumatic sowing apparatus with an adjustable metering system is to improve the quality of sowing of grain crops and expand the functionality.

To achieve a technical result, in a pneumatic sowing device with an adjustable dosing system containing a hopper with a cylindrical mixing chamber located in its central lower part, a distributor with n uniformly distributed vas deferens ending in optoelectronic sensors, an actuator motor, connected in series, is installed in the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber control panel and light and sound indication unit, the lower part of the hopper has a conical shape with a hole for inputting the shaft of the actuator motor with a lifting and metering mechanism fixed to the lower part of the cylindrical mixing chamber, and its upper part has an overlapping hole for filling grain crops before sowing, a swirler is installed in the upper part of the lifting and metering mechanism with an air connection with evenly spaced at a given angle to the walls of the cylindrical mixing chamber m air ducts of the air injection unit, in addition, the second conclusions of the control panel under are connected to the information terminals of the electronic control unit, its control input is connected to the vehicle speed bus, the first group of signal inputs and outputs is connected to n optoelectronic sensors, a critical level sensor installed in the lower part of the hopper, and an idle sensor of the executive motor, as well as the inlet of the air injection unit and to n injection heads mounted on the ends of the vas deferens, and its second group of signal inputs and outputs to the pressure sensor located in the working section the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber, to the rotational speed sensor of the actuator motor shaft and to its signal output, respectively, while the distributor is cone-shaped with an exponentially forming surface, where oval channels narrowing toward the center are made according to the number of seed tubes of the device and directed by the top of the cone towards the air flow transporting sowing grain material.

The device is illustrated by drawings. In Fig.1 shows a structural diagram of a pneumatic metering device with an adjustable metering system, Fig.2 and 3 (only for explanation) shows embodiments of the distributor 5 and the electronic control unit 12.

Pneumatic sowing device with an adjustable metering system (figure 1) contains a hopper 1, a cylindrical mixing chamber 2, a lifting and metering mechanism (PDM) 3, a swirler 4, a distributor 5, seed tubes 6-1 ... 6-n, optoelectronic sensors 7-1 ... 1-n, injection heads 8-1 ... 8-n, actuator motor 9, air injection unit 10 (BV), ducts 11-1 ... 11-m, electronic control unit 12 (ECU), control panel 13 (PU) , block 14 light and sound indication (BSZI), sensors 15-18 critical level, speed, idle electric motor of Tell and pressure, respectively, 19 speed bus traffic.

The electronic control unit 12 (ECU) contains a microcontroller 20, two registers 21, 22 and digital-to-analog converters 23, 24, three power amplifiers 25-27, a delay line 28, a pulse shaper 29 and n D-triggers 30-1 ... 30-n .

In the lower part of the conical shaped hopper 1, a cylindrical mixing chamber 2 is fixed. In its lower part there is a lifting and dosing mechanism 3 with a swirl 4 connected to the terminals of the air injection unit 10 through the corresponding m air ducts 11-1 ... 11-m. The axis of the PDM 3 is connected to the shaft of the actuator motor 9, the control output of which is connected to one of the terminals of the ECU 12. The other control output of the ECU 12 is connected to the input of BE 10, and its control input to the bus 19 of the vehicle speed.

In the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2, in its center, a distributor 5 is installed with an exponentially forming surface and oval channels according to the number of vas deferens 6-1 ... 6-n. The latter are evenly fixed in the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2 with the formation of holes for the passage of the sown culture. At the ends of the vas deferens 6-1 ... 6-n, injection heads 8-1 ... 8-n are installed with optoelectronic sensors 7-1 ... 7-n connected to the corresponding terminal groups of the ECU 12.

In the lower part of the hopper 1 there is a sensor 15 of the critical level of the sowing crop connected to one of the terminals of the ECU 12. Its other output is connected to the sensor 18 of the air flow pressure installed in the working space of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2. The remaining signal terminals of the ECU 12 are connected to the terminals of the speed sensor 16 and the engine idle sensor 17. The information groups of the conclusions of the ECU 12 are connected to the corresponding conclusions of the control panel 13 and the light and sound indication unit 14 connected in series.

The device operates as follows.

Initially, the sown cereal is poured into the hopper 1 of the device through its upper part above the boundaries of the established critical level (Fig. 1). For the period of sowing grain crops through the remote control 13 to the device from the vehicle is supplied with a supply voltage. Seeding modes are set, as reported by BSZI 14.

When the vehicle is moving, signals about its current speed V _x are received on the bus 19 of the vehicle speed and are processed by ECU 12. Based on these signals and in accordance with a given program for sowing grain crops, their type (wheat, rye, etc.), ECU 12 (Fig. .3) control signals U1 and U2 are generated for the operation of the actuator motor 9 and the BCF 10.

The executive motor 9, rotating at a given angular speed ω _x = f (V _x ), drives the PDM 3. Using its screw blades, the PDM 3 lifts a predetermined amount of the sown grain crop from the lower part of the hopper 1 to its upper part per unit time where the swirl 4 is installed.

At the same moment, BEV 10 at its m outputs creates a working pressure P _x = f (V _x ) of air, which is supplied through air ducts 11-1 ... 11-m to the swirl 4. Flows of compressed air directed by the swirl elements 4 at a given angle α = 30 ° -55 ° to the vertical axis of the hopper 1, capture in the upper part of the blades PDM 3 grain culture and transfer it to the working area of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2.

The swirling flow of compressed air BNV 10 as the sowing grain is moving towards a cone-shaped distributor 5 evenly distributes individual grains in the space of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2. Thus obtained, a homogeneous air-grain mixture is then deposited on the exponentially forming surface of the distributor 5, falling into its oval n channels (figure 2). The channels of the distributor 5 at the top of the cylindrical mixing chamber 2 smoothly pass into the vas deferens 6-1 ... 6-n, providing minimal drag to the air flow.

The grain of the sowing culture, having got into the seed tubes 6-1 ... 6-n, under the influence of the working air pressure P _{x, the} BNV 10 starts to move along them towards the injection heads 8-1 ... 8-n with optoelectronic sensors 7-1 ... 7-n. Reaching the injection heads 8-1 ... 8-n, the grain of the sown culture at predetermined points in time by the signals of the ECU 12 are thrown into the soil.

The synchronous operation of the injection heads 8-1 ... 8-n allows you to bleed excess air in the seed tubes 6-1 ... 6-n in front of the transported grain, which ensures its free longitudinal movement.

The movement of grain in the seed tubes 6-1 ... 6-n is detected by optoelectronic sensors 7-1 ... 7-n, according to the signals of which the ECU 12 controls the correct operation of the transport channel seeding. From the conclusions of ECU 12, this information is transmitted to BSZI 14 for visual and sound control by the operator of this device.

As the cultivated mass of the grain crop is developed, its level in the hopper 1 decreases and reaches a certain critically lower level h _x , as indicated by the critical level sensor 15. When it is triggered by the operator on the move or on the go, it is necessary to replenish the mass of the sown culture in hopper 1. Otherwise, the PDM 3 will generate a loaded mass of the sown culture in hopper 1, its operation will be carried out in idle mode, which will record the idle speed sensor 17 of the electric motor, controlling moment M _x = f (V _x ) on its shaft. At the signal of this sensor, the ECU 12 will suspend the operation of the actuator motor 9 and BYV 10 and will signal a violation of the operating mode of the dosing system at BZSI 14 for taking appropriate action. Automatic stopping of the vehicle of the device is also possible.

To stabilize the air vortex flow in the cylindrical mixing chamber 2, a pressure sensor 18 is installed in its working space, according to the signals of which the ECU 12 automatically regulates the dosing system of the device, namely, the operation of the actuator motor 9 and the BCF 10, as well as the synchronization of the injection heads 8- 1 ... 8-n.

The use of a microcontroller in the ECU 12 (Fig. 3) allows the operator to change the seeding scheme of grain crops, to adjust the metering system of the device to a specific type of seeding culture at the input level through PU 13 of the corresponding seeding program in the microcontroller's memory. This greatly expands the functionality of the proposed device, improves the quality of seeding, has a simple implementation and high reliability.

In addition, the use of adaptive control of the metering system of the device allows to reduce the loss of grain material and to ensure uniform sowing of different crops, to monitor the quality of sowing, to monitor the critical parameters of the sowing apparatus. The adopted approach in the construction of the inventive device gives it positive properties that are different from all the analogues and prototypes known today, allowing to achieve a positive effect.

Practical implementation (for clarification only): the lifting-dosing mechanism 3 is made according to the scheme of the Archimedean screw; swirler 4 - a cylindrical metal case with oblique windows for introducing air flow at a predetermined angle to the axis of the mixing chamber 2, covered from the inside with soft plastic; the distributor 5 is made of a fluoroplastic of a given shape; seed tubes 6 - plastic pipes; optoelectronic sensors 7 - slotted diode-transistor sensors HOA1886-012; injection heads 8 are made in the form of an electromagnetic valve; Executive electric motor 9 - a direct current electric motor with a tachogenerator of the brand PRMOa 91-30; block 10 air injection consists of a tractor air compressor MTZ-D-243 with an air flow splitter; the electronic control unit 12 contains a microcontroller MSP430F4, registers 555IR17; digital-to-analog converters K594PA1, amplifiers based on field-effect transistors 2N6902, pulse shaper 555LAZ, delay line 555ЛН1 with RC elements, D-triggers 555ТМ2; remote control 13 consists of a set of push-button switches; block 14 has a set of LED indicators and buzzer for displaying the operating modes of the device; critical level sensor 15 — BM3M-TDT bulk photoelectric level sensor; rotation speed sensor 16 — a built-in tachogenerator of the executive electric motor 9 of the device was used; the idle sensor 17 is implemented according to the measuring circuit of a current transformer on a ferrite ring core; pressure sensor 18 - air pressure sensor MLH200PSL01A.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2056716 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 05/22/1992, publ. 03/27/1996.

2. Patent RU No. 2075276 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 02/01/1994, publ. 03/20/1997.

3. Patent RU No. 2060617 C1, A01C 7/04, prior. 03/15/1993, publ. 05/27/1996.

4. Patent RU No. 2347343 C2, A01C 7/00, prior. 02.20.2007, publ. 02/27/2009, prototype.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing device with an adjustable metering system, comprising a hopper with a cylindrical mixing chamber located in its central lower part, in the upper part of which there is a distributor with n uniformly distributed vas deferens ending in optoelectronic sensors, an actuator motor, a control panel and a light and sound unit connected in series indication, characterized in that the lower part of the hopper has a conical shape with a hole for inputting the shaft of the actuator an electric motor with a lifting and metering mechanism fixed in the lower part of the cylindrical mixing chamber, and the upper part of the hopper has an overlapping hole for filling grain crops before sowing; moreover, a swirler is installed in the upper part of the lifting and metering mechanism, having an air connection with uniformly located at a given angle to the walls of the cylindrical mixing chamber m air ducts of the air injection unit, in addition, the second terminals of the control panel are connected to the information terminals throne control unit, the control input of which is connected to the vehicle speed bus, and the first group of signal inputs and outputs is connected to n optoelectronic sensors, a critical level sensor installed in the lower part of the hopper, and an idle sensor of the actuator motor, as well as to the input of the discharge unit air and to n injection heads mounted at the ends of the vas deferens, while the second group of signal inputs and outputs of the control unit is connected to a pressure sensor located in the working the cavity of the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber, the rotational speed sensor of the actuator motor shaft and to its signal output, respectively, in addition, the distributor is conical with an exponentially forming surface on which oval channels narrowing toward the center are made according to the number of seed tubes of the device, and directed with the top of the cone towards the flow air transporting the sowing grain material.

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