RU2529657C1 - Method of determining direction of movement of moving objects from interaction surfactant with liquid layer over dispersed material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nanotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of evaluation of properties of dispersed materials and can be used for development of energy nanotechnologies in different fields of industry and fields of knowledge, as well as for development and management of self-organising systems, offers the opportunities to learn new principles of making technical devices. To determine the range of movement of moving objects, the direction of their movement, determining the number and size of particles in the sectors of the restrictive circle the object-preparation is used made of paper coated with a restrictive line with width of 5-6 mm in the form of a circle with a marked centre, the direction of the video camera location and divided into sectors with thin lines of the circle of the hydrophobic material. And in the marked centre of the restrictive circle a template is placed into which the particulate material is placed. Then in the restrictive circle the liquid under study is placed in an amount providing the thickness of the liquid layer over the material under study. Then a capillary is brought to its centre at a height of 1-6 mm, containing the surfactant, the video camera is switched on, which records of the changes on the surface. After completion of the process of moving the self-organising objects on the surface of the material under study the video camera is switched off, the plate with the object-preparation and the material under study in the template is left for drying without draining the water from the surface of the object-preparation. Then, using a microscope the number of the particles and their sizes near the restrictive circle is determined in each sector, according to which the direction is determined, in which the objects are predominantly moved, and an approximate combination of moving objects.

EFFECT: providing the ability to determine the range of movement of moving objects, the direction of their movement, determining the number and size of particles in the sectors of the restrictive circle.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of evaluating the properties of dispersed materials and can be used to develop energy nanotechnologies in various industries and fields of knowledge, as well as to develop and manage self-organizing systems, which opens up possibilities for studying new principles for constructing technical devices.

The theoretical foundations for the functioning of self-organizing systems have been developed for cybernetic devices and virtual systems (see Self-organizing system _philosophy / 7265 /% D0% Al% D0% 90% D0% 9C% D0% 9E% D0% 9E% DO% AO% D0% 93 % DO% 90% D0% 9D% DO% 98% DO% 97% D0% A3% D0% AE% D0% A9% D0% 90% D0% AF% D0% A1% D0% AF).

The use of magnetic colloids for self-assembled helical structures resembling DNA is known (see Silicon Constructor of Biological Macromolecules http: //www.nanonewsnet.m/news/2008/silikonovyi-konstruktor-biologicheskikh-makromolekul).

However, this method of self-organization of objects is applicable for micro-objects visible only through a microscope.

Similar systems of self-organization of objects in the nanoworld are known: (see Controlling the shape of colloidal nanoparticles http: //www.nanonewsnet.m/articles/2007/upravlenie-formoi-kolloidnykh-nanochastits; Quantum levitation: successful experiments pave the way for new types of nanomechanisms http: / /www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2009/kvantovaya-levitatsiya-uspeshnye-eksperimenty-otkryvayut-novye-tipy-nanomekhanizmov http://elementy.ru/news/430975); Organic gel forms “geometric” nanoparticles http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2007/organicheskii-gel-formiruet-geometricheskie-nanochastitsy; Self-organization of nanotubes in the image and likeness of DNA http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2009/samoorganizatsiya-nanotrubok-po-obrazu-podobiyu-dnk; Nanoplastics create a surge in targeted drug delivery technologies http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=8420.php; Microsurgical surgeon http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/news/2009/mikroskopicheskii-khirurg).

However, using the well-known systems of self-organization of objects, it is possible to create systems of the nanoscale range. And about the self-organization and spontaneous movement of particles visible to the naked eye, information is missing.

The discovered non-obvious effect of self-organization and movement of moving objects from macrodispersed materials shows that when using conventional technology, only a part of objects fall into the field of view of the device. Their greatest number remains out of sight. The directions along which particles move after self-organization, which is necessary for developing methods of controlling movement, remain unknown. Correct this disadvantage is called the invention.

A known method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant (Russian patent No. 2362141), which is performed as follows. On a table with an adjustable level of horizontal surface lay a plate of material, the surface properties of which must be investigated. To hold a liquid layer, for example, 0.1-1 mm thick, on the surface under study, a circle of a hydrophobic substance is applied to the material, if the liquid is polar, or a hydrophilic substance, if the liquid or solutions of various substances whose influence is to be studied are not polar. Then, a video camera or movie camera is installed so that the boundary line and the center of the bounding figure are clearly visible in the viewfinder and, if possible, occupy the entire frame area (adjusting image sharpness). After adjusting the sharpness of the image, a ruler with a division price of 1 mm is installed and fixed with a camera for subsequent scaling of measurements. The line is set perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens, fixing the camera process exactly along the diameter of the circle. Then the line is removed. The test liquid is introduced into the circle bounded by a hydrophilic or hydrophobic substance in an amount necessary to create a liquid layer selected by the thickness researcher. The pipette tip, calibrated by the mass of the droplet and the diameter of the capillary, is set exactly above the center of the bounding figure, for example, a circle, so that the drop from it drops as accurately as possible to the center of the figure. The edge of the pipette tip is set at a height of 4 to 30 mm. A scattered-light illuminator with dark lines deposited on its luminous surface in the form of a grid or with a grid of opaque material installed on it (luminous surface) or a grid deposited on a transparent material is installed so that the image of the grid reflected in the fixing chamber reflected from the surface of the investigated liquid is clearly visible.

The camera is turned on to capture the image, at the same time to determine the volume of the droplet at the moment of separation from the capillary of the pipette, the camera is fixed on an enlarged scale and the drop is added to the center of the circle. The frames that recorded the process of moving the fluid are sequentially studied, determining the distance from the center of incidence of the droplet to the base of the “displacement wave” and, in accordance with the scale, are converted to units of length and the diameter of the droplet is determined at the moment of separation from the capillary of the pipette. If it is necessary to determine or compare the properties of surfactants, you can use the "standard" surface, which can be used as a hydrophobic heat-resistant film or writing paper, or paper with a modified surface, for example, gelatin. When working with paper, a circle is applied to it with the necessary inner diameter from a hydrophobic paint, for example, tar solution. The line width of the bounding figure is 5-6 mm. The paper with the restrictive figure applied to it is soaked in a solvent, for example in water for a certain time, for example, 10 minutes, and placed on a table or a plane-parallel plate (thick glass) laid on it. In this case, the paper is straightened and air is removed from under it by extrusion using a glass tube with rounded ends, for example, a pipette with a diameter of 10-15 mm or other device, for example, a roller for rolling photos for glossing. On the paper area limited by the drawn lines (circle, square), the test liquid is applied in the amount necessary to create a layer with a thickness determined by the conditions of the experiment. A pipette tip is installed in the center, locking chambers are turned on, and a drop of the solution of the test surfactant is introduced into the center of the restrictive figure (see patent RU No. 2362141, IPC G01N 13/00, published on July 20, 2009, bull. No. 20; patent RU No. 2362979 IPC G01H 9/00, published July 27, 2009, bull. No. 21).

The technical task of the invention is to develop a method that allows you to determine the direction of movement of self-organizing objects and to determine the number and size of particles involved in self-organization and movement.

The technical result of the invention is to establish the range of movement of moving objects, the direction of their movement, determining the number and size of particles in sectors of the bounding circle.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a layer of liquid over a dispersed material, according to the invention, to evaluate these parameters, an object is made of paper with a boundary line of 5-6 mm wide applied to it in the form of a circle with a marked center, the direction of the camera and divided into sectors by thin lines of a circle of hydrophobic material, in the marked center will limit A template is placed in the circular circle into which the dispersed material is placed, the studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle in an amount that ensures the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied material, the capillary is brought to the center at a height of 1-6 mm, containing a surfactant, and the video camera is locked surface changes, after the process of moving self-organizing objects on the surface of the studied material is completed, the video camera is turned off, the plate with the preparation object and the studied material m inside the pattern left to dry without draining water from the surface-preparation facility, then using a microscope to determine the number of each sector and their particle sizes near the bounding circle which determine the direction in which objects are moved, and advantageously an exemplary structure of moving objects.

A new set of techniques set forth in the claims of a method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surface-active substance with a layer of liquid over a dispersed material, provides a technical result consisting in establishing the range of movement of objects, determining the direction of movement of moving objects by the number of particles and their sizes in each of the sectors of the bounding circle.

The search for patent documentation and scientific and technical literature did not reveal analogues that include a combination of features similar or equivalent to the claimed distinctive features set forth in the claims.

The proposed method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a liquid layer above a dispersed material is illustrated by a figure and photographs, where:

figure 1 - shows a view of the object - the drug with the image of the sectors, with the designation of the center, with the direction of the location of the camera;

photo 2 shows a view of the particles near the boundary line, a general view of the particles of the DAKS compound against the 240 ° mark;

photo 3 shows an enlarged view of the particles selected in photo 2 by an ellipse;

photo 4 shows a moving particle larger than 1 mm, the particle velocity is 50 mm / s.

photo 5 shows particles of pomegranate sand (fragment);

on a photo 6 - particles of pomegranate sand are shown, the restrictive line of an object - a preparation is visible below;

photo 7 shows quarry sand, general view;

on photo 8 - quarry sand (fragment) is depicted, the dark bar at the top is the boundary line of the object - the drug;

photo 9 shows quartzite particles of the Cheremshansky deposit in Buryatia in the form of light dots, on the lower right there is a dark bar, the boundary line of the object - the drug.

The proposed method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a liquid layer above a dispersed material is as follows.

A restrictive circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² with an HP printer, with the sectors shown and the center marked with thin lines and the “look” direction of the camera. The paper sheet is soaked in liquid, for example, in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate of the device. Or they use a cuvette with the height of the side that does not cover the area on which self-organizing objects will move, and marked with sectors and the direction of the camera’s “view”. In the center of the bounding circle, a template is placed on a paper sheet or cuvette in which dispersed material is placed. A template with known geometric parameters for calculating its volume creates a layer of the material under study. The studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that provides the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied object as specified by the researcher. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm from the surface of the studied object of the drug. The capillary is filled with the studied surfactant by dipping. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes to evaporate the surfactant from the surface of the capillary. A video camera is turned on to record surface changes and a capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The video camera continues until the process of moving self-organizing objects is over. The plate with the preparation object and the studied materials inside the template is left to dry without draining water from the surface of the preparation object. Then, using a microscope, the number of particles and their sizes are determined in each sector. These indicators judge in which direction the objects moved and the approximate composition of moving objects by the number of particles and their size. When using a conventional preparation object without dividing the circle into sectors, before using the definition, use a transparent template with sectors or make marks on the preparation object by designing them from the template.

Examples confirming the specific implementation of the method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a liquid layer over a dispersed material.

Example 1

For example, small balls obtained by artificial means — zirconium ceramic coated with polytetrafluoroethylene — “DAKS” compound with balls 0.3–0.04 mm in size are used as dispersed material.

A restrictive circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² with an HP printer, with the sectors shown and the center marked with thin lines and the “look” direction of the camera. The paper sheet is soaked in liquid, for example, in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate of the device. Or they use a cuvette with the height of the side that does not cover the area on which self-organizing objects will move, and marked with sectors, center and the direction of the “look” of the video camera. In the center of the bounding circle, a template is placed on a paper sheet or cuvette, in which dispersed material is placed - the DAKS compound. A template with known geometric parameters for calculating its volume creates a layer of the material under study. The studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that provides the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied object as specified by the researcher. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm from the surface of the studied object. The capillary is filled with the studied surfactant by dipping. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes to evaporate the surfactant from the surface of the capillary.

A video camera or movie camera is turned on to record surface changes and a capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The video camera continues until the process of moving self-organizing objects is over. The plate with the preparation object and the studied materials inside the template is left to dry without draining water from the surface of the preparation object. Then, using a microscope, the number of particles and their sizes are determined in each sector. These indicators judge in which direction the objects moved and the approximate composition of moving objects by the number of particles and their size. When using a normal preparation object without dividing the circle into sectors, before using the definition, use a transparent template with sectors or make marks on the preparation object, designing them from the template. On a photo 2 and 3 particles of a DAKS compound are shown moving from the center to a restrictive line of a preparation object against a mark of 240 °. The radius of the inner part of the preparation object is 82 mm.

Example 2

For example, pomegranate sand with a particle size of 0.27-0.11 is used as a dispersed material. A restrictive circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² with an HP printer, with the sectors shown and the center marked with thin lines and the “look” direction of the camera. The paper sheet is soaked in liquid, for example, in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate of the device. Or they use a cuvette with the height of the side that does not cover the area on which self-organizing objects will move, and marked with sectors, center and the direction of the “look” of the video camera. In the center of the bounding circle, a template is placed on a paper sheet or cuvette, in which dispersed material is placed - pomegranate sand. A template with known geometric parameters for calculating its volume creates a layer of the material under study. The studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that provides the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied object as specified by the researcher. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm from the surface of the studied object. The capillary is filled with the studied surfactant by dipping. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes to evaporate the surfactant from the surface of the capillary. A video camera or movie camera is turned on to record surface changes and a capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The video camera continues until the process of moving self-organizing objects is over. The plate with the preparation object and the studied materials inside the template is left to dry without draining water from the surface of the preparation object. Then, using a microscope, the number of particles and their sizes are determined in each sector. These indicators judge in which direction the objects moved and the approximate composition of moving objects by the number of particles and their size. When using a conventional preparation object without dividing the circle into sectors before determination, use a transparent template with sectors or make marks on the preparation object by designing them from the template. Figures 5 and 6 show particles of pomegranate sand that have moved from the center to the boundary line of the preparation object in the 0-10 ° sector. The radius of the inner part of the preparation object is 82 mm.

Example 3

For example, quarry sand with a particle size of 0.20-0.05 is used as dispersed material. A restrictive circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² with an HP printer, with the sectors shown and the center marked with thin lines and the “look” direction of the camera. The paper sheet is soaked in liquid, for example, in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate of the device. Or they use a cuvette with the height of the side that does not cover the area on which self-organizing objects will move, and marked with sectors, center and the direction of the “look” of the video camera. In the center of the bounding circle, a template is placed on a paper sheet or cuvette, in which dispersed material is placed - quarry sand. A template with known geometric parameters for calculating its volume creates a layer of the material under study. The studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that provides the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied object as specified by the researcher. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm from the surface of the studied object. The capillary is filled with the studied surfactant by dipping. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes to evaporate the surfactant from the surface of the capillary. A video camera or movie camera is turned on to record surface changes and a capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The video camera continues until the process of moving self-organizing objects is over. The plate with the preparation object and the studied materials inside the template is left to dry without draining water from the surface of the preparation object. Then, using a microscope, the number of particles and their sizes are determined in each sector. These indicators judge in which direction the objects moved and the approximate composition of moving objects by the number of particles and their size. When using a conventional preparation object without dividing the circle into sectors, before using the definition, use a transparent template with sectors or make marks on the preparation object by designing them from the template. Figures 7 and 8 show particles of quarry sand moving from the center to the boundary line of the preparation object in the direction of the sector 160-170 °. The radius of the inner part of the drug is 82 mm.

Example 4

For example, quartzite of the Cheremshansky deposit of Buryatia with a particle size of 0.21-0.01 mm is used as a dispersed material. A restrictive circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² with an HP printer, with the sectors shown and the center marked with thin lines and the “look” direction of the camera. The paper sheet is soaked in liquid, for example, in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate of the device. Or they use a cuvette with the height of the side that does not cover the area on which self-organizing objects will move, and marked with sectors, center and the direction of the “look” of the video camera. In the center of the bounding circle, a template is placed on a paper sheet or cuvette, in which dispersed material is placed - quartzite of the Cheremshansky deposit in Buryatia. A template with known geometric parameters for calculating its volume creates a layer of the material under study. The studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that provides the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied object as specified by the researcher. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm from the surface of the studied object. The capillary is filled with the studied surfactant by dipping. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes to evaporate the surfactant from the surface of the capillary. A video camera or movie camera is turned on to record surface changes and a capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The video camera continues until the process of moving self-organizing objects is over. The plate with the preparation object and the studied materials inside the template is left to dry without draining water from the surface of the preparation object. Then, using a microscope, the number of particles and their sizes are determined in each sector. These indicators judge in which direction the objects moved and the approximate composition of moving objects by the number of particles and their size. When using a conventional preparation object without dividing the circle into sectors, before using the definition, use a transparent template with sectors or make marks on the preparation object by designing them from the template. Photo 9 shows quartzite particles of the Cheremshansky deposit in Buryatia, which have moved from the center to the boundary line of the preparation object in the 90-100 ° sector. The radius of the inner part of the drug is 82 mm.

It can be seen from the above examples that using the proposed method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a liquid layer over a dispersed material, it is possible to determine the preferred direction of movement by the number of particles in the sectors and to estimate the particle size.

This will allow us to study materials and determine the preferred directions of particle movement in order to create ways to control the movement and obtain more complex objects, that is, to carry out construction.

Therefore, the above experimental result allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A method for determining the direction of movement of moving objects from the interaction of a surfactant with a layer of liquid over a dispersed material, characterized in that to evaluate these parameters, an object is made of paper with a boundary line of 5-6 mm wide applied to it in the form of a circle with a marked center , the direction of the location of the camcorder and the hydrophobic material circumferentially divided into thin lines of circles, in the marked center of the bounding circle, place the template in the cat The dispersed material is placed, the studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle in an amount that ensures the thickness of the fluid layer above the studied material, the capillary is brought to the center at a height of 1-6 mm containing a surfactant, the camera is turned on to record surface changes, after the process is completed the movement of the self-organizing objects on the surface of the studied material, the video camera is turned off, the plate with the preparation object and the studied material inside the template is left to dry, not with pouring water from the surface of the preparation object, then using a microscope, determine in each sector the number of particles and their sizes near the bounding circle, which determine in which direction the objects mainly moved and the approximate composition of moving objects.

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