RU2528865C2 - Method of flow-line production of lamb - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sheep husbandry. The method comprises management of ewes and their cyclical insemination in a timely manner and obtaining three lambing in two years. And the flock is formed from highly-forward and mid-duration meat breeds of sheep, as well as homegrown meat-wool and wool-meat breeds; the ewe flock is divided into two groups; artificial insemination of the ewes is carried out at intervals of 4 months during 20 days; the lambs are grown with the ewes for up to 2 months; then the lambs are grown in stable system; and fattening of lambs is carried out taking into account two age groups: 2-4 months and older than 4 months; selling of lambs is carried out for 4 months by age: at the age of 4 months - 20%; at the age of 5 - 25%; at the age of 6 - 30% and at the age of 7 - 25%.

EFFECT: method enables to produce the lamb year-round, to intensify the process of reproduction and breeding lambs, improve their safety and increase the energy of growth of the lambs.

5 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, to sheep husbandry, in particular to a method for the reproduction of sheep and year-round production of young mutton.

State of the art

There is a known method of a felony-basic keeping of 5 thousand ewes in the experimental farm of VNIIOK “Temnolesky” in the Shpakovsky district of the Stavropol Territory, including six large-sized sheep-dogs for 835 queens each with a plan size of 18 × 102 m and a wall height of 2.35 m (Industrial sheep breeding, M. : Kolos, 1980, p. 23)

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the need for rearing and fattening of young sheep on specialized farm sites that do not allow for the high preservation of lambs;

- transportation of young animals to specialized farm sites causes stress, which also negatively affects the payback of feed by an increase in live weight.

There is a method of grazing and stalling for 10 thousand sheep according to the design of the institute "Kraikolkhozproekt" of the Stavropol Territory from shepherd monoblocks and in the Oryol district of the Rostov Region for 15 thousand sheep and 5 thousand young animals, consisting of 12 pavilion-type rooms 13 and 18 m wide and from 108 to 137 m depending on the destination (Industrial sheep breeding, M .: Kolos, 1980, p.30).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- cyclic insemination of ewes;

- the impossibility of year-round production of young mutton;

- transportation of young animals to specialized farm sites causes stress, which negatively affects the payback of feed by an increase in live weight.

A known method of forming technological groups of sheep during lambing (RF patent for the invention No. 2064256, publ. 07/27/1996), comprising keeping sheep in daisies during the lambing period and forming sakmans, and the formation of sakmans is carried out by enlarging them in the first days of lambing in the initial stage of getting used to animals that have lambed to the condition of the daisy in the range from 6 to 12 hours of keeping in one dander, then 3-5 days after lambing in the stage of moderate addiction after 20-25 hours of keeping and 6-20 days after lambing, coarsening of sakmans is performed le 1.5-2 days of keeping animals in one cinder. Before enlarging the sakmans, they provide contact and access to adjacent dots of lambs and queens through gratings.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of year-round production of young mutton, due to the low intensity of the process of reproduction and growing lambs.

The closest to the proposed and taken by the authors for the prototype is a method of continuous lambing of the uterus in order to obtain three lambing in two years, eliminating the need to transfer the uterus with an approaching birth, and after delivery - in a heaped cage, sackman, etc. with the organization of several unified flow lines: lambing, keeping lambs in heap cells until the age of one day, raising lambs in shackles from 1 to 10 days old; growing lambs in shackles from 10 to 20 days of age (Industrial sheep breeding, Moscow: Kolos, 1980, p. 36-40).

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of year-round production of young mutton, due to:

- the need for rearing and fattening of young sheep in separately standing specialized farm sites that do not allow for the high safety of lambs;

- transportation of young animals to specialized farm sites causes stress, which negatively affects the return on feed by gain in live weight;

- increase labor costs when feeding and servicing animals on the farm.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a consistent chain of breeding and technological methods and techniques, taking into account the physiological characteristics of sheep and their maximum effective use, ensuring year-round production of young mutton.

The technical result of the invention is the possibility of year-round production of young lamb, the intensification of the process of reproduction and growing lambs, increasing their safety, increasing the growth energy of the lambs.

To achieve the specified technical result in the method of continuous production of young lamb, including the content of the uterus, their cyclic insemination in a timely manner and receiving three lambing in two years, according to the invention, the flock is formed from high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds of sheep, as well as meat and wool and wool - meat breeds; the uterine flock is divided into two groups; artificial insemination of the uterus is carried out with an interval of 4 months for 20 days; lambs are raised with the uterus up to 2 months; further lambs are grown at a stall; moreover, the fattening of lambs is carried out taking into account two age groups: 2-4 months and older than 4 months; lambs are sold within 4 months by age: in 4 months - 20%; in 5 - 25%; in 6 - 30% and in 7 - 25%.

The uterus of both groups in equal proportions is formed from high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds of sheep, and their insemination is carried out using sheep-producers of similar breeds. It is also possible that queens are formed from domestic meat-wool and wool-meat sheep breeds and their insemination is carried out using sheep-producers from high-ripening and mid-ripening sheep meat breeds.

In the diet used for feeding lambs from 4 months, the overall nutritional value of the feed is increased: energy feed units - by 3.7-9.3%, and digestible protein - by 3.0-15.8% relative to the diet of the age group up to 4 months.

Culling of uterus is carried out with an interval of 8 months: once every 2 years - 30% and twice 5% of the total number of queens.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the mating scheme of sheep used for year-round production of young mutton. The color on the diagram indicates: black - sheep and uterus of high-speed sheep breeds (for example, suffolk, dorper, charolais, half-dorset, texel, hampshire, shropshire, downey); white - sheep and uterus of mid-season sheep breeds (for example, Merinoland, il de France, southern meat, West Siberian, Tashlinsky); gray - uterus of domestic meat-wool and wool-meat breeds of sheep (for example, the North Caucasus, Kuibyshev, Tsigai, Kulunda, Volgograd, Manych merino).

Figures 2 and 3 show a diagram of a year-round continuous process for the production of young lamb with a monthly breakdown of 4 years.

The implementation of the invention

D. Jones (Farm. Weekly, 1977, 87.2: 17, 19) describes a system used in England since 1968, which makes it possible to receive monthly income from sheep farming. Herd repair is carried out in bright colors, which happen in the year of birth and get the yield of lambs 90%. This program included the receipt of 3 lambs in 2 years and provided a quick increase in the profitability of sheep breeding by 50%.

According to G. Müller and F. Dertel (Triptis. - Tierzucht, 1976, P.337-339.), As a result of the introduction of early use of brightenings of merino breed (at 12 months of age), shortening of the intervals between lambings - up to 7-9 months an average of 3 lambs per 2 years per 100 ewes received 124 lamb per year.

According to K. Bratanov (Veter, Sb. 1975, No. 5, pp. 5-9), as a result of the intensification of the reproduction process and the widespread adoption of 3 lambs in 2 years, due to improved feeding and the use of biogenic stimulants, was obtained additional profit from the use of this technology in the amount of 35%. This confirms that measures to intensify the process of reproduction are economically viable and biologically justified.

The essence of the proposed method of in-line production of young lamb includes the maintenance of 2 groups of uterus, their cyclic insemination in a timely manner and receiving three lamb in two years, as well as the planned implementation of young animals within 4 months after each lambing of the uterus, which will allow the realization of young lamb monthly during a year.

For the production of young mutton at such an early age, a scheme is provided (see Fig. 1) for the use of queens and rams belonging to different breeds and directions of productivity. The diagram shows the options for producing young sheep, able to reach the conditions necessary for the implementation by 4 months of age. In the first embodiment (figa) it is supposed to use purebred breeding of these breeds of sheep. For its implementation, it is necessary that the uterus of groups 1 and 2 in an equal proportion of 50/50 consist of animals classified as high-ripening and mid-ripening breeds that need to be seeded with ram-producers of a similar breed. The resulting offspring, with the exception of those left for the repair of their own herds, is sold for meat within 4 months. The second option (figb) shows how to use meat sheep on the uterus of domestic meat-wool and wool-meat breeds of sheep. The principle of operation is similar to the first option, except that industrial crossbreeding and the implementation of first-generation crossbreeds will be applied. The uterus, with this option, can be of the same breed, but the sheep must be from high-ripening and mid-ripening breeds so that the young can be evenly sold for meat according to the developed scheme for the production of lamb (Figs. 2 and 3). The first option is proposed for use on large sheep farms, while the second option can be used on farms of different ownership forms.

The best option is to use pure-bred sheep and queens of meat breeds of imported and domestic breeding, referred to high-speed breeds such as: suffolk; Dorper Charolais half-dorset; Texel, Hampshire, Shropshire, Downey and Mid-season: Merinoland; il de France; southern meat; West Siberian; Tashlinskaya (Breeds of world sheep, Moscow: Kolos, 1984, p. 36-139; World gene pool of sheep and goats, Izhevsk, 2004, p. 23-251). Content in a proportion of 50/50 in 1 and 2 groups of uterine sheep, attributed to high-ripening and mid-ripening breeds, will allow their insemination at the same time and cultivation under the same conditions, and subsequently evenly distribute sales for 4 months in each group of uterus (from 4 up to 6 months the sale of offspring from high-ripening breeds, and from 5 to 7 months from mid-ripening breeds). When using meat-wool and wool-meat breeds on the uterus (North Caucasian, Kuibyshev, Tsigaysky, Kulundinsky, Volgograd, Manych Merinos), similar use of ram-producers with different growth energies is provided.

The diagram (Figs. 2 and 3) shows periods of insemination (6 times in 4 years in 3 established periods: from August 15; from April 15 and from December 15) and lambing of uterus (in three periods from January 15; from September 15 and May 15), the time of their beating (two months after lambing), the time for the restoration of the uterus (1 month), the period of growing the lambs after weaning from the uterus using milk milk powder or sheep’s substitute (2 months) and the start of sales from 4 to 7 months of age in accordance with the established percentage of sales in different months (1-20%; 2-25%; 3-30% and 4-25%) for 4 years. The completion of sales of young meat for meat in the first group will coincide with their beginning in the second and vice versa, which will contribute to the year-round production of young mutton and will allow the company to plan the volume of sales on a monthly basis (possibly every ten days and even daily). Of particular note is the ranking of queens and replacing them with the colors of their own reproduction. As shown in the diagram, it will be held once every two years in the month of November. Weak and sick uterus will be replaced by bright January lambing at the age of 11 months and allowed into a random campaign together with the remaining uterus in the group. Similar work will be carried out annually: for even years in the first group; on odd ones - in the second. Up to 40% of queens in the group for 2 years will be replaced, i.e. complete replacement of the breeding stock will be carried out in 5 years, which will allow to maintain the high intensity of the use of queens. In case of unplanned withdrawal of the breeding stock or inability to reproduce, it is permissible to replace it with a bright at the age of 11 months in other periods: in June and March (5% of the total number of queens).

The essential features of the method of continuous production of young mutton should include the division of the uterine flock into two parts. At the same time, the minimum number of queens at which the effective use of this method is possible should be at least 120 goals. Any increase in the number of queens will have a positive effect on the profitability of lamb production.

Another innovation should be considered the distribution of the sale of young sheep by months (see Figs. 2 and 3): from 4 to 7 months of age according to the planned percentage of young animals received (at 4 months of age - 20%; at 5 months - 25 %; at 6 months - 30% and at 7 months - 25%). From the preliminary exclude up to 40% of bright, going to repair their own herd within 2 years. Such repairs will allow for a complete replacement of the brood stock for 5 years due to their intensive use.

By dividing the term of insemination of the uterus (a shift in insemination between groups by 1 set period, which will allow insemination of the uterus of the 1 and 2 groups every 4 months) and the implementation of young animals within 4 months after each lambing, it is possible to produce and sell lamb monthly of the year. If necessary, recalculation is possible for the production of young lamb every ten days or every day (for large sheep farms).

The insemination of the uterus is carried out only artificially, for 1 cycle (18 days), then the stimulation of the uterus, who did not come to the hunt, is carried out, and within 2 days they are inseminated. Thus, the insemination of the uterus will be carried out within 20 days, and you can plan the same friendly lambing on time.

Fattening of young animals after beating from the uterus will be carried out taking into account two age groups: 2-4 months and older than 4 months. The differences between the diets of these age groups consist in changing the ratio of the components that make up the feed. In the diet used to feed young sheep from 4 months, the overall nutritional value was significantly increased: the number of energy feed units should be increased by 3.7-9.3%, and digestible protein - by 3.0-15.8% per in relation to the diet of the age group 2-4 months.

For example, you can use developed feed recipes (Combined feed feed additives and whole milk substitutes (ZMTs) for animals, M .: Agropromizdat, 1990, p.188-193):

- aged 2 to 4 months (K 81-1-89; K 81-2-89; K 81-3-89; KK 82-17-89; KK 82-18-89; KK 82-19-89 );

- over the age of 4 months (KK 82-11-89; KK 82-12-89; KK82-13-89).

Particular attention is paid to the culling of queens that do not meet the selection requirements. Mostly culling of uterus will be carried out because of low rates of reproduction (fertility, fertility) and productivity (milk production, live weight); by age (upon reaching 5 years); for other reasons (illness, injury, etc.). In addition, breeding will be carried out to obtain animals with well-defined meat forms that give similar offspring with high growth energy. As a result, the bright ones that meet these requirements will be introduced into the herd, and the uterus that does not meet these parameters will be rejected.

It is planned to carry out mass culling of uterus up to 30% once every 2 years in each group (groups 1 and 2) and replenish the broodstock with bright colors at the age of 11 months (January lambing), which will go into insemination in the same year. Due to the difference in the periods of insemination of the uterus of groups 1 and 2, culling will be carried out alternately (the first year in group 2, and in the second year in group 1). In addition to this period, it is planned to replace unwanted uterus with 11 month olds in July and March, up to 5% (in each period) of the existing number of queens of different groups. Thus, a complete replacement of old queens with young ones will be carried out in 5 years, which will allow for their intensive use.

The claimed technical result of the proposed method in-line production of young mutton is confirmed by experimental data obtained by the inventors. Information on the results of the experiments is presented: in table 1 - Growth energy of sheep of different genotypes (from birth to 12 months of age); table 2 - Body measurements in 8-month-old rams of different genotypes.

Cross-breed animals obtained from specialized meat breeds significantly outperform pure-bred (control) growth rates by 4 months of age (rams by 2-13%, and bright by 5-17%), by body measurements at 8 months of age they had the best fatness and severity of meat forms.

The main application of the proposed method for year-round in-line production of young mutton is expected in large industrial complexes with a closed production cycle of sheep products. At the same time, it is possible to use the developed method both in agricultural enterprises and in personal farms of the population with the number of sheep-heads of more than 120 heads of queens (so that it would be possible to divide them into 2 groups). A prerequisite for the production of young mutton is the strict fulfillment of all the listed breeding and technological requirements (dividing the flock into 2 groups; artificial insemination of the uterus for 20 days; use of sheep-producers of high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds according to the presented scheme; raising lambs with a uterus up to 2- x months, and then with the use of specialized compound feed at a stall; culling of uterus in a timely manner and in the required quantity; iju young animals spend per month in accordance with the established sales percent of the total number of young animals walking on the implementation).

Claims (5)

1. A method of in-line production of young mutton, including the maintenance of uterus, their cyclic insemination in a timely manner and obtaining three lambing in two years, characterized in that the flock is formed from high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds of sheep, as well as domestic meat-wool and wool-meat breeds; the uterine flock is divided into two groups; artificial insemination of the uterus is carried out with an interval of 4 months for 20 days; lambs are raised with the uterus up to 2 months; further lambs are grown at a stall; moreover, the fattening of lambs is carried out taking into account two age groups: 2-4 months and older than 4 months; lambs are sold within 4 months by age: in 4 months - 20%; in 5 - 25%; in 6 - 30% and in 7 - 25%.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the uterus of both groups in equal proportions is formed from high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds of sheep and their insemination is carried out using sheep-producers of similar breeds.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is allowed to use the queen bees of domestic meat-wool and wool-meat breeds and their insemination is carried out using sheep-producers from high-ripening and mid-ripening meat breeds of sheep. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the diet used to feed the lambs in the period from 4 months, increase the overall nutritional value of the feed: energy feed units - by 3.7-9.3%, and digestible protein - by 3.0-15.8% in relation to the diet of the age group up to 4 months.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the culling of the uterus is carried out with an interval of 8 months: once every 2 years - 30% and two times 5% of the total number of queens.

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