RU2528732C1 - Transformable construction structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: construction structure of a cover comprises stands transformable in space, which consist of invariable modules connected to each other in a hinged manner. These modules consist of spacers and beams. Each triplet of serially arranged modules is combined by two ropes fixed to the first and third modules and freely resting against blocks installed on the middle module. Variation of the spatial position of stands is done with rotation of any module, apart from the support one.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to simplify a transformable construction structure, to increase its functionality and operational reliability.

12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used to overlap permanent and temporary buildings and structures, to protect against atmospheric precipitation and solar radiation, as well as to create transformable awnings.

Known pneumatic arch containing a prestressing cable in its internal space [1]. When the cable is pulled, the curvature of the arch changes. This allows you to adjust the span and height of the structure. The disadvantages of this solution are the low bearing capacity of the arch and the formation of folds on its surface when the cable is pulled.

Known solutions [2, 3], consisting of separate sections, including cavities for a straining flexible element (steel cable). When the cable is pulled, the individual sections rotate relative to each other with the formation of an arched shape.

Known solutions [4, 5], consisting of a combination of rigid and flexible elements (steel cables). Cables passed through a system of blocks mounted on rigid elements are strained with special devices. This causes the relative movement of the rigid elements relative to each other with the formation of an arched system.

The known solution [6], consisting of a set of hinge rods, spacers and flexible elements (steel cables). The spacers consist of two parts, which are combined together as a result of cable tension. Cables passed through a system of blocks mounted on racks, as well as through rails in racks, are strained with special devices. This causes the mutual movement of the elements of the system relative to each other with the formation of an arched shape.

The advantage of solutions [2-6] is the possibility of using a small number of tensioning devices that can be placed at a zero mark, which simplifies and reduces the cost of construction work. The main disadvantage is the limited scope of operation, since after installation and voltage of these structures, their geometric shape either cannot be changed (solutions [2, 3, 6]), or can not be changed significantly (solutions [4, 5]), by additional tension or loosening of the support cables.

However, during the operation of buildings and structures, there is a need to change the location and shape of the main building envelopes. Various fairs, exhibitions or sports may require temporary shelters, sun visors or coatings in general. On the other hand, many outdoor events, on the contrary, do not need such protective structures, and the presence of any coating structures in this case is undesirable.

A solution that allows you to change the overlapped area over a wide range was proposed in [7]. Its disadvantage is the ability to create only "semi-closed" canopies, or the need to use an additional wall fence, worsening the operation of the structure.

Another solution consists of flat inclined or curved (semi-arched) panels mounted on hinge supports that allow the panels to rotate relative to the vertical axes [8]. The panels are installed in two parallel rows. This solution allows, as necessary, to completely or partially cover the exploited areas, as well as create open areas that are directly affected by the environment.

The disadvantages of the solution [8] are as follows:

- the complexity of reliable waterproofing a fully enclosed coating, consisting of many separate rotary elements;

- deteriorated architectural expressiveness and increased overall dimensions of the proposed system, which is in a fully open state (in the position when the rotary panels are aligned along the straight lines connecting their supports);

- reduced bearing capacity due to the significant length of the elements working for compression with bending, or small spans of the structure, assigned from the condition of limiting the estimated lengths of the elements and bending moments in them.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a design consisting of racks transformable in space with a tent shell fixed to them [9]. Each rack is made in the form of a garland consisting of rigid elements strung on a cable with the possibility of changing the spatial position of the rack depending on the tension of the cable. The outer ends of the cables are interconnected by elastic metal arcs. This solution allows you to quickly change the shape of the coating, moving from a fully closed position to an open canopy or visor. Solution [9] is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the solution [9] are as follows:

- the presence of an internal massive supporting structure that degrades the performance of the structure;

- the impossibility of applying this solution in structures on a rectangular or square plan;

- insufficient reliability of operation, since up to the complete tension of the cables and straightening of the racks between the elements of the racks, structural clearances necessary for further tension are maintained;

- the possibility of wrinkling on the tent covering when pulling the cables and reducing the length of the support posts (ribs).

The technical task of the invention is to simplify and increase the reliability of the operation of the transformable building structure, as well as to increase the functionality of buildings and structures by providing the possibility of events both indoors and outdoors.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the use of a transformable building structure containing racks, transformable in space and consisting of unchanged modules interconnected pivotally. These modules consist of spacers and beams. Each triple of sequentially located modules is combined by two cables fixedly fixed to the first and third modules and freely supported by blocks mounted on the middle module. The spatial position of the racks is changed by turning any module except the reference one.

The proposed technical solution is described by the following graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows the transformable rack of the proposed building structure in an upright position.

Figure 2 shows the support module of the proposed building structure.

On figa, 2b, 2c shows options for immutable modules of the proposed building structure, in addition to the reference.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the installation of connections between the elements of the racks of the proposed building structure.

Figure 4, 4a shows possible solutions that ensure the rotation of the first module of the proposed building structure relative to the hinge of the supporting module.

Figures 5, 5a show variants of a transformable rack of the proposed building structure in inclined positions.

Fig.6, 6a shows an example of a possible application of the proposed building structure.

The proposed technical solution consists of transformable racks capable of changing their position in space as necessary during operation.

The transformed rack (Fig. 1) consists of a series of unchanged modules 1, pivotally connected to each other in nodes 2. The modules consist of one or two spacers 5, supported by articulated supports or connected to the beam 3 (Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c )

Each triple of sequentially located modules (Fig. 1) forms a group united by two cables 4 _iл and 4 _iп , where i is the number of the middle module in the group, considering the reference module zero. The cables 4 _iil and 4 _{ip are} fixedly fixed for the first module in the group at points A _{(i-1) l} and A _{(i-1) p} , as well as for the third module in the group at points C _ip and C _il , respectively. Also, these cables, 4 _iL and 4 _iP , are freely supported by the blocks of the second (middle) module in this group at the points D _iI , B _iP and D _iIp , B _iI, respectively.

To ensure the geometric immutability of the proposed transformable design, it is necessary to combine two adjacent racks by ties 6, 7 and 8 (Fig. 3), and also secure from rotation any of the modules except the reference one.

The transformation of the proposed building structure is carried out by turning any of the modules, except the reference one, relative to the hinge connecting this module with the previous (lower) one. It is most advisable to rotate the first module closest to the zero mark. Turning can be done in various ways, for example, by installing the drive in unit 2a (Fig. 1), as well as using guy rods 40 l and 40p (Fig. 4) or 40 (Fig. 4a) and one or two tensioners 9 or 9a.

The rotation of the proposed design can be made both clockwise and in the opposite direction (FIGS. 5 and 5a). The coating elements 10 should be placed on the "zero line" of the proposed design, or on surfaces that do not change their size (Fig.5 and 5A). It is possible to place coating elements from flexible tent materials on the outer surfaces of the transformable structure, provided that the necessary material compensators (not shown) are provided.

The proposed technical solution can be used to cover the internal areas 11a (Fig.6) of various structures completely separated from the external environment for a certain period of time, or to protect the territory 11b adjacent to the structure from the direct influence of precipitation and solar radiation (Fig. 6a).

Work (transformation) of the proposed building structure can be performed, for example, as follows. One of the tightening devices 9 (Fig. 4) pulls the cable 40p, while the second device 9 synchronously releases the cable 40l. This leads to the rotation of the first module 1 relative to the hinge 2 (figure 1) clockwise. As a result, the block D _1p moves down the cable 4 _1p , which reduces the length of the section D _1p -A _0p and lengthens the section of the cable C _1l - _1l . Also, the block D _1l moves up the cable 4 _1l , which leads to an extension of the section D _1l -A _0l and a decrease in the section of the cable C _1p -B _1p . As a result, the next module in a row moves and rotates, etc.

To maintain the proposed building structure a certain unchanged position in space, it is necessary to fix the cables 4 _0l and 4 _0p with the help of the clamping elements 9.

The advantages of the technical solution proposed in this invention include the following:

- ease of operation of the system, as to transfer the structure from one equilibrium state to another and to maintain the achieved equilibrium state, tension (or fixation) of the cables of only one tier (module) is required;

- the possibility of overlapping rectangular in terms of buildings and structures;

- the lack of necessary internal supports favors the free layout in the blocked structure;

- increased reliability, since in the system at all stages of transformation from one position to another there are no mounting gaps in the nodes.

Information sources

1. A.S. 400677 USSR, E04B 1/345. Pneumatic arch / A.N. Kulnev (USSR), 11/23/1971.

2. A.S. 1081312 USSR, Е04С 3/10. Pre-stressed lattice structure / V.V. Gorev, S.N. Kosykh, V.V. Mikhailov (USSR), 10/01/1982.

3. Pat. 4284094 USA, E04B 1/344, E04H 15/48, E04H 15/34, E04B 001/32, E04B 001/347, E04B 001/344, E04B 007/10. Tent structure with support arches / R. Behrend (Germany), 06.25.1979.

4. Pat. 4325207 USA, E04G 11/00, E04G 21/18, E04B 1/32, E04G 11/48, E04B 7/08, E04B 1/35, E04B 001/32, E04C 003/46. Arch forming assembly / L. Russell et al. (Canada), 05/02/1980.

5. Pat. 4373305 USA, E04B 1/344, E04B 1/32, E04C 3/38, E04B 001/32, E04C 003/46. Arch forming structure / L. Russell (Canada), 02/06/1981.

6. Pat. 7533498 USA, E04B 1/34, E04H 15/00. Mechanically deployable expandable and collapsible structure and method for deploying a structure / T.R. Zeigler, 02/18/2004.

7. A.c. 1609927 USSR, E04H 15/48, E04F 10/10. Shelter / B.C. Chernokhaev (USSR), 02/11/1988.

8. Pat. 4977713 USA, A01G 9/24, E04B 1/346, E04B 1/18, E04B 1/344, E04B 1/343, E04B 1/32, E04B 7/16, E04H 3/14, E04H 3/16, E04B 001 / 346. Convertible and reversible solar shed or ceiling / S. M. Zveibil (Brazil), 07.28.1989.

9. Pat. 2331744 RF, E04F 10/10, E04B 1/32. Transformable coating / V.N. Grebnev, Y.V. Grebnev, V.G. Rybakov (RF), December 11, 2006. (Prototype).

Claims (1)

Transformable building structure containing racks, transformable in space and consisting of immutable modules interconnected using cables, characterized in that unchanged modules consisting of spacers and beams are pivotally interconnected, and each triple of modules in series are connected by two cables fixedly fixed to the first and third modules and freely resting on the blocks mounted on the middle module, while changing the spatial position of the racks about zvoditsya turn any module except the reference.

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