RU2527726C2 - Combined sand jet-water extinguishing forest fires from air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method of combined sand jet-water extinguishing forest fires from the air due to the use of local materials and purposeful fire extinguishing only at points of contact of with burning crowns with non-burning crowns of neighbouring trees is a mobile in time of starting the whole process of fire extinguishing due to the ubiquitous proximity of consumables. According to the proposed method, the formation of sand jets occurs automatically due to the lifting height and weight of the thrown sand. The water thrown then to the remaining sources of fire with less heat liberation is used without loss by evaporation in the air directly to cool crowns, including those fallen to the ground, which ensures high efficiency of extinguishing forest fires. The extinguished area of spread of fire in the form of a band with no means of transmission of fire is a barrier for spreading fire from the ongoing passive afterburning of the isolated part of the forest.

EFFECT: improved method.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means and methods for safe, effective extinguishing of forest fires.

Application. To extinguish forest fires using local materials, with direct impact on the zone of active spread of fire.

Goal. Effective safe protection of forests from annual wildfire, saving money on expensive aircraft, reducing the cost of transportation from remote places of water intake by air.

Essence. A fundamentally new technology has been developed to extinguish forest fires with locally available materials according to the direct version: a warehouse, a container with a dosing attachment, a helicopter for transportation and lifting to a safe height, a metered discharge at the beginning of sand, and then water to the contact zone of fire with crowns of nearby trees, t .e. directly to the riding fire propagation medium, provides the effectiveness of extinguishing forest fires.

An analysis of the implementation of research, development and inventions in our country and abroad indicates the lack of work to improve fire fighting equipment and methods. Therefore, there is no analogue and prototype for the functional and technical comparison of our developments.

The existing fire fighting system in our country and abroad boils down to dropping water from an airplane onto ascending currents of hot air without the proper result for the following reasons:

1. Places of water intake by B-200 aircraft from a safe sea surface are thousands of kilometers away from discharge points, therefore, the estimated turnaround time for re-discharge of water is more than two hours depending on the distance, which is unacceptable for the extinction process to be uninterrupted due to the selection of the vaporized water heat generated by combustible forest.

2. A disproportion with a multiple excess of the heat generated by the combustible forest over the possibilities of its repayment due to the evaporation of water brought in by planes reduces the quenching process to negligible efficiency.

3. The dumped water tanks into the wind at a speed equal to the plane’s speed of 90 meters per second are instantly crushed into microparticles, which, when deposited on ascending red-hot air flows, instantly evaporate, do not reach the surface of the fire, which means that the whole process of extinguishing a fire is imaginary and inactive .

     Based on the foregoing, an unequivocal conclusion is determined that the established system for extinguishing forest fires with water from airplanes does not work, and this is shown by practice in our country and abroad and is flawed and wasteful. In addition to appearances on television, this method gives no results.

Our invention provides a fundamentally new solution to the problem, consisting in the use of local materials of the force of gravity of the earth for the necessary speed of mechanical impact, the sand discharged onto the flammable crown of trees with the subsequent discharge of water at a low temperature and complete safety of the quenching process due to the remote control of the metered discharge of sand and water from the helicopter cockpit at a safe height.

The developed solution to the problem is presented as an invention and is described in detail with the names and digital designations of the elements in the drawings. The invention is illustrated by figures 1, 2, 3, 4.

Figure 1. The layout of the fire zone with the indication of the main devices and objects.

Figure 2. The location of the first helicopter in the stage of dumping sand into the zone of spread of fire.

Figure 3. The location of the second helicopter in the stage of discharge of water into the zone of repayment of the remaining fires.

Figure 4. The scheme of the region and the relative position of the main objects in the system of forest protection from fires.

Digital designations and names of elements in figures 1,2,3,4.

1 - Plot of burning forest.

2 - Active zone of propagation of riding fire.

3 Location of the first helicopter with a container of sand.

4 - Location of the second helicopter with a container of water.

5 - Forest area not damaged by fire.

6 - Location of spare filled containers.

7 - Location of empty containers.

8 - The position of the first helicopter at a safe height

9 - Radially ribbed dispenser for automatic spreading of sand and water.

10 - Lifting height of hot air before extinguishing.

11 - The space of falling sand on the crown of burning trees and on neighboring non-burning.

12 - The height of the incandescent air after dumping the sand and the natural burning of the crown.

13 - The space of discharge of water on outstanding fires.

14 - Safe height of the first helicopter with a metered discharge of sand.

15 - The safe height of the helicopter with metered discharge of water.

16 - Regional management.

17, 18, 19 - Warehouses of sand for refueling containers and the place of collection of water in containers.

20, 21, 22, 23 - Variants of places of possible forest tanning.

24 - The distance from the district sand and container storage to a possible place of fire.

25 - The distance from the control center and from the helicopter base to the regional warehouse.

The sequence of actions for extinguishing forest fires according to the developed technology.

After receiving a signal about a fire for example, in paragraph (20) from the control center (16), an order is given to the commander of the helicopter detachment about the time of departure to the nearest regional base (17) behind containers with sand and water (6) and to the place of fire (20) with subsequent delivery to the area of the field arrangement of containers (6) and (7). A site for field-based containers is selected by the commander directly on the spot in the area (20).

The first helicopter (3) with a container with sand is brought to a safe height (14) and performs a metered discharge of sand from position (8) from the side of the beginning of the zone of active spread of fire.

A directed discharge of sand falling with acceleration from the force of gravity of the earth knocks a burning crown from the branches of trees (1) in the zone of active contact with neighboring non-burning trees. (5)

After the departure of the first helicopter (3) further along the extinguishing front, the second helicopter (4) with a container at a lower height at a lower temperature enters the vacated area for a dosed accurate discharge of water to the remaining burning foci.

Such a helicopter duet continues to work on the entire front of the spread of fire until it is fully extinguished.

During the extinguishing of the fire by the first and second helicopters, the other helicopters transport empty containers (7) and deliver filled (6) in sufficient quantities for the continuous process of extinguishing a forest fire.

Claims (1)

The method of combined sandblast-water extinguishing of forest fires from the air due to the primary mechanical separation and the removal of the burning crown with metered, rapidly falling sand from containers held at a safe height by helicopter above the direct contact zone of fire with the crowns of neighboring trees, followed by the extinction of the remaining fires, similarly , a metered discharge of water from the container from another helicopter provides fire extinguishing in the active zone and blocking the further spread of fire extinguished strip t isolated naturally the dying timber portion.

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