RU2525638C1 - Method of evaluating visual-motor reaction to movement of object in space - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method employs a device in the form of a stand with two telescopic posts with induction sensors. A metal sphere moves on a channel at an angle of 5° and when the sphere passes the first induction sensor, an electrical signal is generated which triggers an electric stopwatch, and when the sphere passes the second induction sensor, the stopwatch stops. The second induction sensor is turned off and the test subject stops the stopwatch at the moment of seeing the sphere cross the finishing line by pressing a button. The reading of the stopwatch is the visual-motor reaction time. From 50 to 100 tests are carried out, which include recording all attempts by a test subject, including premature pressing of the button, constructing a personal bar chart for each test subject and selecting a standard criterion for evaluating and comparing the visual-motor reaction.

EFFECT: method increases accuracy and objectivity of evaluating visual-motor reaction to movement of an object in space.

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Description

The invention relates to any field where an assessment of a person’s visuomotor reaction to a moving object is required, and may find application in medical, psychological, physiological, sports, transport and aerospace practice.

The visual-motor reaction (ZMR) of a person to a moving object depends on the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex. The better a person has ZMR, the more chances he has of showing the best achievements in sports games, such as basketball, volleyball, football, tennis, etc., as well as timely making the right decision in dangerous situations when driving vehicles (automobile, railway, air and water). ZMR assessment is important in neurology, because with some neurological diseases, ZMR slows down. In neurology, an akinetopsia syndrome is described in which the patient does not perceive the movement of an object in space and therefore can be exposed to various dangers, for example, when crossing a street with car traffic.

Unlike a simple visual reaction, for example, to a flash of light, ZMR is considered complex, its parameters are specific to the conditions of the experiment in which it is determined.

There is a method of testing the speed of the visual-motor reaction to assess the function of the visual analyzer (Bondarenko P.I., Chekhovsky A.L. Testing the speed of complex visual-motor reaction: the Tricolor program, Collection of articles with materials from the proceedings of the 1st international teleconference “Problems” and prospects of modern medicine, biology and ecology. ”“ Basic sciences and practice ”, 2010, volume 1, No. 1) using a PC screen on which it is necessary to fix any light object (ball, figure, point) using a special of device (button, button, pedal). The development is based on the method of color campimetry. The light object changes color (red, blue, green), size and location on the screen. In the corner of the screen there are three lines of different colors, one of which the subject presses when a color stimulus appears on the screen and using the special tricolor test program they determine the speed of the visual-motor reaction. Up to 30 different stimuli are offered, and then the average ZMR time for each color is calculated taking into account the existing errors. The disadvantage of this method can be considered the presence of a long light load on the eyes from the monitor screen. In contrast to it, in the proposed method, the measurement of ZMR takes place in natural conditions in three-dimensional space (not on the screen) with one moving object, which does not create a strain on the eyes and most adequately corresponds to real conditions (catching the ball in sports games, reaction to vehicle movement )

As a prototype, we considered a method in which a simulator device is used in the form of a stand located on a table, and the movement of the object (in this case, a ball descending along an inclined trough is used as an object) occurs in three-dimensional space (Patent No. 2467678 “Assessment Method speed of hand-eye reaction and a simulator device for its implementation "). The subject's task is to press the button when the ball passes at the level of the target mark, while the subject stops the stopwatch. Premature button presses are not registered. The time measured by the stopwatch is the magnitude of the visual-motor reaction. In contrast to the proposed method, the disadvantage that affects the accuracy of determining the ZMR is the lack of registration of premature button presses. In this case, there is no objective assessment of the accuracy of ZMR, since only the time of its delay is recorded. To achieve the accuracy of measuring any reaction, it is necessary to measure all the parameters of the subject’s response - both his lag and the lead time of the stimulus (ball) passing the target mark (“finish line”).

The technical result of the proposed method lies in the objectivity of assessing the visual-motor reaction to the movement of an object in space and increasing its accuracy.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that to assess the visual-motor reaction to the movement of an object in space, the test subject visually observes a moving object and responds to the passage of the object through the “finish target” by pressing a button, while a metal ball moving along the gutter passing through the gutter is used as an object of observation sequentially through two induction sensors, the first - starting the electric stopwatch and the second, located at the level of the "finish alignment", stopping the stopwatch at the time it is passed I, setting the standard time To the ball passing the distance between the two sensors, then the second induction sensor is turned off, and the subject stops the stopwatch at the moment the ball passes the “finish line” by pressing the button, such repetitions are carried out from 50 to 100, after which the obtained number Tx compared with the standard time That the ball travels the distance between two sensors, calculates the difference between them: ΔTi = Tx-To, build for each subject an individual histogram of the number of hits N in% of the total To take into account the repeats in the time intervals To ± 10 ms, To ± 20 ms and further to To ± 100 ms, the values ΔTi> To + 100 ms are considered as “skip”, and the values ΔTi <To-100 ms are considered as “ false alarm ”and they are not taken into account in the assessment, and in the presence of a histogram with a pronounced narrow maximum in the intervals from To ± 10 ms to To ± 30 ms, the visual-motor response is evaluated as accurate — the coincidence of the moment of pressing the button at the level of the“ final alignment ” ”, And in the presence of a histogram with intervals> To ± 30 ms, the visual-motor reaction is assessed as not accurate - the moment mismatch and the contact of pressing a button at the level of the “finish line”, while the predominance of accurate answers indicates a high functional state of the nervous system, and the number of hits N in the interval To ± 30 ms as a percentage of the total number of considered repeats is taken as a measure of “accuracy” visually motor response and compared in different subjects.

The method is as follows.

To assess the visual-motor reaction to the movement of an object in space, use the device in the form of a stand according to patent No. 2467678. Moreover, this device is additionally equipped with two telescopic racks with induction sensors (ID).

The installation for assessing the speed of the visual-motor reaction (Fig. 1) is located on the table and consists of two vertical struts-supports 1 in the form of rigid metal gratings 40 cm high, the distance between which is 75 cm. Metal guides with a gutter 2 are fixed on them. a metal ball (3) with a diameter of 2.5 cm rolls freely into the chute 2 at an angle of 5 degrees. There are two movable telescopic racks (8) and (9) mounted on supports, at the upper end of which rectangular frames (4) and (5 - this frame is the “finish target” ). A chute with a rolling ball freely passes inside the frames. Figure 2 shows a frame on a telescopic support 1 with a sensor 2 (ID), which is inserted into the upper part of each frame, as well as a schematic representation of the groove 4 and ball 3. When the ball passes through the first frame (4) (Fig. 1) ID mounted on it, generates an electrical signal that starts the electric stopwatch, and the second sensor, mounted on the second frame (5), stops the stopwatch at the moment the ball passes through the “finish target”, or when it is turned off, the subject presses button 7 at the moment the ball passes through “Finish target”, pr and this records the time the ball travels the distance between the two sensors. The control panel (6) is located on the table and it can be moved to create the most convenient position of the subject’s hand for pressing the button.

To assess the visual-motor reaction to the movement of an object in space, use the following procedure:

1. Calibration - which is carried out without the participation of the subject. Ball 3 (Fig. 1) freely slides down the chute 2. The measured ID time of the ball passing the path between the two frames (4 and 5) is denoted as To - the standard travel time.

2. Experiment: the second ID on the frame (5) is turned off and instead the stopwatch is stopped with the button (7), which is pressed by the test subject (Is) when the ball passes through the “finish target”. The measured time is indicated as Tx.

3. An experimental session, which consists of 50-100 retests. Each time, the difference ΔTi = Tx-To is recorded. ΔTi can have both a (+) sign, in this case the button was pressed later than the moment the ball actually passed through the “finish target”, and the (-) sign, respectively, the test person in this case, presses the button earlier than this moment. The resulting ΔTi> (To + 100 ms) values are considered a “skip”, and ΔTi <(To-100 ms) values are considered a “false alarm” and are not taken into account further.

Based on the results of the session, for each IS, a histogram of the number of hits N in the time intervals ΔTi is constructed: To ± 10 ms, To ± 20 ms, etc. up to To ± 100 ms. A histogram with a well-defined narrow maximum (To ± 10) will indicate a high accuracy of the ZMR of the test subject to the standard ball transit time To, i.e. the speed of ZMR, and a histogram with an implicit maximum (To ± 40 ms) and higher will indicate a poor perception of the movement of the subjects. Figure 3 shows histograms of the distribution of the responses of the subjects when measuring ZMR. The upper histogram is the answers of an experienced tennis player with a high game rating. The lower histogram is the responses of a teenager with normal visual-motor development, but with a noticeable reading impairment (dyslexia) identified at school.

Count the number of hits of the value N (%) in the interval To ± 30 ms (as a percentage of the total number of tests taken into account). This number is taken as a measure of "ZMR Accuracy" - A. Comparing A in different subjects, we can evaluate which of them responds better to an object moving in space.

We measured the speed of ZMR on this installation of a group of tennis players of different levels (beginners, experienced amateurs and champions at tournaments of various levels, including the Russian championship for veterans (8 people)) and constructed a graph of the dependence of ΔTi values on the duration of practicing tennis in years (Fig. four). The lower curve is the percentage of accurate answers in the vicinity of the “finish line” in the range of -10 +10 ms. The upper curve is the same for a wider range of -30 +30 ms. It can be seen that the accuracy of estimating the moment the ball passes the “finish line” the higher, the more experienced the tennis player and the higher his rating as a player. This dependence is close to linear. This means that the speed of ZMR can be maintained and developed through regular training. And this distinguishes the measurement of ZMR speed by the proposed method from the time of a simple visual reaction, which is on average 180 ms and only slows down with age.

Example:

In the experiment on this installation, the speed of the ZMR is measured by the masters of sports in tennis, the champion of Russia in veterans L.P. In the range of -30 +30 ms, it gave 74% of hits ("accuracy" of the ZMR, parameter A) compared to 40-50% of hits from other experienced tennis players and compared to 30-40% of hits from beginner tennis players.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the visual-motor reaction to the movement of an object in space, namely, that the subject visually observes a moving object and reacts to the passage of the object through the “finish target” by pressing a button, characterized in that a metal ball moving along the gutter is used as the object of observation passing sequentially through two induction sensors, the first - starting the electric stopwatch and the second, located at the level of the "finish line", stopping the stopwatch at the time of its passage , setting the standard time Then the ball travels the distance between the two sensors, then the second induction sensor is turned off, and the test person stops the stopwatch at the moment the ball passes the “finish line” by pressing the button, such repetitions are carried out from 50 to 100, after which the obtained number Tx is compared with the standard time To passing the distance between two sensors by a ball, calculate the difference between them: ΔTi = Tx-To, construct for each subject an individual histogram of the number of hits N in% of the total number counted repeats in the time intervals To ± 10 ms, To + 20 ms and further to the values To ± 100 ms, while the values ΔTi> To + 100 ms are considered as “skip”, and the values ΔTi <To-100 ms are considered as “false” anxiety ”and they are not taken into account in the assessment, and in the presence of a histogram with a pronounced narrow maximum in the intervals from To ± 10 ms to To ± 30 ms, the visual-motor reaction is evaluated as accurate — the coincidence of the moment the button was pressed at the level of the“ final alignment ” and in the presence of a histogram with intervals> To ± 30 ms, the visual-motor reaction is assessed as not accurate - the moment mismatch to the ontact of pressing the button at the “finish line” level, while the prevalence of accurate answers indicates a high functional state of the nervous system, and the number of hits N in the interval To ± 30 ms as a percentage of the total number of considered repeats is taken as a measure of the “accuracy” of the visual-motor reactions and are compared in different subjects.

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