RU2524990C1 - Method of increasing digestibility of nutrients of diets for cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feeding cattle. The method is characterised by addition to the diet containing hay of mixed grass, the oat haylage, compound feed, frozen green feed - cryo-feed which reduces the indicator of loss of feed quality to 1-5% and activates the metabolic processes in the body of animals.

EFFECT: embodiment of the invention provides increased digestibility and improved nutrient intake in cattle diets, facilitates activation of metabolism in the body and energy metabolism efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feeding cattle.

There is a method of increasing the eatability and degree of use of dry matter, as well as increasing carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral nutrition by adding a feed mixture to the diet (RF patent for the invention No. 2212819, (46) 09/27/2003, bull. No. 27). However, the feed mixture for animals containing green plants in the form of a paste, concentrates, straw, preservative and zeolite, according to the invention additionally contains hay, beet molasses, table salt, vitamins A, D, E, B ₁ , B ₂ and trace elements salts - copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese. To increase the eatability and the degree of use of dry matter in the diet of animals, a carbon ammonium salt is used as a preservative, which helps to enrich the mixture with nitrogen. As a binder, beet molasses is used, which is the source of sugar that is missing in the animal feed mixture. At the same time, the palatability of the feed mixture for animals improves, and eatability increases. The invention is intended for feed production, there is no information on the use of the feed mixture to improve the productive qualities of farm animals.

A known method of preparation of feed mixtures, including mixing crushed roughage, succulent voluminous feed, root crops, concentrated feed, nutrient solutions and additives (RF patent for the invention No. 21725590, publ. 27.08.2001, bull. No. 24). With the specified method of preparation of feeds, low eatability and digestibility of feeds in animals are observed. However, there is no information on the use of mineral feed additives to increase the digestibility of feed.

A known method of harvesting green forage, mainly in the Far North, consisting of sowing fodder crops at a later date and their harvesting when negative temperatures equal to -5 ° -7 ° C are established, while the green mowed feed is pressed into small bales with snow content at a temperature of (-10 ° C) - (- 13 ° C) (SU patent for invention No. 1835996, IPC ⁵ A01D 91/04, publ. 08.23.1993). Bales are stored at a temperature of (-20 ° C) - (- 22) ° C. The invention is intended for feed production, there is no information on the use of the claimed method for improving the productive qualities of farm animals.

A method for the production of green feed is proposed, comprising mixing seeds with zeolite, the size of which does not exceed the size of the seeds, in an amount of 1-10% of the initial weight of the seeds. An electroaerosol containing anthelmintic is applied to a mixture of seeds and zeolite (RF patent for the invention No. 2241344, publ. 10.12.2004, bull. No. 34). The use of this method allows to improve the digestion of animals, their general condition, but also to heal helminthiases, which improves the quality of products. However, there is no evidence of the use of green feed to increase digestibility of feed.

The basis of the invention is the task of developing a method for increasing the digestibility of nutrients in diets, and, as a result, improving the safety of nutrients in diets, and increasing the productivity of cattle.

The technical result of the invention is a method of increasing the digestibility of nutrients of cattle feed by adding canned green fodder to the diet. At the same time, frozen green food is introduced into the diet — cryo-feed, which has the lowest rate of feed quality loss of up to 1-5%.

One of the available ways of vitamin nutrition of farm animals is the production of natural vitamin feeds in the use of green cryo-feed - an environmentally friendly, highly nutritious green feed using natural cold as a preservative in the conditions of Yakutia.

During lactation, the nature and intensity of the processes associated with the formation of milk undergo significant changes. Productive cows are especially in great need of energy in the first period after calving, when the nutritional value of the diet does not cover the energy spent on milk synthesis. In this regard, at the beginning of lactation, cows often have a significant energy deficit, to cover which the body intensively uses the reserves of nutrients deposited in the body. At the same time, due to tissue reserves, up to half of the energy costs for the synthesis of milk can be covered (Kalashnikov A.P. et al., 1985).

The use of cryo-feed in the winter will make it possible to fill the deficit in the general and vitamin nutrition of local diets. Frozen green food (cryo-feed) is universal and has the lowest rate of feed quality loss of up to 1-5%. Due to the action of cold, the sugar content in it increases to 20%, carotene - up to 155 mg / kg. The use of cryo-feed in the diets of cows has a pronounced anabolitic nature of the course of metabolic processes (Dril I.V., Volkov M.Yu., 2010).

According to the Yakut Republican Agrochemical Laboratory, cryo-feed in the air-dry state exceeds hay: for carotene by 20.4 times; by feed units 1.74 times; digestible protein 4.2 times; for sugar, green cryo-feed has no equal among all types of feed. The yield of cryo feed ranges from 60 to 140 kg / ha, cultivated from annual fodder crops: oats, peas, rape, etc.

Improving the biological usefulness of preventive feeding can be achieved through the use of highly productive winter-green seeded fodder land from perennial and annual grasses.

The technical result of the application of this method leads to increased digestibility and increased consumption of all nutrients in the diet. This is due to the fact that the efficiency of using the exchange energy of the feed depends on the nature of its conversion in the rumen, which is largely determined by the composition of the feed. Therefore, the relationship between the introduction of cryo-feed into the diet of experimental animals and the nature of cicatricial metabolism in ruminants is important.

The use of cryo-feed increases the digestibility of nutrients in the diet, while contributing to an increase in milk production of dairy cows.

Experiments on the digestibility of feed nutrients are carried out according to the generally accepted methodology (Ovsyannikov A.I., 1976) with an exact account of the amount of feed and feces eaten. Based on the data of weight and feces, the amount of nutrients consumed with food and excreted in feces is determined. The difference determines the amount of digested substances.

The ratio of the digested portion to the total amount of nutrients consumed with the feed, expressed as a percentage, is the digestibility coefficients of the feed nutrients.

In order to study the effect of green food - cryo-feed - on the digestibility of nutrients in diets, a physiological experiment is carried out on 9 cows (three heads in each group).

Duration of the experiment: preparatory period - 3 days, accounting - 7 days. Sampling of feed and their residues for analysis is carried out according to the generally accepted method daily for each animal. Selected samples are immediately weighed and dried in ovens.

Digestibility of nutrients during a physiological experiment in the diet within the norms of feeding dairy cows (Table 1).

Table 1 Diet of dairy cows of Simmental breed (on average per 1 head) Indicator Group Control I-experienced II experienced Grass hay, kg 7.0 7.0 7.0 Oat haylage, kg 11,4 6.5 6.2 Cryocorm, kg - 7.7 10.0 Compound feed, kg 3.0 3.0 2,5 Table salt, g 65.0 65.0 65.0 The diet contains: ECE 11.8 12.3 12.3 OE, MJ 118.9 123.0 123.0 SV, kg 11.6 14.1 14.9 PP, g 1274.9 1159.4 1135.3 SK, g 3804.1 3797.1 3953.2 SJ, g 243.5 312.8 322.5 Sugar, g 549.8 621.9 641.2 Calcium g 122.26 106.79 102.22 Phosphorus, g 47.9 47.4 45.5 Carotene, mg 562.5 713.0 804.5 The structure of the diet% nutritional value: Mixed grass thirty thirty thirty Oat haylage 40 23 22 Cryocorm - 17 22 Compound feed thirty thirty 26 ECE concentration in 1 kg CB 0.86 0.89 0.87 Perev. protein per 1 ECE, g 108,0 94.2 92.3

The introduction of cryo-feed into the diet for experimental groups of animals increases the consumption of dry matter by 28.7%, organic matter by 27.7% and crude fiber by 26.6% (Table 2).

table 2 Actual nutrient intake by cows (per 1 head per day, g) Indicator Group Control I-experienced II experienced Dry matter 11633.7 14151.8 14975.2 Organic matter 12538.3 15153.1 16023.6 Crude protein 1052.7 1077.1 1121.3 Crude fat 308.7 377.0 396.2 Crude fiber 3613.4 4256.4 4577.5 Bev 6590.2 8453.4 8948.7

Based on the results of individual accounting of the given feeds and their residues, the amount of excreted feces and their chemical composition, the digestibility coefficients of the nutrients of the feed rations are calculated (Table 3).

Table 3 Coefficients of digestibility of nutrients of diets,% (M ± m) Indicator Group Control I experienced II experienced Dry matter 65.95 ± 1.12 69.02 ± 1.30 73.06 ± 0.59 Organic matter 67.85 ± 1.12 70.88 ± 1.12 74.57 ± 3.88 Crude protein 60.08 ± 5.38 62.45 ± 3.23 69.72 ± 2.41 Crude fat 76.50 ± 0.54 80.62 ± 3.34 82.61 ± 0.96 Crude fiber 54.54 ± 1.55 56.47 ± 0.62 61.46 ± 0.56 Bev 75.66 ± 0.54 79.12 ± 0.88 81.49 ± 0.45

In experiments on the content of digestible nutrients of diets, the ratios of nutrients vary in the following ranges,%: dry matter - 65.95 ... 73.06, organic matter - 67.85 ... 74.57, crude protein - 60.08 ... 69.72 , crude fat - 76.50 ... 82.61, BEV - 75.66 ... 81.49.

In cows of the II experimental group, where 22% of nutrition was obtained in the dietary structure, the protein digestibility ratios were higher by 9.64% than in the control and 7.27% than in the I experimental group.

Consequently, feeding cryo feed to dairy cows activated the metabolic processes in the body and, on the whole, had a positive effect on the efficiency of energy metabolism.

Thus, the introduction of green food - cryo-feed - in the diet of cattle leads to an increase in the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed and an increase in the consumption of all its nutrients.

Claims (1)

A way to increase the digestibility of nutrients in cattle diets, characterized by the inclusion of mixed grass hay, oat hay, mixed fodder, frozen green fodder - cryo-feed, which reduces the rate of feed quality loss by 1-5% and activates the metabolic processes in the animal body.