RU2524914C2 - Hypothermic blanket for hurt people with traumatic injuries of various localisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: to solve the set task we claim hypothermic blanket for hurt people with traumatic injuries of various localisation in form of device from blended fabric of orange colour, consisting of 5 valves: for head with dimensions 300×550 mm with oval hole with dimensions 200×150 mm for patients face; for chest organs with dimensions 300×550 mm; for organs of abdominal cavity with dimensions 300×550 mm; for pelvic bones, organs of pelvis minor and hips with dimensions 500×550 mm; for shins and feet with dimensions 500×550 mm. Application of valve principle makes it possible to realise cryotherapy locally on particular injured zone and remove valve in zone of performed operation. Valves are provided with fixation pockets, with dimensions 130×130 mm, for submerging hemostatic cryopackets (with dimensions 120×120 mm). Fixation of hypothermic blanket to mattress is performed by means of straps (300 mm long, 20 mm wide), which are fixed on four different angles of each valve. Fixation of valves to each other is performed by means of straps (550 mm long, 20 mm wide), which are fixed on upper and lower extreme ends of valve.

EFFECT: total weight of device with hypothermic packets constitutes 3500 g, which makes it possible to equip emergency teams, ambulance aircraft, operating rooms, resuscitation and intensive care chambers with them.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of emergency medical care, surgery, resuscitation, and is intended to provide local hypothermic effects on the zone of traumatic injury to the body of the victim with skeletal injury, traumatic damage to the organs of the abdominal and chest cavity, retroperitoneal space, brain and spinal cord. The cover can be used in ambulances, ambulance vehicles, operating rooms, intensive care wards and intensive care units.

Injury refers to a complex medical and social problem (Farhatov A.Z. Road traffic injuries as a medical and social problem [Text] / A.Z. Farhatov // Dis .... for the degree of candidate of medical science. - Ufa . - 2000. - 414 p.) Due to the threatening growth rate of the number and types of injuries, the high proportion of mortality and disability (Prigornev, VB Healthcare of the Far East at the turn of the century: problems and prospects [Text] / V.B Prigornev, VO Shchepin, VG Dyachenko, etc. // Khabarovsk: Publishing House of the Far Eastern State Medicines retirement homes University -. 2003 - 368).. In the ambulance, operating room, intensive care unit and intensive care unit, complications in the form of bleeding, hemorrhagic and pain shock are possible, therefore, the feasibility of providing local therapeutic hypothermic effect in the area of injured organs is not in doubt (Abakumov, M.M. Diagnostic and definition features of rational therapeutic tactics in case of closed combined abdominal trauma [Text] / MM Abakumov, NV Lebedev, VI Malyarchuk // Russian Medical Journal - 2003. - No. 2. - P.17-20 )

As a prototype, we used the ASTOPAD SYSTEM heating blanket for the operating table manufactured by Stihier Electronic GmbH (Germany) (a detailed description is available on the website: www.stihlerelectronic.de). The ASTOPAD SYSTEM warming blanket is a mild system for the prevention of hypothermia in patients in intensive care wards, postoperative wards, operating units and other departments of clinics. A warming blanket provides a temperature from + 32 ° C to + 39 ° C.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

1. The “ASTOPAD SYSTEM” warming blanket is intended for the prevention of hypothermia and it does not allow, if necessary, the hypothermic effect on traumatic patients.

2. Operation of the ASTOPAD SYSTEM heating blanket involves the use of electricity, which is often excluded in extreme situations (wartime, emergency situations and disasters).

3. In extreme situations, the use of electronic parts for monitoring the temperature of the ASTOPAD SYSTEM heating blanket can be excluded or lead to uncontrolled high-temperature effects on the body due to electromagnetic interference, interruptions in power supply, peak loads in power networks.

The objective of the study: to offer a hypothermic blanket devoid of the above disadvantages.

The technical result. The use of the recommended hypothermic blanket for local hypothermic exposure to areas of traumatic damage to the body of a victim with skeletal trauma, traumatic injuries of the abdominal and chest cavity, retroperitoneal space, brain and spinal cord, improves the prognosis of the disease, reduces the number of complications and mortality in traumatic patients.

The technical result is achieved using the proposed device.

The design features of the hypothermic blanket are as follows (Fig.): This device is an orange fabric mixed fabric surface consisting of 5 structural valves: a valve for the head, 300 × 550 mm in size (1) with an oval hole (200 × 150 mm in size) for the patient's face (2), a valve for the organs of the chest 300 × 550 mm in size (3), a valve for the organs of the abdominal cavity 300 × 550 mm in size (4), a valve for the pelvic bones, pelvic organs and hips 500 × 550 mm in size (5 ), valve for legs and feet with a size of 500 × 550 mm (6). Using the principle of the valve allows cryotherapy locally to a specific injured area and remove the valve in the area of the operation. The valves have fixation pockets (7) 130 × 130 mm in size, for immersing the TutKakTut hemostatic cryopackages 120 × 120 mm in size (TU9398-004-45342838-97, registration certificate “29/22031103/2606 from 03.03.2004) manufactured by LLC "Capital-Medical Technologies". The main property of the hypothermic package is the ability to cool tissues with a working temperature of 0 ° C. Hypothermic packages are installed and activated taking into account the localization of traumatic damage. The fixation of the hypothermic blanket to the mattress is carried out using tapes (length - 300 mm, width - 20 mm) (8), which are fixed at four different angles of each valve. The valves are fixed to each other using tapes (length -550 mm, width - 20 mm) (9), which are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the valve. The weight of the device, including valves with hypothermic bags - 3500 gr. The time of hypothermic exposure at a temperature of 0 ° C to the injured anatomical region of the patient is 30-60 minutes.

Mechanisms of action of cryotherapy.

Cryotherapeutic effect provides analgesic, bacteriostatic effect, antihypoxic and hemostatic effect, reduces traumatic edema, accelerates healing (repair) of affected tissues. There are specialized (reflexogenic) zones of peripheral skin areas, the irritation of which can cause a directed change in metabolism in a specific organ. Thermal receptors of the skin give electrical signals about a change in thermal equilibrium to the center of heat regulation, which leads to an increase in the release of the sympathetic mediator (adrenaline) - substances active against vessels. Such an increase in the level of adrenaline in the blood leads to wall tension and narrowing of larger peripheral arterial vessels. In addition to receptors, a temperature stimulus directly affects the smooth muscle fibers of the vascular wall. Their tone is enhanced by exposure to cold. Local cold exposure leads to a local slowdown in the level of metabolic processes in chilled tissues, reducing their consumption of oxygen and nutrients. Local application of cold reduces the rate of transport of substances across cell membranes. When cooling muscle tissue, a decrease in the activity of muscle spindles is noted, which reduces the likelihood of an additional displacement of the anatomical structures (Avramchenko A.A., Belkin A.A. Hypothermia. Practical recommendations. Overview of the problem / Ural Medical Journal. - 2007. - No. 1. - S.34-40).

Advantages of a hypothermic bedspread:

- Allows for targeted local hypothermic exposure, reducing the likelihood of complications in victims in the form of pain and hemorrhagic shock in intensive care wards, postoperative wards and operating rooms.

- The operation does not depend on sources of electrical energy, which allows the use of the device in an autonomous version.

- It does not have fragile structural parts, which excludes their destruction in extreme situations (wartime, emergency situations, disasters).

- It is not difficult to manufacture, has a simple design and a relatively low cost;

- It is made of material that is subject to sanitary treatment that is resistant to physical factors (mechanical, thermal, chemical), which protects the victim from additional damage.

Examples

1. Stegko Elena, 14 years old, arrival date 02/06/11, medical history No. 934, diagnosis: closed abdominal injury. Bruised liver, anterior abdominal wall. Injuries to the soft tissues of the face. Bruised lower lip wound. The outcome of the disease is safe.

2. Pestrikov Vladimir, 10 years old, date of arrival 04.03.10, medical history No. 1317, diagnosis: closed abdominal injury. Rupture of the spleen, intra-abdominal bleeding. The treatment is regarded as effective.

3. Tikhonov Ivan, 13 years old, arrival date 04/19/11, medical history No. 1733, diagnosis: catotrauma, closed abdominal trauma. Bruised abrasions of the face, lumbar region on the left, left upper limb. A course of rehabilitation measures with a good effect.

Claims (1)

Hypothermic blanket for victims with traumatic injuries of various localization, characterized in that it is an orange fabric mixed fabric device consisting of five anatomical valves: for the head 300 × 550 mm in size with an oval hole 200 × 150 mm in size for the patient’s face, for organs chest size 300 × 550 mm, for the abdominal cavity size 300 × 550 mm, for the pelvic bones, pelvic organs and thighs size 500 × 550 mm, for the legs and feet size 500 × 550 mm, the valves have fixation mana (size 130 × 130 mm) for immersing hemostatic cryopackages (size 120 × 120 mm), the hypothermic blanket is fixed on the side surfaces using tapes (length - 300 mm, width - 20 mm), which are fixed at four different angles of each valve , the valves are fixed to each other using tapes (length - 550 mm, width - 20 mm), which are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the valve.