RU2524512C2 - Cutting tool (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: cutting tool comprises insert connected with cooling plate provided with coolant passage. To up the insert durability, insert cutting edge is provided with ledges and recesses made there between. Cooling plate has face surfaces, grooves and bilks of face surface under face surface plane for connection with ledges and grooves on the insert. Coolant outlet boundaries composed by insert and grooves of cooling plate face surface are located between cutting edge and section of continuous contact with face surface chip. Note also that cooling plate face surface comprises surfaces shaped to wedge or blade, is connected with heat ducts and has ledges, recesses and bumpy elements. Note here that said ledges are composed of the angle formed by deviation of face surface from end surface and spaced from cutting edge for 0.2-1.5 mm.

EFFECT: higher durability of insert.

19 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention is used in the field of machining and relates to cutting tools, in particular to milling cutters, drills, turning tools, countersinks, boring and planing tools used with replaceable cutting inserts.

State of the art

The prototype is a well-known cutting tool containing a cutting insert and a chipbreaker with refrigerant holes (see US 4621547, IPC B23B 1/00; B23B 27/10; B23B 27/22, publ. 11.11.86).

Disadvantages:

- the refrigerant pressure after leaving the hole decreases due to the increase in space after leaving the hole;

- the cross-section perpendicular to the chipbreaker has an acute angle of the apex of the thresholds perceiving the initial impact of the chip. This leads to low resistance when exposed to chips, its friction, as well as low heat capacity and speed of heat removal from the chipbreaker thresholds. In this case, the acute angle of the thresholds is crushed or wiped and a recess is formed along which the refrigerant flow loses pressure, direction and increases the space connecting the outlet outlets to the atmosphere, which reduces the refrigerant pressure after exiting the opening, and the recess forms an obstacle to the outgoing chips and can lead to to a change in the direction of the chip under the chipbreaker, which will break it, as well as the notch of wear will create additional resistance to chip formation, which leads to overheating of the chip and cutting insert, and also a significant increase in friction, to low resistance when exposed to chips, its friction, as well as low heat capacity and speed of heat removal from thresholds near the cutting edge;

- the chipbreaker is already working with curved chips, and the front surface of the cutting edge, the heating of which adversely affects the heating of the cutting edge and its resistance, perceives the main pressure of the cut layer, while with very tight contact of the lower plane of the cut layer with the plane of the front surface, the refrigerant does not get to the area center pressure of the front surface chips, also no lubrication is performed;

- the chipbreaker does not participate in the shear of the sheared layer, which excludes its participation in cutting and the removal of part of the heat, pressure and friction from the cutting insert;

- the chipbreaker is in contact with one plane at the same time as the body and the cutting insert, which requires an ideal fit for tight pressing of the insert.

A known insert with protrusions formed in its angular region (see RU 2417664 C1, publ. 05/10/2011 Taegutek. LTD).

The disadvantage is the protrusions in the form of tuberous elements made on the front surface of the cutting edge. Their disadvantage is that they are part of the cutting insert, and from the friction of the chips, the received heat is absorbed into the cutting insert near the cutting edge, which overheats and loses its mechanical properties due to the received heat.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be obtained using the present invention is to increase the resistance of the cutting edge and mechanical properties, reduce pressure, friction, heat in the area of the center of pressure of the cut layer on the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting insert, reduce the limit of working heating of the cutting edge, increase refrigerant pressure under the shear layer, increasing the supply of cutting and cutting depth, improving the contact of the front and rear surfaces of the cutting edge with a cooling and lubricating medium, velicheniyu width cutting layer without loss of durability of the cutting edge, increasing the heat removal rate from the cutting edge, increasing the heat resistance.

The technical result is achieved by a cutting tool, which can be performed by the two presented options and is provided with identical principles of action.

The cutting tool of the first embodiment contains the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting insert made with protrusions and grooves between them, and the cooling plate is made with front surfaces, with grooves and arrays of the front surface below the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate for corresponding connection with the protrusions and grooves of the cutting plates, said grooves of the cutting and cooling plates are wedge-shaped and rectangular, and the grooves of the cooling plate are located on its base and on rtsakh, while the cooling plate is made with the possibility of shearing the sheared layer, and its front surface is made with the possibility of perceiving pressure, heat and friction of the sheared layer on the site of the center of pressure of the sheared layer and with the possibility of removing contact of the sheared layer from the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate the center of pressure of the shear layer,

the boundaries of the refrigerant outlets formed by the cutting insert and the grooves of the cooling plate on its front surface are located between the cutting edge and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface, and the front surface of the cooling plate contains surfaces in the form of a wedge and a blade, connected to heat pipes and has thresholds, valleys and tuberous elements, and the thresholds are made in the form of an angle formed by the deviation of the front surface from the end and are located from the cutting edge at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm,

the cutting insert is multifaceted with replaceable cutting edges, and the cooling insert is located inside the perimeter of the cutting insert with a face for each removable cutting edge, the connection line of the cooling insert to the cutting insert passing at the site of the pressure center of the cut layer, the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert contain working surfaces at a distance equal to the cutting edge from the cutting edge at the site of the center of pressure of the shear layer, and the front thresholds over the cores are located closer to the cutting edge than the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting insert, the lower surface of the arrays of the front surface of the cooling plate is made porous and rough, while part of the plane of the front surface and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface in the connection are made with the possibility of curling the cut layer in radius, the cooling plate is made to provide pressure and fixation of the cutting insert with a clamping screw located in the hole and a cutting insert, the diameter of which is larger than the thread of the clamping screw with the formation of a space between them for refrigerant passage and lubrication under the cooling plate to the section of the pressure center of the cut-off layer, and a clearance is made between the groove of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate and the array of the front surface of the cooling plate refrigerant and lubricants under the shear layer and chips.

The cutting insert can be made of superhard material.

The connection of the cutting and cooling plates is made by joining the grooves simultaneously along three secant planes perpendicular to each other in the section of the pressure center of the sheared layer

The connection of the cutting and cooling plates is made by joining the grooves along two or one secant planes.

The angle of deviation from the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate of the knobby elements and the angle of deviation from the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate of the cooling plate are different.

The cooling plate is made in the form of a pressure plate with removable front surfaces with the possibility of fixation.

The cooling plate is located below the cutting edge.

The cooling plate is configured to break chips and curl chips.

The tuberous elements are made wedge-shaped with the top of the wedge directed towards the cutting edge.

The cutting tool of the second embodiment contains a star-shaped cooling plate and a cutting plate, and for this manufacturing option, similarly to the first production version, also the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting insert is made with protrusions and grooves between them, and the cooling plate is made with front surfaces, with grooves and arrays of the front surface below the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert for corresponding connection with the protrusions and grooves of the insert, indicated by The cutting and cooling plates are made wedge-shaped and rectangular, and the grooves of the cooling plate are located on its base and at the ends, while the cooling plate is made with the possibility of shearing the sheared layer, and its front surface is made with the possibility of perception of pressure, heat and friction of the sheared layer in the area the pressure center of the shear layer and with the possibility of withdrawing contact of the shear layer from the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate in the area of the pressure center of the shear layer,

the boundaries of the refrigerant outlets formed by the recesses in the cutting insert when it is connected to the cooling plate are located between the cutting edge and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface, and the front surface of the cooling plate contains surfaces in the form of a wedge and a blade, connected to heat pipes and has thresholds, ribs , depressions and tuberous elements, moreover, the thresholds are made in the form of an angle formed by the deviation of the front surface from the end and are located from the cutting edge at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm,

the cutting insert is multifaceted with replaceable cutting edges, and the cooling insert is located inside the perimeter of the cutting insert with a face for each removable cutting edge, the connection line of the cooling insert to the cutting insert passing at the site of the pressure center of the cut layer, the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert contain working surfaces at a distance equal to the cutting edge from the cutting edge at the site of the center of pressure of the shear layer, and the front thresholds over the cores are located closer to the cutting edge than the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting insert, the lower surface of the arrays of the front surface of the cooling plate is made porous and rough, while part of the plane of the front surface and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface in the connection are made with the possibility of curling the cut layer in radius, the cooling plate is made to provide pressure and fixation of the cutting insert with a clamping screw located in the hole a cutting insert, the diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the thread of the clamping screw with the formation of a space between them for the passage of refrigerant and lubrication under the cooling plate to the section of the pressure center of the cut-off layer, and a gap for the passage of refrigerant is made between the groove of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate and the array of the front surface of the cooling plate and lubricants under the shear layer and chips, while the cooling plate is made in the form of a star with end surfaces in the form of ribs and is located below the cutting edge.

Differences from the first embodiment of the cooling plate are the edge of the end surface of the recess of the cutting plate for the passage of refrigerant and the location of the cooling plate below the level of the cutting edge, but the claimed technical result is achieved equally.

Moreover, the cutting tool for all of these options is made with the possibility of drilling, countersinking, turning, milling, boring, planing.

Figure 1 shows a cutting tool, view A-A, view B-B, view C-C.

Figure 2 - perpendicular secant planes.

Figure 3 - cooling plate in the shape of a star.

Figure 4 - groove of the front surface of the cutting edge.

In Fig.5 - the front surface made by a spatula.

Figure 6 - radius of curling of the cut layer.

In Fig.7 - cut layer.

On Fig - cutting tool.

In Fig.9 - interchangeable front surfaces pressed by the pressure plate.

The cutting insert 1 is connected to the cooling insert 2, 2a in the portion A of the pressure center of the shear layer U having a width X.

The secant plane a of type A-A is perpendicular to the secant plane in type B-B and perpendicular to the secant plane from type C-C. Three secant planes a, b, c perpendicular to each other are fixed on section A of the pressure center P of the shear layer U, each secant plane a, b, c has a line f connecting the thresholds and grooves 3 of the cooling plate 2, 2a with grooves 4 of the cutting edge 5 The connection line f is formed by connecting the cutting 1 and cooling plates 2, 2a and runs between the groove 3 of the cooling plate 2, 2a inserted into the groove 4 of the front surface of the cutting edge 5 in each cutting plane a, b, c.

Cut layer U is formed between the treated surface 6 and the processed surface 7.

The grooves 4 of the front surface of the cutting edge 5 are made between the protrusions 8 of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge.

The grooves 3 of the cooling plate 2, 2A are made at the base and at the ends.

Moreover, the cutting insert 1 is multifaceted and equipped with replaceable cutting edges 5a and 5k, and the cooling insert 2, 2a with a face for each cutting edge and is located inside the perimeter of the cutting insert 1 symmetrically or not symmetrically to each replaceable cutting edge 5, 5a and 5k, moreover, the connection line f of the cooling plate 2, 2a with the cutting plate 1 passes on the portion A of the pressure center of the sheared layer U. The cooling plate 2, 2a is made with the possibility of deformation and shear of the sheared layer U and provided with a front surface 10, made with the possibility of perceiving pressure, heat and friction of the shear layer in section A of the pressure center of the shear layer U and configured to divert the contact of the shear layer U from the front surface 9 of the cutting edge in section A.

The front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 of the cutting insert 1 is made with protrusions 8 and grooves 4 between them, and the cooling plate 2, 2a is made with front surfaces 10 with grooves 3 wedge-shaped and rectangular, and arrays 11 of each front surface 10 of the plates 2, 2a when connected located below the plane 12 of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge of the insert for corresponding connection with the protrusions 8 and grooves 4 of the insert.

The clamping screw 13 presses the cutting insert 1 through the cooling plate 2, 2a, and the clamping is carried out over the entire area of the cutting insert 1. The protrusions 8 of the front surface 9 comprise the working surfaces 14 at an equal distance (not indicated from the figure) from the cutting edge 5 in section A of the pressure center of the shear layer U, and the thresholds 23 of the front surface 10 are located closer to the cutting edge 5 than the protrusions 8 of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5, and the lower surface 15 of the arrays 11 and the end surface 16, paired with Ohm 4, made porous and rough, and the end surfaces 16 are located below the level of the plane 12 of the front surface 9. In this case, part of the plane 12 of the front surface 9 and the surface (not indicated in the figure) of the area 17 of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface form a curling surface 18 the cut-off layer U along the radius R, and between the cutting edge 5 and the area 17 of continuous contact of the chips of the front surface 10 there are boundaries 19, 29 of the refrigerant exits, and the boundaries 19, 29 of the refrigerant exits are made closer to the cutting edge 5, than the section 17 of continuous contact of the chips of the front surface 10, and the front surfaces 10 are made by a blade 20 and a wedge 21, connected to the heat pipes 22 and provided with sills 23, ribs 24, depressions 25 and tuberous elements 26. Thresholds 23 are made in as the angle P formed by the deviation of the front surface 10 from the end 16. The thresholds 23 of the cooling plate 2 from the cutting edge 5 are made at a distance G equal to 0.2-1.5 mm, and the front surface 10 is made at an angle z of deviation from the plane 12 of the front surface 9 cutting cr omki 5. The distance G of the thresholds 23 of the front surfaces 10 from the cutting edge 5 is less than the distance Q of the rear edges (not shown in the figure) of the protrusions 8 of the front surface 9. The hole (not indicated in the figure) of the cutting plate 1 is larger than the diameter of the thread of the clamping screw 13, and the space between them is a passage for the passage of refrigerant and lubricant under the cooling plate 2, 2a to the section A of the pressure center of the shear layer U. The grooves 3 of the cooling plate 2, 2a and the recess 29 are the conductors of the refrigerant and lubricant to section A, while between the groove 4 cut a common edge 5 and arrays 11 there is a clearance 27 for the passage of refrigerant and lubricants under the shear layer U and chips 28 at a distance G and L from the cutting edge 5. The cooling plate 2, 2a in development is made with the possibility of heat and pressure removal during cutting without refrigerant and grease.

In the development, the cutting insert 1 is made superhard, and the cooling insert 2, 2a is configured to receive molten chips.

The recesses 29 on the cutting insert 1, when connected to the cooling insert 2a, form refrigerant outlets.

The angle n of deviation from the plane 12 of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 of the tuberous elements 26 and the angle z of deviation from the plane 12 of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 of the front surface are different.

The cutting tool is equipped with a chip breaking cooling plate 2, 2a, made in the form of a pressure plate 30, made with the possibility of fixing removable front surfaces 31.

The cooling plate 2, 2a is located above the level S of the cutting edge and below the level S of the cutting edge.

The cooling plate 2a is made in the form of a star, the end surfaces 16 of which are made by a rib.

The tuberous elements 32 are made in the form of wedge-shaped.

The operation of the cutting tool for two embodiments of the cooling plate 2, 2a is carried out identically and as follows.

The cutting edge 5 is simultaneously pressed into the material being processed and the pressure of the cut-off layer U formed between the machined surface 7 and the machined surface 6 is directed to the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5. The pressure center of the cut-off layer U on the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 is formed by the action of the direction of the sum forces P, consisting of the forces P1 opposite to the feed direction, and the pressure forces P2 of the shear layer U directed to the front surface 9. The forces P1, which are opposite to the feed direction, displace the section A is the center of pressure of the cut-off layer U from the cutting edge 5 by a distance L. Depending on the feed rate and depth of cut, the distance L changes the value.

Known research results show that the highest heating point of the cutting insert and the highest shear stresses of the shear layer U on the cutting plate are in the portion A of the pressure center of the shear layer at a distance G = 0.2-1.5 mm, located next to the cutting edge 5 on the front surface 9. The cutting edge receives additional heating from the portion A of the center of pressure of the shear layer, which increases the limit of working heating of the cutting edge. It is also known that the cutting properties of the cutting insert retains up to a certain heating value that does not change the mechanical properties of the cutting edge, which is from 900 degrees to 1,500 degrees, depending on the brand of the cutting insert. In this case, the shear layer under pressure and friction causes mechanical damage to the cutting insert in the form of chipping, cracking, cracking and development.

To prevent the temperature of the cutting edge 5 from rising above its working heating limit and to reduce the operating temperature of the cutting edge 5 of the cutting insert 1, as well as to prevent mechanical damage in the form of chipping, cracking, cracking and generation, their effects and their reduction in the center A section the pressure of the shear layer U, in section A at a distance G 0.2-1.5 mm, the elements of the cooling plate 2, 2a are located, including the front surfaces 10 with arrays 11 of the front surfaces, heat pipes 22, ribs 24, tuber true elements 26, and depressions 25, which divert part of the pressure, friction, and heat of the sheared layer U to the cooling plate 2, 2a, with depressions 25 likewise diverging from the cooling plate 2, 2a. In this case, the contact stresses are redistributed from the cutting insert 1 to the cooling plate 2, 2a, while the cooling plate 2, 2a takes up most of the shock loads, which reduces their effect on the cutting plate. In this case, to reduce friction and the operating temperature of the heating of the cutting edge 5 of the cutting insert 1, the refrigerant and lubricant supplied to the section A of the pressure center of the sheared layer U through the gaps 27 and outputs having boundaries 19 located between the cutting edge 5 and the continuous contact section 17 also serve cut layer U of the front surfaces.

Moreover, the removal of the contact of the sheared layer U from the portion A of the pressure center of the sheared layer U allows the cutting edge 5 to transfer part of its heat to the protrusions 8, which, accordingly, cools the cutting edge 5 during the cutting process and does not allow it to overheat.

The cutting process is the shear of the sheared layer, it is the shear that separates the sheared layer from the workpiece.

The cutting insert 1 carries out the shear and deformation of the sheared layer U together with the cooling plate 2, 2a, which, starting at a distance L with the help of the face surfaces 8 and its elements, receives pressure, heat and friction in the section A of the center of pressure of the sheared layer U, and also removes the sheared layer U from contact with plane 12 of front surface 9 in section A of the center of pressure of the shear layer U. The removal of pressure, friction and heat from plane 12 of front surface 9 in section A of the center of pressure of the shear layer U allows the cutting edge 5 to s heat to the projections 8 and not to receive it from the portion A of the shear layer U of the pressure center, where the cutting insert 1 has the highest value of heating and friction, which improves the durability of the mechanical properties of the cutting edge 5.

The pressure of the shear layer U is distributed on the plane 12 of the front surface 9 and the face surfaces 10 of the cooling plate 2, 2a located on the portion A of the center of pressure of the shear layer U. The face surfaces 10 and the bumpy elements 26, using the angles n and z, break the contact of the shear layer U with a front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5. The perception angles n and z are made from 170 to 90 degrees. The implementation of the front surfaces 10, the tuberous elements 26 and the ribs 24 at angles n and z reduces the pressure, friction and heating of the cooling plate 2, and friction reduction in the embodiment also carry out depressions 25, which reduce the contact of the sheared layer U with the cooling plate 2, 2a and conductive refrigerant and grease. In this case, the depressions 25 provide the operation of heat pipes 22 that are not in contact with the shear layer U, which allows heat removal from the front surfaces 10 and thresholds 23, and arrays 11 of the front surfaces also excluded from contact with the shear are also directly involved in the heat removal. layer U by the fact that they are located in the grooves 4 of the cutting edge 5 below the plane 12 of the front surface 9, and the porosity and roughness of the lower surface 15 of the arrays 11 of the front surfaces of the cooling plate 2 reduces act arrays 11 faces and grooves 4 of the insert 1, it allows the heat intended for the insert, through the heat pipes 22 transmit cooling plate body 2, 2a without absorption into the front surface 9, which is also remarkable and important in cutting without a coolant and lubricant.

With an increase in the feed, the width K of the section A of the pressure center of the shear layer U increases, but after the thresholds 23 of the cooling plate 2, the entire width K of the shear layer U of the section A is perceived by the cooling plate 2, 2a, therefore, the increase in the cutting feed and the cutting depth is made without increasing the load on the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 with the transfer of the load on the cooling plate 2, 2A.

The connection of the plates 1 and 2, 2a and their joining by grooves simultaneously in three secant planes a, b, c of the types AA, BB, CC perpendicular to each other at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm from the cutting edge 5 and in the area A of the pressure center cut layer U, as well as the execution of the front surface 10 and the working surfaces 14 at the same distance (not indicated in the figure) from the cutting edge 5 allows stable and continuous curling and descent of the cut layer U along the radius R of curling section 17 before and after wear of the front surface 10 continuous chip contact l the main surface 10, and also allows to wear the working surfaces 14 of the protrusions 8 after wear of the front surface 10 to ensure a smooth transition of the shear layer U from the plane 12 of the front surface 9 to the front surfaces 10 before and after wear and abrasion of the front surfaces 10, and the location of the arrays 11 of the front surfaces below the plane 12 of the front surface 9 also provides a smooth transition of the cut-off layer U and eliminates the possibility of the formation of obstacles in the form of excavations and sharp protrusions, and the wear of the front overhnosti 10 in the embodiment is made radially which prevents friction. This is achieved by the impossibility of complete wear of the arrays, which in any case initially fall under the lower surface of the shear layer U, which also eliminates its ingress and chips from the cutting plate 1 and the cooling plate 2, 2a. Also, due to the radius R of the front surface, the friction of the chips on the cooling plate 2, 2a is reduced.

In this case, the front surface arrays 11 as stiffeners also increase and provide mechanical properties of the front surfaces, play the role of heat conductors and remove heat from the thresholds 23, absorbing it.

In this case, using the connecting device, the grooves corresponding to each other in the groove 4 of the cutting insert 1 and the cooling plate 2, 2a are fixed relative to the body (not shown) and the cooling plate 2, 2a is fixed relative to the cutting plate 1, which is necessary to hold the cooling plate 2 , 2a in section A when exposed to the shear layer U and chips 28.

Docking the groove into the groove simultaneously in three secant planes a, b, c perpendicular to each other in section A and at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm along the connection line f from the cutting edge 5 forms an additional clearance space 27 for the passage of refrigerant and lubricant, formed between the end surfaces 16 and the groove 4 of the cutting insert 1. Thus, the pressure center portion A is cooled and lubricated regardless of the contact density of the lower plane of the shear layer U with the plane 12 of the front surface 9.

The property of plastic deformation of metals forms the configuration of the lower surface of the descending shear layer U. The refrigerant stream D under pressure enters through the groove 3 and the recess 29, and additionally the flow D enters the gap 27 when the plates 1 and 2, 2a are joined in section A. With an increase in cutting conditions the pressure of the shear layer U increases and the density of its contact with the plane 12 of the front surface 9, in connection with which the lubricant and the refrigerant is difficult to get to section A and friction increases. To ensure that the refrigerant and lubricant get to section A and the cutting edge 5, a solution is made that includes the ability to remove contact of the cut layer and chips from the front surface 9 and includes a composition or combination consisting of gaps 27 and increase the pressure of the refrigerant and lubricant under the cut layer U in the section A, and the pressure increases due to the narrowing of the space after the boundaries 19 of the refrigerant outlets and overlapping the direction of the refrigerant and lubrication by the section 17 of continuous chip contact in the direction from the cutting edge 4 , which increases the pressure of the refrigerant and lubricant towards the cutting edge 4, and the refrigerant space is narrowed using the lower surface of the shear layer U, due to the formation of the lower surface of the shear layer U, which makes tight contact of the descending shear layer U with the section 17 of continuous contact of the shear layer U moreover, through the gaps 27, the refrigerant and lubricant enter section A under any condition of the maximum increased contact density of the cut layer U with the front surface 9. Moreover, the radius R provides a stable yvny contact descending curl layer cut portion 17 with the U unseparated chip contact with the front surface 10 with reduced friction.

Moreover, the additional clearance space 27 for the passage of the refrigerant under the shear layer U in the pressure section A of the shear layer cools and lubricates the rear surface of the cutting edge 5 from the inside and outside and cools and lubricates the arrays 11 of the front surfaces, thresholds 23 and front surfaces 10 in particular.

The hole of the cutting insert 1 is made larger than the diameter of the thread of the clamping screw 13, which allows the refrigerant and lubricant to be supplied from the housing into the grooves 3 of the cooling plate 2, 2a or, in the embodiment of the recess 29, under the cooling plate 2a, and the refrigerant and lubricant can be supplied through a hose or a jet pressure between the front surfaces 10.

The cooling plate 2, 2a can protect the superhard cutting insert (not shown) from the molten descending chips, which will increase its heat resistance.

Reducing the thickness of the cooling plate 2, 2A or performing its installation below the level S of the cutting edge 5 in the embodiment is used to reduce the pressure and friction of the sheared layer U.

The interchangeable front surfaces 31 are fixed by the pressure plate 30. The interchangeable front surfaces 31 expand technological capabilities and, in the embodiment, have the property of superhardness, which makes it possible to reduce their size, which will further facilitate cutting and reduce loads.

The execution of the front surfaces 10 by the blade 20 increases the wear resistance of the cooling plate 2, 2A by increasing the area of wear.

The joint of the cutting insert 1 and the cooling insert 2, 2a can be grooved into the groove along one secant plane or along two secant planes. This can be used with a single edge cutting insert (not shown).

In an embodiment, the cooling plate 2, 2a is located below the level S of the cutting edge 5 to reduce the impact of the sheared layer U on the cooling plate 2, 2a, as well as the depressions 25 made below the level S of the cutting edge facilitate the gathering and curling of the chips 28 and the sheared layer U, reduce excess deformation in the form of compression of the shear layer.

Performing the height w of the front surfaces from the front surface 9 increased with respect to the height v provides a reduction in the contact stresses of the cut layer at the cutting periphery of the cutting insert 1 on the peripheral front surfaces 10 made with a height v, where increased loads are produced.

At the same time, the cooling plate 2, 2a for both options works not only with the sheared layer U in section A, but also with chip 28, curling the chip and breaking the chip, and also performs the function of protection against pressure, friction, and heat.

The cooling plate 2 is made of carbide or steel, for example quick cutting.

The radius of curvature R during chip cutting varies from the cutting edge 5 depending on the material being processed.

The stresses are redistributed from the cutting insert to the cooling one, and with increasing feed and cutting depth, the distance of section A from the cutting edge increases, which transfers most of the pressure center section A of the shear layer to cooling plate 2, 2a, while cooling plate 2, 2a perceives most of the shock loads, preventing the initiation of cracks on the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge when processing uneven crust-like surfaces 6.

Using the grooves 4, the cutting insert 1 is fixed by the corresponding cooling plate 2, 2a, and using the clamping screw 13, the cutting plates 1 are pressed by the cooling plate 2, 2a, and the geometry of the cooling plate 2, 2a, which coincides with the geometry of the cutting plate 1 along the groove 4, presses it around the perimeter, resulting in reduced vibration.

The front surfaces 21 made by a wedge have a space between the passage of refrigerant and lubricant to the protrusions of the front surface, and then the refrigerant and lubricant along the gap 27 and the connection line f in the grooves penetrate the area of the chip pressure center at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm

The cooling plate 2a is made in the shape of a star, and its end surfaces 16, made by a rib, are joined with the corresponding grooves 4, also made wedge-shaped, and this embodiment of the grooves 4 at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm from the cutting edge 5 preserves the structural strength of the cutting edges 5, since the top of the specified wedge-shaped groove 4 does not have a large width that reduces the heat capacity and strength of the cutting edge 5.

The tuberous elements 26 in the embodiment are made with a pointed wedge, which also allows them to be brought closer to section A without loss of strength and heat capacity of the cutting edge 5.

The thresholds 23 of the front surfaces 10 in the variants are located at a distance equal to or less than the cutting depth in the area A of the pressure center of the sheared layer.

The implementation of the end face of the cooling plate 2a in the form of a star with wedge-shaped face surfaces 10 and also the implementation of the tuberous elements 32 wedge-shaped provides for the form of the groove 4 of the cutting plate 1 with the wedge with the apex directed to the cutting edge 5. The groove 4 in the form of a wedge provides the strength of the cutting edge 5 at a distance G, equal to 0.2-1.5 mm, which also ensures the inclusion of the cooling plate 2A, 2 in the shear cutting process. Moreover, the shape of the wedge of the groove 4, which ensures the strength of the cutting edge 5, is also provided with a corresponding deviation of the end surface 16.

Contact with section A of the lubricant reduces friction on the front surface 9 to the cutting edge 5, and an increase in refrigerant pressure and lubrication by section 17 further facilitates their penetration to the rear surface.

Moreover, the elements of the cooling plate 2A, 2 are made rounded or rounded to reduce friction.

Moreover, the cutting insert 1 in the embodiment has the property of superhardness and produces chip gathering in the molten state. The perception of the molten chips by the cooling plate 2, 2a protects the superhard cutting insert from high heat of the chips, which increases the heat resistance of the cutting insert 1.

The angle z is made equal to 180-95 degrees, and the angle n is made equal to 170-90 degrees to ensure the removal of contact of the cut layer and chips from the front surface 9 and from the front surface 10.

The described devices of the cutting tool work during drilling, milling, turning, boring, planing, countersinking.

The combination of the additional space for the refrigerant and lubricant in the gap 27, the penetration of the refrigerant and lubricant to section A and the increase in the pressure of the refrigerant and lubricant in section A under the descending shear layer U due to the removal of contact, as well as the arrangement and implementation of the elements of the cooling plate 2a , 2 in section A of the pressure of the shear layer U and the device for its connection with the cutting plate 1, by joining the arrays 11 of the front surface of the cooling plate 2a, 2 with the groove 4 of the cutting plate 1, it is possible to achieve the indicated technical The result - resistance to machining with variable loads of crusty uneven surfaces 6, increase in feed, removal of vibration of the cutting layer U from the cutting edge 5, increasing the resistance of the cutting edge 5 and its mechanical properties, reducing the pressure of the cutting layer U on the cutting plate 2, reducing friction and heating in section A of the pressure center of the shear layer U on the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 5 of the cutting insert 1, a decrease in the working heating limit of the cutting edge 5, an increase in refrigerant pressure with delivery to section A, increase cutting supply and cutting depth, improving the contact of the front surface 9 and the rear surfaces (not shown in the figure) of the cutting edge 5 with a cooling and lubricating medium, increasing the width of the cut layer U without loss of resistance of the cutting edge 5, increasing the rate of heat removal from the cutting edge 5 .

Claims (19)

1. A cutting tool containing a cutting plate connected to a cooling plate made with an opening for the passage of refrigerant, characterized in that the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate is made with protrusions and grooves between them, and the cooling plate is made with front surfaces, grooves and arrays the front surface below the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert for corresponding connection with the protrusions and grooves of the insert,
said grooves of the cutting and cooling plates are made wedge-shaped and rectangular, and the grooves of the cooling plate are located at its base and at the ends,
while the cooling plate is made with the possibility of shearing the shear layer, and its front surface is configured to absorb pressure, heat and friction of the shear layer in the area of the pressure center of the shear layer and with the possibility of removing contact of the shear layer from the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate in the area of the pressure center cut layer
the boundaries of the refrigerant outlets formed by the cutting insert and the grooves of the cooling plate on its front surface are located between the cutting edge and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface, and the front surface of the cooling plate contains surfaces in the form of a wedge or blade, connected to the heat pipes and has thresholds, valleys and tuberous elements, and the thresholds are made in the form of an angle formed by the deviation of the front surface from the end and are located from the cutting edge at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm,
the cutting insert is multifaceted with replaceable cutting edges, and the cooling insert is located inside the perimeter of the cutting insert with a face for each removable cutting edge, the connection line of the cooling insert to the cutting insert passing at the site of the pressure center of the cut layer, the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert contain working surfaces at a distance equal to the cutting edge from the cutting edge at the site of the center of pressure of the shear layer, and the front thresholds over spines located closer to the cutting edge than the front surface of the projections of the cutting edge of the insert,
the lower surface of the arrays of the front surface of the cooling plate is made porous and rough, while part of the plane of the front surface and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface in the connection are made with the possibility of curling the cut layer along the radius,
the cooling plate is made to provide pressure and fixation of the cutting insert with a clamping screw located in the hole of the cutting insert, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the thread of the clamping screw with the formation of a space between them for refrigerant passage and lubrication under the cooling plate to the section of the pressure center of the shear layer, and between a gap for the passage of refrigerant and lubricants is made with a groove of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate and an array of the front surface of the cooling plate stem under the cut layer and chips. 2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting insert is made of superhard material. 3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the cutting and cooling plates is made by joining the grooves simultaneously along three cutting planes perpendicular to each other in the section of the pressure center of the sheared layer. 4. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the cutting and cooling plates is made by joining the grooves along two secant planes. 5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the cutting and chip breaking cooling plates is made by joining the grooves along one secant plane. 6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of deviation from the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate of the tuberous elements and the angle of deviation from the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the cutting plate of the cooling plate are different. 7. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling plate is made in the form of a pressure plate with removable front surfaces with the possibility of fixation. 8. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling plate is made with the possibility of breaking chips. 9. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling plate is made with the possibility of curling chips. 10. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tuberous elements are made wedge-shaped with the top of the wedge directed towards the cutting edge. 11. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for processing materials by drilling. 12. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for the processing of materials by countersinking. 13. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for use in turning. 14. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for processing materials by milling. 15. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for processing materials by boring. 16. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for processing materials by planing. 17. A cutting tool containing a cutting plate connected to a cooling plate made with an opening for the passage of refrigerant, characterized in that the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate is made with protrusions and grooves between them, and the cooling plate is made with front surfaces, grooves and arrays the front surface below the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert for corresponding connection with the protrusions and grooves of the insert,
said grooves of the cutting and cooling plates are made wedge-shaped and rectangular, and the grooves of the cooling plate are located at its base and at the ends,
while the cooling plate is made with the possibility of shearing the shear layer, and its front surface is configured to absorb pressure, heat and friction of the shear layer in the area of the pressure center of the shear layer and with the possibility of removing contact of the shear layer from the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate in the area of the pressure center cut layer
the boundaries of the refrigerant outlets formed by the recesses in the cutting insert when it is connected to the cooling plate are located between the cutting edge and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface, and the front surface of the cooling plate contains surfaces in the form of a wedge or blade, connected to heat pipes and has thresholds, ribs , depressions and tuberous elements, moreover, the thresholds are made in the form of an angle formed by the deviation of the front surface from the end and are located from the cutting edge at a distance of 0.2-1.5 mm ,
the cutting insert is multifaceted with replaceable cutting edges, and the cooling insert is located inside the perimeter of the cutting insert with a face for each removable cutting edge, the connection line of the cooling insert to the cutting insert passing at the site of the pressure center of the cut layer, the protrusions of the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert contain working surfaces at a distance equal to the cutting edge from the cutting edge at the site of the center of pressure of the shear layer, and the front thresholds over spines located closer to the cutting edge than the front surface of the projections of the cutting edge of the insert,
the lower surface of the arrays of the front surface of the cooling plate is made porous and rough, while part of the plane of the front surface and the area of continuous contact with the chips of the front surface in the connection are made with the possibility of curling the cut layer along the radius,
the cooling plate is made to provide pressure and fixation of the cutting insert with a clamping screw located in the hole of the cutting insert, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the thread of the clamping screw with the formation of a space between them for refrigerant passage and lubrication under the cooling plate to the section of the pressure center of the shear layer, and between a gap for the passage of refrigerant and lubricants is made with a groove of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting plate and an array of the front surface of the cooling plate the stem under the shear layer and chips, while the cooling plate is made in the form of a star with end surfaces in the form of ribs and is located below the level of the cutting edge. 18. The cutting tool according to 17, characterized in that the cooling plate is made with the possibility of breaking chips. 19. The cutting tool according to 17, characterized in that the cooling plate is made with the possibility of curling chips.

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