RU2523054C1 - Method for determining distribution of density of wire material by scope of item and device for determining density of wire material in scope of item - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: methods for determining the density distribution of wire material by the scope of item and device for this purpose are proposed. Device for determining the density distribution of wire material in the scope of item comprises a transparent container filled with the distilled water. In this case, the flood tide with channel is made in the upper part of transparent container, wherein the removable measuring capacity with scale is hermetically fixed; this scale is tared in mm³ in such a way that the axis of removable measuring capacity is located vertically and channel in flood tide has a downward slope. Horizontally located risk passing through the lower generating line of outlet opening of channel in the wall of transparent container is marked on the outer surface of transparent container wall along the entire perimeter of the wall. The transparent container has four supports in which screws with micrometric thread are screwed in with tightness by thread. Bearing nut with spherical bearing surface, position of which on the screw is fixed by safety nut, is screwed on each screw. In this case the position of bearing nuts on screws is set in such a manner that the transparent container is installed on the plate with horizontal ground support surface in such a manner that the mark on the transparent container occupies horizontal position, and the mirror of water surface along the entire perimeter of mark coincides with it. Tripod with magnifying spy-glass fixed on it with possibility of displacement by vertical line with magnification power of at least ten times, is also installed on the plate. On the magnifying glass of this tube facing to the removable measuring container there is scale with height of one millimetre divided by marks into ten parts. Support with item or reference standard under examination fixed on it with the possibility of vertical displacement is also installed on the plate. Four screws with micrometric thread are screwed with tension by thread into the base of this plate. Bearing nut with spherical bearing surface, the position of which is fixed on the screw by the lock nut is screwed on each screw, position of the bearing nuts on the screws is set in such a way that the marks on the reference standard or item are parallel to the mark on the transparent container, and in case of each operation, as a result of which the volume of the displaced fluid is changed in the removable measuring container, the magnifying spy-glass is fixed by height in such position that the lower mark of its scale when looking at magnifying spy-glass is aligned with the lower mark of the scale division of the removable measuring container, wherein the level of displaced liquid is located, and the top mark of its scale is aligned with the top mark of this division.

EFFECT: increase of accuracy of determining the density distribution of wire material in the scope of item, possibility to determine abnormalities or defects in the structure of wire material of elastohysteretic element of the item without its destruction.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of products from wire, fiber materials.

Since ancient times, there is a known method for determining the presence of impurities in a pure metal, for example silver in gold, discovered by Archimedes, which means that the product is immersed in a bath of water, the volume of water displaced by the product is measured, knowing the specific gravity of pure metal, in this case gold , calculate the weight of the product and the difference between the calculated and measured weights determine the presence or absence of silver impurities in the product.

This method is by technical essence closest to the proposed invention and is adopted as a prototype.

To create a calculation model for the deformation of products made of wire material, for example, by the finite element method (FEM), it is important to know the actual distribution of the density of the material in the volume of the product.

In view of the presence of dry friction of the workpiece blank when pressed against the mold walls, the complex geometry of the product, the uneven distribution of density in the workpiece material, an uneven distribution of density in the material of the product occurs.

Therefore, the task is to determine the actual density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product.

The problem is solved in that a method is proposed for determining the density distribution of wire material over the volume of the product, comprising immersing the product in a transparent container with distilled water and determining the volume of water displaced by the product, characterized in that a standard is made of non-porous material with a specific gravity greater than specific gravity water, the geometric shape of which without gaps describes the shape of the product, the standard and the product are mentally divided into n parts by equally spaced horizontal planes awns and marks these levels on the reference and risk item, a transparent container filled with distilled water to lower generatrix outlet openings connecting the transparent container with a removable measuring capacitance with a scale protarirovannoy in mm ^3, was immersed standard in water to lower the risks and determine the volume V _{chs = 1 of the} immersed lower first part of the standard in terms of the volume of liquid displaced by this part in a removable measuring container, sequentially continue to immerse the standard until the next s-th risk, s = 2, 3, ..., n-1, at each s-th stage, determine the volume V _{chs of the} immersed s-th part of the standard from the ratio

, $$V_{hs}={\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{hs}}-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

,

- объем s погруженных частей эталона, $${\displaystyle \sum _{s=1}^{s-1}{V}_{чs}}$$

- объем s-1 погруженных частей эталона, определенных по объемам вытесненной этими частями эталона жидкости, погружают эталон полностью в воду и определяют его объем V, определяют объем последней n-й части эталона из соотношенияWhere $${\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{hs}}$$

- the volume s of the immersed parts of the standard, $${\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

- the volume s-1 of the immersed parts of the standard, determined by the volumes of the liquid displaced by these parts of the standard, immerse the standard completely in water and determine its volume V, determine the volume of the last n-th part of the standard from the ratio

, $$V_{hn}=V-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

,

the standard is taken out of the transparent container, or the standard is not made, and its volume V and the volumes V _hs , s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n of its parts are determined by calculation, the actual weight of the dry product G is determined by weighing, immersed in the transparent container until the first lower product risks and determine the total volume V _{IChs = 1} = V _{IMCs = 1} + V _{ICCs = 1 of the} first lower part of the product by the volume of displaced liquid, where V _{IMC = 1} - the volume occupied by the material of the first lower part of the product, V _{ICC = 1} - the volume of sealed caverns of the first lower part of the product, then, immersing the product to the next s-th risk, predelyayut total volumes V _ichs every s-th portion of the article, s = 2, 3, ..., n-1 as

, $$V_{\mathrm{and}hs}={\displaystyle \sum _{S=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}-{\displaystyle \sum _{S=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,

immerse the product completely in water and determine the total volume of the entire product V and ₀ , determine the total volume of the last n-th part of the product, as

, $$V_{\mathrm{and}hs=n}=V_{\mathrm{and}0}-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,

the product is removed from the transparent container, calculated weight G ₀ = γ · V _u0 where γ - specific gravity of wire material is determined G ₁ = G ₀ -G - wt sealed cavities of the porous material of the article under the assumption that they are filled with the material of the wire determine the total the volume of these caverns V _k = G ₁ / γ, determine the actual volume occupied by the wire material of the product V _and = V and ₀ -V _k , determine the average density of the wire material of the product δ = G / V · g, where g is the acceleration of gravity, in if the total volume of sealed caverns is 1-2% of the volume standard V, it is conventionally assumed that each unit volume contains a volume of sealed caverns equal to V _k1 = V _k / V, the actual volumes occupied by the material of each s-th part of the product are calculated:

V _ichds = V _ichs (1-V _k1 ),

s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n

determine the weight of each s-th part of the product

G _ichs = γ · V _ichds ,

s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n

determine the average density of each s-th part of the product

δ _ichs = G _ichs / V _hs · g

s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n.

In the case when the total volume of sealed cavities V _{k is} large, for example, more than 5% of the volume of the standard V, a method is proposed for determining the density distribution of wire material over the product volume, characterized in that it is assumed that the volume of sealed caverns V _k is s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n parts of the product are directly proportional to the average densities of these parts, the volumes of sealed caverns of each s-th part of the product are determined from the system s + 1 of linear equations:

V _ichks = δ _ichs · V _ichkd / δ _ichd ;

s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n

, $$V_{\mathrm{to}}=\left(V_{\mathrm{and}h\mathrm{to}d}/{\delta }_{\mathrm{and}hd}\right)\cdot {\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n}{\delta }_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,

where V _ichkd is the volume of tight cavities in the part of the product with the lowest average density δ _ichd .

In the case when it is necessary to determine the density of the material of the product in two mutually perpendicular directions, a method is proposed for determining the density distribution of wire material over the volume of the product, characterized in that the distribution of the density of the material in one given direction is first determined, then the product is rotated 90 ° and the distribution of this is determined density in a different direction perpendicular to the first direction.

The accuracy of the proposed methods can be approximately estimated by comparing the average density of the product material, determined from the ratio

δ = G / V · g,

with an average density determined from the ratio

. $$\delta ={\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n}{\delta }_{\mathrm{and}hs}}/n$$

.

The accuracy of the proposed methods is mainly determined by the accuracy of determining the volume of fluid displaced at each stage.

The installation proposed by Archimedes, i.e. a bathtub filled with water, by technical essence, is closest to the proposed installation and is taken as a prototype. However, without significant modifications, it is unsuitable for implementing the proposed method for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product.

Therefore, the task is to create an installation that provides a determination of the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product by the proposed method.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product, containing a transparent container filled with distilled water, characterized in that in the upper part of the transparent container there is a tide with a channel in which a removable measuring container with a scale is hermetically fixed, crated in mm ³ so that the axis of the removable measuring tank is strictly vertical, and the channel in the tide has an inclination downward, on the outer surface of the wall transparent e A horizontal horizontal risk is applied to the entire perimeter of the wall, passing through the lower generatrix of the channel outlet in the wall of the transparent container, the transparent container has four supports into which micrometric screws are screwed onto the thread, a support nut with a spherical bearing is screwed onto each screw the surface whose position on the screw is fixed with a lock nut, the position of the support nuts on the screws is set so that the transparent container is mounted on a plate with a horizontal polished surface so that the risk on a transparent container is in a strictly horizontal position, and the mirror of the water surface along the entire perimeter of the risks coincides with it, and the tripod also has a tripod with a telescopic magnifying glass that can be shifted vertically with an increase of at least ten times , on the magnifying glass of which, facing the interchangeable measuring capacitance, a scale with a height of one millimeter is applied, divided by risks into ten parts, and the spyglass is fixed strictly burn on the way so that the scale on its glass is located strictly vertically, a support is also installed on the plate with a test product or standard mounted on it with the possibility of vertical displacement, into the base of which four micrometric screws are screwed with an interference fit on the thread, a nut is screwed on each screw bearing with a spherical bearing surface, the position of which on the screw is fixed with a lock nut, the position of the bearing nuts on the screws is set so that the risks on the standard or product are parallel to the risk on the transparent container tee, and during each operation, as a result of which the volume of the displaced liquid changes in the removable measuring container, the spyglass is fixed in height in such a position that the lower risk of its scale when looking at the spyglass is combined with the lower risk of dividing the scale of the removable measuring capacity, in which the level of the displaced fluid is located, and the upper risk of its scale is with the upper risk of this division.

The division price of the scale of removable measuring capacity is determined from the ratio

C = h · π · d2 / 4 mm ³ ,

where h = 1 mm is the height of the scale, d is the diameter of the removable measuring capacity.

When d = 3 ÷ 4 mm, the accuracy of determining the volume of the displaced fluid will be approximately 0.5 mm ³ .

In order to simplify the precise installation of the test object before immersion, an installation is proposed for determining the density distribution of wire material in the product volume, characterized in that there is one more risk on the wall of the container facing the spy magnification tube, which is located along the perimeter of the transparent container parallel to the first, and this risk is applied at such a height that when you combine it when you look at it through a telescope, with the lower risk of the studied volume CTA, mounted on a support, did not wet it.

The presence of additional risks on the wall of the transparent container makes it possible to simplify the precise installation of the test object before immersing it in distilled water.

Tripod designs and supports that meet the above conditions may be different.

Therefore, an apparatus for determining the density distribution of wire material in the product volume is proposed, characterized in that the tripod and support are made in the form of a massive base with a T-groove, in which a telescopic sliding stand is vertically fixed using a bolt with a T-shaped head, in the outer end which a screw is fitted with an interference fit on the thread, having a part with a micrometric thread, a smooth part is a guide and a part with a fastening thread, a support nut is screwed onto a part with a micrometric thread, using which precisely adjusts the height position of the telescopic magnifying glass, or immerses the object under investigation to risks, a support is mounted on the smooth part of the screw with a support in the support nut using a wing nut, and the support itself is integral with a support clamp, in the opening of which a spyglass magnifying tube or an arm with an investigated object fixed on it is fixed with a clamping screw and a wing nut.

In addition, a device is proposed for determining the distribution of the density of wire material in the product volume, characterized in that a rolling pin is vertically fixed on a tripod base and a support using a bolt with a T-shaped head, and a support is fixed on it with a clamp made in one piece with a support, a clamping screw and a wing nut, and the parts with the help of which, in the manner described above, the spyglass magnifying tube or the object under study is fixed and their exact height is fixed, are fixed on support by a screw, screwed with interference threaded into the support and also having a portion with a micrometric thread, a smooth portion and a threaded fastener.

The proposed method and installation are illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 shows the main view of the installation;

figure 2 shows a left view of the installation;

figure 3 shows a right view of the installation;

figure 4 shows a view on page A in figure 1;

figure 5 shows a tripod, at the base of which is fixed rolling pin-guide.

In the drawings, the position of the product in a submerged state is depicted by a dash-dot line with two points. Identical parts in different assembly units are denoted by one reference.

The content and sequence of operations of the proposed method are clear from the above, the content of individual operations differs little from each other. Therefore, a complete re-description of the proposed method is not performed, and the section describing the operation of the proposed installation describes the preparation of the installation for the operation and the operation itself (see below).

The proposed installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product (see figure 1) contains a plate - base 1 with a polished supporting surface, mounted on a plate 1: a tripod 2 with a telescopic magnifying tube 3 attached to it, a support 4 with attached to it with the test object 5, a transparent container 6 filled with distilled water 7. A tide 8 with a channel 9 is made in its upper part, in which a replaceable measuring container 10 with a scale of 11 (see FIG. 2), calibrated in mm ³ , is hermetically fixed.

Channel 9 at high tide 8 (see figure 1) has a downward slope. On the outer surface of the wall of the transparent container 6, a horizontal risk 12 is applied across the entire wall perimeter, passing through the lower generatrix of the outlet of the channel 9 in the wall of the transparent container 6. The transparent container 6 has four supports 13 into which screws 14 with micrometric thread are screwed, locked with a lock nut 15. On each screw 14, a support nut 16 is screwed with a spherical bearing surface, the position of which on the screw 14 is also fixed by a lock nut 15. The position of the support nuts 15 on the screws 14 is set in this way ohm, that the transparent container 6 is installed on the plate 1 with a horizontal polished supporting surface so that the risk 12 on the transparent container 6 occupies a strictly horizontal position, and the mirror of the water surface along the entire perimeter coincides with it. At the bottom of the transparent container 6, a drain valve (not shown) can be installed.

On the wall of the transparent container 6 (see FIG. 2) facing the spyglass magnifying glass 3, higher risks 12, located along the perimeter of the transparent container 6, can be performed another risk 17, parallel to the first, and this risk is applied at such a height, that when you combine it, when you look at it through a telescope magnifying glass 3, with the lower risk of the investigated object 5, mounted on the support 4, it was not wetted

Two designs of tripod 2 and support 4 are proposed (see Fig. 3 ÷ 5). The tripod 2 (see Fig. 1, 2) consists of a massive base 18 with a T-shaped groove 19, in which a telescopic sliding rack 21 is vertically fixed with a bolt 20 with a T-shaped head, in the outer end of the last link of which 22 an interference fit a screw 23 is fixed on the thread, having a part 24 with a micrometer thread, a smooth part - a guide 25 and a part 26 with a fastening thread. A support nut 27 is screwed onto a part 24 with micrometric thread, with the help of which precise adjustment of the height position of the spyglass magnifying pipe 3 is carried out. -the lamb 29, and the support 28 itself is integral with the support clamp 30, in the opening of which a magnifying tube 3 is fixed using the coupling screw 31. A gasket 32 is inserted between the contacting links 22 of the telescopic sliding strut 21 with an interference fit from dense rubber. The magnitude of this interference is selected so that it does not interfere with the pulling of the links 22 from each other and provides reliable fixation of the links in any elongated position of the telescopic sliding rack 21. The outlet of each outer of the two contacting links 22 serves as a guide for the inner link 22 of this pair.

The installation used a spyglass magnifying tube 3 with an increase of at least ten times. On its magnifying glass 33 (see Fig. 4), facing the interchangeable measuring container 9, a scale 34 is applied, one millimeter high, divided by risks into ten parts, and the telescope is fixed horizontally so that the scale 34 on its glass 33 located strictly upright.

During each operation, as a result of which the volume of the displaced fluid changes in the interchangeable measuring container 9, the spyglass 3 is fixed in height in such a position that the lower risk of its scale 34, when looking at the spyglass, is aligned with the lower risk of dividing the scale of the interchangeable measuring capacity 9 , in which the level of the displaced fluid is located, and the upper risk of the scale 34 is with the upper risk of this division.

The support 4 (see Figs. 1, 3) has a massive base 35 into which four micrometric screws 14 are screwed in tightly, threaded by lock nuts 15. A support nut 16 with a spherical bearing surface is screwed onto each screw 14, the position of which on the screw 14 is fixed with a lock nut 15. The position of the support nuts 16 on the screws 14 is set so that the risks 36 on the test object 5 — the standard or product — are parallel to the risk 12 on the transparent container 6. In the T-shaped groove of the base 35 using the bolt 20 with T-head vertically fixed and a telescopic sliding stand 21, in the outer end of the last link 22 of which a screw 23 is tightened on the thread. A support nut 27 is screwed onto the part 24 with a micrometer thread of this screw, by means of which the studied object 5 is immersed in a transparent to the specified risk 36 transparent capacity 6. On the smooth part 25 of the screw 23 with a stop in the nut-support 27, a support 37 is mounted, mounted on a telescopic telescopic rack using a wing nut 29. The support 37 itself is made integral with the support-clamp 38, in the hole of which with w tightening screw 31 is secured to bracket 39 mounted thereon investigated object 5. Fastening object 5 to the bracket 40 may, depending on the design object 5 carried out in various ways. In Fig. 1, the test object 5 with a slight interference fit is simply mounted on the conical finger 40. The calculation of the volume of the fluid displaced by the finger 40 is simple, and the conical finger 40 itself does not prevent the penetration of the liquid into the wire material.

It is also proposed the design of a tripod (see Fig. 5) and supports (not shown), on the bases 18 and 35 (see Fig. 3), respectively, of a tripod and supports of which with a bolt 20 (see Fig. 5) with a T-shaped the rolling pin guide 41 is vertically fixed with the head, and the support 42 is fixed on it with the help of a collar 43 made integrally with the support 42, the coupling screw 31, and the details (see Figs. 2 and 3), with which the spyglass is fixed in the manner described above a magnifying pipe 3 or a test object 5 and their exact location in height, mounted on a support 42 with by means of a screw 23 screwed with an interference fit into the support 42 and also having a micrometric part 24, a smooth part 25 and a fastening part 26.

Assembly installation is simple and not described.

Preparing the installation for work is as follows.

Distilled water is poured into a transparent container 6 to risks 12. If necessary, using the support nuts 16 establish the horizontal location of this risk and coincide with it the water mirror, if necessary, achieve this by adding or removing excess distilled water. Lock this position with locknuts 15.

Fix the test object 5 — the standard on the bracket 39. Install the bracket 39 with the test object 5 to the desired height by expanding the telescopic rack 21. By expanding the telescopic rack 21 of the tripod 2, the spy magnifying tube 3 is pre-installed in a position suitable for its accurate installation in position which, when looking at the telescope, the upper risk of the glass scale 33 of the telescope magnifier 3 coincides with the risk 17 on the wall of the transparent container 6. The telescope magnifier 3 are set exactly in this position with the support nut 27 and fixed with the wing nut 29. Using the support nut 27 of the support 4, and, if necessary, the support nuts 16, the test object 5 is precisely set in the position in which looking into the telescope magnifying glass 3, the upper risk of the glass scale 33 of this pipe, risk 17 on the wall of the transparent container 6 and lower risk on the studied object 5 coincided. In this position, the test object 5 is fixed with locknuts 15 and a wing nut 29. The installation is ready for operation.

Next, proceed to the first operation of the proposed method. The telescopic rack 21 of the support 4 is shifted so that the test object 5 — the standard — is immersed in distilled water almost to its lower risk. Screw the wing nut 29 from the screw 23 for one or two turns and with the help of the support nut 27 immerse the standard in water exactly to its lower risk. In this case, a volume of water equal to the volume of the immersed part of the standard is squeezed out into a replaceable measuring container 9.

The telescopic sliding rack 21 of the tripod 2 is shifted so that the spyglass magnifying tube 3 is in such a position that the lower risk of its scale 34 is located near the lower risk of dividing the scale of the removable measuring tank 9, in which the level of the displaced liquid is located. Screw the wing nut 29 from the screw 23 of the tripod 2 by one or two turns and, using the support nut 27, install a spyglass magnifying tube 3 so that the lower risk of its scale 34 is aligned with the lower risk of dividing the scale of the interchangeable measuring tank 9 , in which the level of the displaced fluid is located, and the upper risk of the scale 34 is with the upper risk of this division. Fix this position of the pipe 3 with the wing nut 29 and measure the volume of the displaced fluid.

At each new operation performed in the sequence described by the proposed method, the studied objects 5 are a standard, a product made of wire material is immersed in a liquid of a removable measuring container 6 to the next new level, and the spyglass 3, as mentioned above, is fixed in height in such the position that the lower risk of its scale 35 when looking into this pipe is combined with the lower risk of dividing the scale of the removable measuring tank 9, in which the level of displaced liquid is located in this operation, and the upper rice scale and 34 - with the risk of this upper division and another measured amount of liquid displaced. According to these data, according to the algorithm described in the proposed method, the density distribution of the wire material in the volume of the product is determined.

Compared with the well-known method of studying the internal structure of the product using sections - sections of the product filled with fusible material, the proposed methods are simpler, do not destroy the product, and most simply of all known methods make it possible to determine the density distribution of wire material over the volume of the product. They do not require large expenses for their implementation and are harmless.

The proposed method can determine the density distribution of wire material in the product in any direction.

Knowing the density distribution of the material in several directions allows you to get a more accurate determination of the density distribution of the wire material in the volume of the product, and therefore, to determine anomalies or defects in the structure of the wire material of the elastic-hysteresis element of the product without its destruction.

Claims (7)

1. The method of determining the density distribution of wire material by volume of the product, comprising immersing the product in a transparent container with distilled water and determining the volume of water displaced by the product, characterized in that a standard is made of non-porous material with a specific gravity greater than the specific gravity of the water, the geometric shape of which without gaps describes the shape of the product, the standard and the product are mentally divided into n parts by equally spaced horizontal planes and mark these levels on the standard and the product Risk, a transparent container filled with distilled water to lower generatrix outlet openings connecting the transparent container with a removable measuring capacitance with a scale protarirovannoy in mm ^3, was immersed standard in water to lower the risks and determine the volume V _{chs = 1} immersed lower first part of the volume reference of liquid displaced by this part into a removable measuring container, sequentially continue to immerse the standard until the next s-th risk, s = 2, 3, ..., n-1, at each s-th stage, determine the volume V _{hs of the} immersed s-th part of the standard from the ratio
$$V_{hs}={\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{hs}}-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

,
Where $${\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{hs}}$$

- the volume s of the immersed parts of the standard, $${\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

- the volume s-1 of the immersed parts of the standard, determined by the volumes of the liquid displaced by these parts of the standard, immerse the standard completely in water and determine its volume V, determine the volume of the last n-th part of the standard from the ratio
$$V_{hn}=V-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{hs}}$$

,
the standard is removed from the transparent container, or the standard is not made, and its volume V and the volumes V _hs , s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n of its parts are determined by calculation, determined by weighing the actual weight of the dry product G, immersed in a transparent container until the first lower product risks and determine the total volume V _{IChs = 1} = V _{IMCs = 1} + V _{ICCs = 1 of the} first lower part of the product by the volume of displaced liquid, where V _{IMC = 1} - the volume occupied by the material of the first lower part of the product, V _{ICC = 1} - the volume of tight caverns of the first lower part of the product, then, immersing the product to the next s-th risk Determine the total volume V _ichs every s-th portion of the article, s = 2, 3, ..., n-1 as
$$V_{\mathrm{and}hs}={\displaystyle \sum _{S=\mathrm{one}}^s{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}-{\displaystyle \sum _{S=\mathrm{one}}^{s-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,
immerse the product completely in water and determine the total volume of the entire product V and ₀ , determine the total volume of the last n-th part of the product, as
$$V_{\mathrm{and}hs=n}=V_{\mathrm{and}0}-{\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n-\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,
the product is removed from the transparent container, calculated weight G ₀ = γ · V _u0 where γ - specific gravity of wire material is determined G ₁ = G ₀ -G - wt sealed cavities of the porous material of the article under the assumption that they are filled with the material of the wire determine the total the volume of these caverns V _k = G ₁ / γ, determine the actual volume occupied by the wire material of the product V _and = V and ₀ -V _k , determine the average density of the wire material of the product δ = G / V · g, where g is the acceleration of gravity, in if the total volume of sealed caverns is 1-2% of the volume standard V, it is conventionally assumed that each unit volume contains a volume of sealed caverns equal to V _k1 = V _k / V, the actual volumes occupied by the material of each s-th part of the product are calculated:
V _ichds = V _ichs (1-V _k1 ),
s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
determine the weight of each s-th part of the product
G _ichs = γ · V _ichds ,
s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
determine the average density of each s-th part of the product
δ _ichs = G _ichs / V _hs · g
s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n. 2. The method for determining the density distribution of wire material over the volume of the product according to claim 1, characterized in that it is assumed that the volume of sealed caverns V _k in s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n parts of the product is directly proportional to the average densities of these parts, the volumes of tight cavities of each s-th part of the product V _{ichk s are} determined from the system s + 1 linear equations:
V _ichks = δ _ichs · V _ichkd / δ _ichd ;
s = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
$$V_{\mathrm{to}}=\left(V_{\mathrm{and}h\mathrm{to}d}/{\delta }_{\mathrm{and}hd}\right)\cdot {\displaystyle \sum _{s=\mathrm{one}}^{s=n}{\delta }_{\mathrm{and}hs}}$$

,
where V _ichkd is the volume of tight cavities in the part of the product with the lowest average density δ _ichd . 3. The method for determining the density distribution of wire material over the volume of the product according to claim 2, characterized in that first determine the density distribution of the material in one predetermined direction, then turn the product 90 ° and determine the distribution of this density in another direction perpendicular to the first direction. 4. Installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product, containing a transparent container filled with distilled water, characterized in that in the upper part of the transparent container there is a tide with a channel in which a replaceable measuring container with a scale calibrated in mm ^{3 is} hermetically fixed so that the axis of the removable measuring tank is strictly vertical, and the channel in the tide has a downward slope, on the outer surface of the wall of the transparent container around the entire perimeter of the wall is marked completely located risk passing through the lower generatrix of the channel outlet in the wall of the transparent container, the transparent container has four supports into which micrometric screws are screwed onto the thread, a support nut with a spherical bearing surface, the position of which on the screw, is screwed fixed with a lock nut, the position of the support nuts on the screws is set so that the transparent container is mounted on a plate with a horizontal polished supporting surface so that there is no risk on the transparent container the bone occupies a strictly horizontal position, and the mirror of the water surface along the entire perimeter of the risks coincides with it, and a tripod is also mounted on the plate with a magnifying tube that can be shifted vertically with a magnification of at least ten times, on the magnifying glass of which is facing replaceable measuring capacity, a scale is applied that is one millimeter high, divided by risks into ten parts, and the spyglass magnifying tube is fixed strictly horizontally so that the scale on its glass is located with three vertically, a support is also installed on the plate with a test product or standard mounted on it with the possibility of vertical displacement, into the base of which four screws with a micrometer thread are screwed with an interference fit, a nut-bearing with a spherical bearing surface is screwed onto each screw, the position of which is on the screw is fixed with a lock nut, the position of the support nuts on the screws is set so that the risks on the standard or the product are parallel to the risk on the transparent container, and during each operation, as a result of which the volume of the displaced liquid changes, the spyglass is fixed in height in such a position that the lower risk of its scale when looking at the spyglass is combined with the lower risk of dividing the scale of the removable measuring capacity, in which the level of the displaced liquid is located, and the upper risk of it scales - with the highest risk of this division. 5. Installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product according to claim 4, characterized in that on the wall of the transparent container facing the spyglass, higher risks located around the perimeter of the transparent container, performed another risk parallel to the first, and this the risk is applied at such a height that when it is combined when looking at it through a telescope with a magnifying glass with the lower risk of the object under study, mounted on a support, it does not wet. 6. Installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product according to claim 5, characterized in that the tripod and support are made in the form of a massive base with a T-slot, in which a telescopic sliding stand is vertically fixed using a bolt with a T-shaped head in the outer end of which a threaded screw is fixed having a part with a micrometer thread, a smooth part-guide and a part with a fastening thread, a support nut is screwed onto a part with a micrometer thread, with which a precise adjustment of the height position of the spyglass is made, or immersion of the object under examination, risks are placed on the smooth part of the screw with a stop in the support nut, mounted on a telescopic sliding stand with the wing nut, and the support itself is integral with the support - a clamp, in the hole of which, with the help of a clamping screw and a wing nut, a spyglass magnifying tube or bracket with an investigated object fixed on it is fixed. 7. Installation for determining the density distribution of wire material in the volume of the product according to claim 6, characterized in that on the bases of the tripod and support using a bolt with a T-shaped head, a rolling pin is vertically fixed, and a support is fixed on it with a clamp made integral with the support, the coupling screw and the wing nut, and the parts with the help of which the telescope of the magnifying tube or the object under study is fixed in the above manner and their exact location in height are fixed on the support using inta, screwed tightly onto the thread in the support and also having a part with a micrometer thread, a smooth part and a part with a mounting thread.

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