RU2521977C2 - Automatic control device of working mechanism of soil compacting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, and namely to control of compaction of bulk soils. An automatic control device of an actuator of a working element of a soil compacting machine consists of an accelerometer, an amplifier, a band-pass filter, an amplifier with an adjustable amplification coefficient, a filter of the first harmonic, a frequency to analogue signal converter, an algebraic adder, a setting device of a soil compaction degree, an analogue-to-digital converter, a compactor, a trigger, a signal shaper and a memory unit. The device is equipped with monitoring converters of the number of machine passes, its movement speed, force and frequency of an impact of the working element, speed of a bell-crank mechanism, input and output normalisers for connection to a control object, an on-board microprocessor controller with a software, which is controlled with the actuator as per several optimum parameters. Primary converters are electrically connected through the input signal normaliser to Input 1 of the microprocessor controller, to Input 2 of which a signal is supplied from a comparison analyser, and control commands of the adjustable actuator kinematically connected to the working element of the machine are shaped from Input through the output normaliser.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of a soil compacting machine; improved quality of compaction of a bulk coating.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction, in particular to controlling the degree of compaction of bulk building soils in the construction of foundations and foundations of residential and administrative buildings and structures, hydraulic dams, trenches of main pipelines, embankments of roads and railways.

1. It is known (analog) a device for controlling the degree of composite mixtures SU 1749898A1 [(IPC G06F 15/46, G01N 9/36) from 03/22/1992]. A well-known analogue relates to the field of measuring the physicomechanical properties of composite materials and can be used in chemical, electrical and other industries. The known device contains a vibrating working body, an accelerometer, an amplifier, a band-pass filter, detectors, algebraic adders, oscillation amplitude and soil compaction adjusters, comparators, triggers and pulse shapers.

A disadvantage of the known analogue is that the device only increases the accuracy of monitoring the time of the end of the compaction cycle, does not exclude a decrease in the operational performance of the soil compaction machine, an overspending of fuels and lubricants and the costs associated with additional quality control of compaction of bulk soil using mobile laboratories. This is due to the fact that the known device is informational and does not have the ability to control the working body of a soil compaction machine, depending on a given degree of soil compaction and external disturbing influences that adversely affect the quality of compaction.

2. A technical solution is known, see patent No. 4398901 (IPC G01N 3/36) (the closest analogue is a prototype device for monitoring the degree of compaction of the soil, including a vibrating operating mechanism with an accelerometer mounted on it, which is connected through an amplifier to the main bandpass filter and showing the degree of soil compaction indicator).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low accuracy of the indications of the information indicator due to the lack of the ability to optimally configure the filter parameter under the influence of random noise on the object.

3. For example, in the well-known analogue according to the patent of Germany No. 3421824, class. MKI G05D 19/00, E01C 19/28 of 12.19.85 “Device for monitoring the effectiveness of soil compaction with vibratory rollers and vibrating plates”, contains an acceleration sensor and a device for transmitting information readings to an indicator. The disadvantage of this analogue according to patent No. 3421824, class. MKI G05D 19/00 of 12.19.85 is the scatter of the indications of the indicator device related to the heterogeneity of the properties of the compacted soil (particle size distribution, elastic modulus, humidity, surface roughness).

4. In the well-known analogue of the Austrian patent No. 385065, class. MKI E01C 19/23 of 02.10.88 “Device for determining the degree of compaction of soil with a roller” contains an induction sensor, the core of which is kinematically connected with the working mechanism of the machine, an oscillation amplitude meter, frequency conversion filters, a voltage amplifier from the sensor signals and an indication indicator.

The disadvantage of the known device according to patent No. 385065, class. MKI E01C 19/23 of 02/10/08, like all the previous ones presented in this review, is that they are based on a set of technical means and a structure for constructing only information actions with displaying indications on an indicator, which cannot provide a solution to the main problem: increase operational performance of a soil compaction machine with high quality compaction and cost reduction during construction and installation works.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the control unit by introducing new hardware and software that automatically change the operating modes of the soil compaction machine.

The aim of the present invention is to increase the productivity of the soil compaction machine and reduce material costs when performing construction and installation work due to the operational control of the operating parameters of the actuator by automatically selecting the optimal mode depending on the given degree of soil compaction and external disturbing influences: humidity, particle size distribution, elastic modulus soil and roughnesses of the condensed surface. At the same time, the new technical solution of the device for automatic control of the working mechanism of the soil compaction machine will be free from the disadvantages of the prototype and analogues, which perform the functions of only informing the driver about the shutdown of the soil compaction machine at the end of the compaction cycle.

The operational performance of the soil compaction machine is determined by:

where B is the width of the seal strip; b = 0.1 (m) is the overlapping width of adjacent strips; V _M - the speed of movement of the machine during the compaction process (m / h); n is the number of passes on one capture; K _B = 0.8-0.85 - machine utilization factor (net operating time): H _O - thickness of the compacted soil layer (m).

The criteria for the effective operation of the compacting machine are maximum productivity with a minimum number of passes with a high speed of movement while ensuring a given degree of compaction of the soil (Figure 2). However, with high P _E significantly decreases ρ _f (Fig 2) and therefore there is no technological need for maximum provision P _E with poor soil compaction ρ _f . To increase P _E according to the formula (1) it is possible only with two variable quantities V _M and n, since the values B, b, H _O , K _B depend on the compaction technology and are not related to ρ _f .

With an increase in V _M , P _e grows, but ρ _f decreases (Fig. 3), and with a decrease in n ρ _f (Fig. 4) and P _e increase, but the compaction time t _y decreases in direct proportion to (2), which leads to a sharp decrease in P _e due to the long compaction time and increase penetrations n on one strip of compaction

where m is the number of sealing strips; L is the length of the seal (m).

To optimize the values of V _M , n, t _y by adjusting the parameters F _y , ω, f _y in magnitude and duration of their action, the present invention is proposed.

The technical effect of the invention is achieved by the fact that transducers are introduced into the device to control the number of passes of the machine, the speed of its movement, the force and frequency of impact of the working body, the speed of the crank mechanism, the operating time of the machine, on one sealing strip, multi-channel input and output normalizers for communication with the object control system, on-board microprocessor controller with software, mechanism that is adjustable according to several optimal parameters, analyzer comparing the actual degree of compaction given, moreover, the primary converters are electrically connected through the multi-channel input signal normalizer to the “Input 1” of the microprocessor controller, to the “Input 2” of which a signal is sent from the comparison analyzer, and from the “Output” through the output normalizer generates commands for controlling the adjustable actuator kinematically coupled with the working body of the machine.

The introduction of these new technical means into a known device together with the most important element, which is an adjustable actuator, allows you to develop a controlled technological process of compaction of the soil on the basis of microprocessor technology with flexible software that provides regulation of the degree of compaction according to the following parameters: F _y - impact force of the worker body (5), ω - frequency of the crank shaft (changing the vibration frequency) (Figure 6), f _y - working body pin frequency of the ground (7) and the time or operation of the machine on the same seal band t _y.

Figure 1 presents the structural block diagram of a device for automatically controlling the actuator of the working body of a soil compaction machine. The automatic control device for the actuator of the working body of the soil compaction machine contains a vibrating working element 1, an accelerometer 2, an amplifier 3, a bandpass filter 4, an indicator 5, a frequency converter into an analog signal 6, an algebraic adder 7, a degree of compaction 8, an analog-to-digital converter 9, comparator 10, trigger 11, pulse shaper 12, memory unit 13, analyzer comparing the actual degree of compaction with a given 14, converters controlling the number of passes of the machine 15, the speed eniya machine 16, the collision force of the working body 17, the frequency of impact of the working body 18, the frequency of revolutions of the crank mechanism 19, operation time of the machine on one strip seal 20, a multichannel input analyzer 21, the onboard microprocessor controller 22, the output of the normalizer 23 and the steering actuator 24.

The device operates as follows

The formation of control signals from the amplitudes of harmonic oscillations arising from the influence of adjustable parameters: V _M , n, τ _y , F _y , ω, f _y according to the known device is as follows. When compaction of bulk building soil 25 using a vibrating working body 1 at the output of the accelerometer 2, a harmonic signal appears, which is close to sinusoidal. This signal, passing amplifier 3, is fed to a band-pass filter 4 containing information about the process of compaction of the soil 25. At the same time, this signal is detuned from both high-frequency and low-frequency interference.

From the output of the band-pass filter 4, a useful signal through an amplifier 6 is fed to a frequency converter into an analog signal 6 and to an algebraic adder 7, to the input of which a signal from a vibration amplitude adjuster 8 is determined, which determine a given degree of soil compaction. From the output of the setter 8, the same signal is fed to the analyzer 14.

The fixed signal from the setter 8, from the algebraic adder 7 and from the frequency converter to the analog signal 6 is fed to an analog-to-digital converter 9, which generates a code at its output and sends it to the memory unit 13, and from its output to the input of the comparator 10, s An “output 1” of which the encoded signal is fixed at the “Input 2” of the analyzer 14. At the “Output 2” of the comparator 10, an indicator 5 is connected. The signal from the bandpass filter 4 in the form of pulses is fed to the counting input of the trigger 11, and from it is supplied to the pulse shaper 12 which p converts the commands in such a way that rectangular pulses occur from the various harmonics of the compacted soil 25 at the output of the comparator.

To control the values of signals from various variable frequencies created by the adjustable actuator 24 in a controlled compaction process, a known analog device with a known structure of technical means and the connections between them was used, which provided only an unregulated one information signal with its output to indicator 5.

In a controlled process, several signals from harmonic frequencies are formed, which arise from various adjustable parameters and are functionally related to the actual degree of compaction of the soil:

ρ _f = f (V _M , n, τ _y , F _y , ω, f _y ).

At the input of the comparator 10, the steady-state value of one monitored signal is recorded, for example, the harmonic amplitude signal associated with F _y , which is fed to “Input 1” of the comparison analyzer 14, and “Input 2” receives a signal from the setter 8, where the actual value of the degree of compaction is compared soil ρ _f with a given ρ _s .

In the case of ρ _f ≠ _rz , an unbalance signal Δ is generated, which is fed to the “Input 2” of the microprocessor controller 22, and from the “Output” a control signal is generated through the normalizer 23 to change the operating mode of the regulating actuator 24. At the same time, a multi-channel normalizer 21 for connecting several transducers generates a signal corresponding to this action 17, and in the case of an unbalance signal Δ, the microprocessor controller 22 sets the following, most effective injective optimum operation of the regulating actuator 24, e.g., a change in the parameter ω. Thus, the control of the received signals from the converters 15-20 is carried out using a multi-channel normalizer 21. When the equality ρ _f = ρ _s Δ = 0 is reached, the device is turned off and the automatic control system goes into steady state.

In addition, such a technical solution, which is absent in the prototype and in the analogue, allows to compensate, by optimizing the value of the control signal, external disturbances that adversely affect the degree of compaction of bulk building soils: M - humidity of the compacted soil, H ₀ - thickness (height) layer, ψ _m - particle size distribution of the material, Z _n - roughness of the compacted surface, E _g - the degree of elasticity of the soil, negatively affecting the degree of compaction of bulk construction soils.

Claims (1)

The device for automatic control of the executive mechanism of the working body of a soil compaction machine consists of an accelerometer, an amplifier, a bandpass filter, an amplifier with an adjustable gain, a first harmonic filter, an frequency to analog signal converter, an algebraic adder, a soil compaction setter, an analog-to-digital converter, a comparator, a trigger , a pulse shaper, a memory unit, characterized in that the device includes transducers for monitoring the number of passes of the machine, the speed of its movement, the force and frequency of impact of the working body, the rotational speed of the crank mechanism, input and output normalizers for communication with the control object, an on-board microprocessor controller with software, an actuator adjustable in several optimal parameters, and the primary converters are electrically connected through the input signal normalizer to “Input 1” of the microprocessor controller, to “Input 2” of which a signal is sent from the comparison analyzer, and from “Output” through the output th normalizer generates a command for controlling the variable actuator kinematically articulated to the working body of the machine.

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