RU2521769C1 - Abrasive mixture for abrasive pastes and tools and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in making abrasive tools and pastes for polishing articles made of solid materials and paint coats. The abrasive mixture contains as a cutting component abrasive particles which are mixed with a binding material and consist of carbon nanoparticles in form of graphenes with monoatomic thickness with sizes ranging from 0.1 mm to 2 mm and graphene pumice, which is graphene clusters in form of stacks of plane-parallel graphenes joined to each other at one of their ends. When preparing the abrasive mixture, the cutting component is mixed with binding material in a vacuum chamber at low pressure. Pressure is then raised to atmospheric pressure before the binding material begins to harden.

EFFECT: high wear resistance of abrasive pastes and tools.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular to the development and use of new cutting materials in the manufacture of abrasive tools and pastes for grinding and polishing products from hard materials and coatings.

The use of abrasive materials has a long history. During this time, a significant amount of cutting materials for abrasive tools and abrasive pastes, such as talc, chalk, sand from various natural minerals, have been developed. And also artificially created - electrocorundum, silicon carbide, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, natural and synthetic diamond, micropowders coated with corundum, silicon carbide, diamonds, cubic boron nitride, etc. In the manufacture of abrasive pastes and abrasive tools used as a binder and filler is also a significant amount of materials.

A significant amount of materials is known that are used in the abrasive industry as cutting particles, a binder and a filler, proposed in the following patents: Abrasive material [1], Diamond-metal composite [2], Grinding tools and mass for its manufacture [3], Method for producing composite diamond grains [4], Fine-grained polycrystalline abrasive material [5], Binder for the manufacture of diamond tools [6], Diamond tools with a galvanic bond [7], Mass for the manufacture of diamond tools enta [8], Diamond sintered material, its production method and tools and abrasive powder from it [9], Mass for the manufacture of abrasive tools [10], diamond slurry [11], Method for producing aggregated diamond abrasive particles [12], Carbon nanoparticles and the process of their production [13], Composite materials and the method of their manufacture [14], Abrasive composite, method for making the same, and polishing apparatus using the same [15] and others.

Mentioned abrasive cutting particles and binders in analogues have, along with their advantages and a number of disadvantages, first of all, the insufficient strength of the cutting particles themselves and the difficulty in selecting the binder and filler material to prevent the cutting particles from falling out of the working layer of the tool.

Further attempts to improve the consumer properties of an abrasive tool come down to finding more durable materials used as cutting particles, and to changing the shape of abrasive particles both to improve their cutting properties and to hold them more firmly in the working layer of the abrasive tool.

The closest in technical essence is the invention "Abrasive composite, method for making the same, and polishing apparatus using the same" [15] (see US patent 7404831 publ. 07.29.2008; IPC B24D 03/02).

This invention is taken as a prototype in relation to such an object of the invention as a substance, i.e. abrasive mass for the manufacture of abrasive pastes and tools.

In the prototype, an abrasive composite material consists of a matrix (binder) including many spherical carbon nanoparticles - fullerenes and diamond particles, as well as particles of aluminum oxide or quartz. In this case, spherical carbon nanoparticles are constructed of concentric graphite sheets in the form of closed spherical structures having sizes on average from 10 to 200 nm. In the prototype and most abrasive materials, the cutting particles are volume particles.

Such particles, even of irregular shape and especially spherical fullerenes, are firmly held in the matrix when they are immersed in the working surface deeper than half the maximum transverse size. Otherwise, such particles fall out of the matrix upon receipt of the workload. In addition, bulk diamond particles and spherical fullerenes, as well as any other bulk particles are not the best cutting component.

The technical result of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks - increasing the strength and cutting ability of the cutting component to the maximum possible, as well as increasing the wear resistance of the cutting tool due to the strong holding of the cutting particles in its working part.

The problem is achieved in that the abrasive mass for abrasive pastes and tools contains as a cutting component abrasive particles mixed with a binder material.

In accordance with the invention, abrasive cutting particles consist of nanostructured carbon materials, namely: graphenes of monatomic thickness with other sizes from 0.1 to 2 mm and graphene pumice, which is graphene clusters in the form of packs of plane-parallel graphenes, interconnected at one end .

Moreover, any known binders and fillers or metals having good adhesion to carbon, for example, used in the manufacture of diamond abrasive tools or diamond abrasive pastes, can be used as a binder.

In accordance with the invention, a method of manufacturing an abrasive mass for abrasive pastes and tools is characterized in that graphenes and graphene pumice are used as the cutting component. In this case, the cutting component is mixed with a binder material in a vacuum chamber under reduced pressure, then the pressure is raised to atmospheric pressure before the curing of the binder material begins.

In a particular case of the manufacture of abrasive pastes, mixing graphene and graphene pumice with a binder is acceptable at atmospheric pressure.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations.

Figure 1 shows a micrograph of graphene, curled into a ″ fist ″.

Figure 2 shows a micrograph of a graphene cluster.

Figure 3 shows the crystal hexagonal lattice of graphene.

Figure 4 shows the strength test of graphene with an atomic force microscope needle.

Figure 5 shows a section of the working part of an abrasive tool with graphene and graphene clusters as cutting particles.

Figure 6 shows a section of the working part of the abrasive tool with diamond or other bulk materials as cutting particles.

Graphene, a single-atom thick carbon film, was obtained in 2004 by the Andre Geim group from the University of Manchester. Graphene can be imagined as a two-dimensional ″ slice ″ of the crystalline hexagonal lattice of graphite.

Graphenes and graphene pumice (clusters in the form of packs of plane-parallel graphenes, interconnected at one of the ends) are selected as cutting particles in an abrasive tool because they have unique characteristics. Graphenes are carbon plates of monatomic thickness and sizes from 0.1 to 2 mm, which means they are the thinnest and sharpest “blades” in nature [16]. The monatomic particle thickness is the physical limit of the minimum thickness, in addition, according to Changgu Leel, Xiaoding Weil, Jeffrey W. Kysar and James Hone [17] and Andre Geim [16] (and other authors), graphenes are the strongest particles in nature, that is, they are the physical tensile strength. They have a maximum (among known substances) tensile or compressive strength (Young's modulus reaches up to 1 terapascal), which corresponds to the theoretical tensile strength in nature (see figure 4). Graphene clusters can be thought of as a very small book with sheets spaced parallel to each other at 15-200 nm, fastened together by a spine.

Graphenes and graphene clusters located in the thickness of the binder, which has good adhesion to carbon, have a larger surface area compared to round diamond and other abrasive particles. Due to this, they are deeply rooted in the thickness of the binder and are better kept in it. Abrasive particles do not fall out of the surface of the abrasive tool, but wear evenly with the binder during operation of the abrasive tool.

A method of manufacturing an abrasive mass for abrasive pastes and tools is as follows.

The manufacture of pulp for abrasive tools and abrasive pastes using nanostructured carbon materials as abrasive cutting particles has fundamental features. Known binders having good adhesion to carbon, for example, those used in the manufacture of diamond abrasive tools, are very viscous materials. When mixing a viscous binder with carbon cutting particles, the molecules of the binder cannot penetrate into the narrow inter-graphene spaces of clusters (15-200 nm) and coiled graphenes occupied by air molecules (see FIG. 1).

In accordance with the invention, in order to allow the binder to penetrate into the graphene spaces of the clusters, the mixing of the carbon material with the binder is carried out in a vacuum chamber, where air is removed from the graphenes and intergranular spaces of the clusters. After that, the carbon material is thoroughly mixed with a binder. The pressure rise to atmospheric pressure is carried out before the curing of the binder begins to ensure complete penetration of the binder into the inter-graphene spaces of the clusters and the internal spaces of graphenes curled into “pockets”, in order to firmly hold them in the binder of an abrasive tool. In this case, the distances between graphene planes of clusters can increase by 10-50% or more or remain unchanged depending on the type of binder. After curing the binder, graphene and graphene planes of graphene pumice are firmly held by the binder due to the large contact area between it and extended graphene crystal structures that are flat or rolled into “pockets”, as well as due to the geometric shape of carbon abrasive particles penetrating 0.1- 2 mm, depending on the sizes of free and bound graphenes in pumice.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2428299, Cl. B24D 3/00; publ. 09/10/2011; "Abrasive material."

2. Patent RU No. 2448827, Cl. B24D 3/06; publ. 12/20/2011; "Diamond composite".

3. Patent RU No. 2169657, Cl. B24D 3/28; publ. 06/27/2001 .; "Grinding tool and weight for its manufacture."

4. Patent RU No. 2450907, Cl. B24D 3/00; Public 05/20/2012. "A method of obtaining a composite diamond grain."

5. Patent RU No. 2433908, Cl. B24D 3/10; publ. 11/20/2011. "Fine-grained polycrystalline abrasive material."

6. Patent RU No. 2432250, Cl. B24D 3/10; publ. 10/27/2011. "Bundle for the manufacture of diamond tools."

7. Patent RU No. 2432248, cl. B24D 3/06; publ. 10/27/2011. "Electroplated diamond tool."

8. Patent RU No. 2424889, Cl. B24D 3/20; publ. 07/27/2011. "Mass for the manufacture of diamond tools."

9. Patent RU No. 2113531, Cl. B22C 26/00; publ. 06/20/1998. "Diamond sintered material, its production method and tool and abrasive powder from it."

10. Patent RU No. 2243878, Cl. B24D 3/10; publ. 01/10/2005. "Mass for the manufacture of abrasive tools."

11. Patent RU No. 2196158, Cl. C09G 1/02; publ. 01/10/2003. "Diamond suspension."

12. (Patent US 4246006, 01/20/1981. "Method for producing aggregated diamond abrasive particles."

13. Application US 20060165988; Cl. B24B 5/16; publ. 07/27/2006. "Carbon nanoparticles and composite particles and process of manufacture" (Carbon nanoparticles and the process of their production).

14. Application US 20070017160; KL. B24D 3/00; publ. 01/25/2007. "Composite materials and method for making the same" (Composite materials and method of their manufacture).

15. Patent US 7404831. 07.29.2008). "Abrasive composite, method for making the same, and polishing apparatus using the same."

16. U. Manchester's Andre Geim: Sticking with Graphene, For Now Science Watch® August.

17. Changgu Leel, Xiaoding Weil, Jeffrey W. Kysar and James Hone. Science 18 July 2008: Vol. 321 no. 5887 pp. 385-388

DOI: 10.1126 / science. 1157996.

Claims (3)

1. An abrasive mass for the manufacture of abrasive pastes and tools, containing as a cutting component abrasive particles mixed with a binder material, characterized in that the abrasive cutting particles consist of nanostructured carbon particles in the form of graphenes of monatomic thickness with sizes from 0.1 to 2 mm and graphene pumice, which is a graphene cluster in the form of packs of plane-parallel graphenes, interconnected at one of the ends. 2. The abrasive mass according to claim 1, characterized in that viscous binders or metals having good adhesion to carbon, for example, used in the manufacture of diamond abrasive tools and diamond abrasive pastes, are used as a binder material. 3. A method of manufacturing an abrasive mass for abrasive pastes and tools according to one of paragraphs. 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutting component is mixed with a binder material in a vacuum chamber under reduced pressure, and then raise the pressure to atmospheric before curing of the binder material.

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