RU2520793C1 - Method of mutual conversion of mechanical energy and potential energy of compressed gas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: method of mutual conversion of mechanical energy and potential energy of compressed gas consists in cyclic change of gas volume in above-piston and/or below-piston cavity at reciprocating motion of a piston inside a cylinder. Gas in the said cavity is periodically renewed through gas supply and withdrawal channels. The cylinder and/or the piston are rotated around the axis parallel to the direction of the piston's reciprocating motion. The piston is installed in the cylinder with a minimum radial gap. The cylinder is partially filled by fluid. The action of centrifugal forces provides for the formation of free surface of the fluid. Difference of static fluid pressures in the above-piston and below-piston cavities, provided by the difference of radiuses of the fluid free surface, compensates the gas pressure difference in these cavities.

EFFECT: higher efficiency factor of the process due to reduced losses by friction and approximation of the compression process to the isothermal process.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, and in particular to methods of converting mechanical energy into potential energy of compressed gas and vice versa, and can be used to organize the working cycle in compressors, expanders and other reciprocating machines.

The prior art method for the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and the potential energy of compressed gas, which consists in cyclically changing the volume of gas in the supra-piston cavity, enclosed between the cylinder and the piston placed inside it, with reciprocating movement of the piston inside the cylinder and periodically updating the gas in the cavity through gas supply and exhaust channels (see patent CN 101294561, class F04B 53/02, published on October 29, 2008). The disadvantages of this method are the low energy conversion coefficient due to high mechanical friction losses in the piston-cylinder pair, the need for lubrication and, as a consequence, the contamination of the compressible gas with oil, and the inability to obtain a gas compression ratio in one stage of more than 10 atm, t .to. with greater compression, the gas is heated to a temperature of more than 250 ° C, which leads to a rapid burnout of the lubricating oil.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages. The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the process by reducing friction losses and bringing the compression process closer to the isothermal process. The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that according to the method of mutual conversion of mechanical energy and potential energy of compressed gas, which consists in cyclically changing the volume of gas in the supra-piston and / or sub-piston cavity enclosed between the cylinder and the piston placed inside it, with a reciprocating moving the piston inside the cylinder and periodically updating the gas in the specified cavity through the gas supply and exhaust channels, the cylinder and / or piston are rotated around the axis, in parallel direction of the reciprocating movement of the piston, the piston is placed in the cylinder with a guaranteed radial clearance, and the cylinder is partially filled with liquid so that the difference in the static pressure of the liquid in the above-piston and under-piston cavities, due to the difference in the radii of the free surface of the liquid formed under the action of centrifugal forces, in the indicated cavities, compensates for the difference in gas pressure in the over-piston and under-piston cavities. It is advisable to use water as a liquid. The liquid is preferably continuously or periodically added or updated.

Figure 1 shows the compressor operating according to the proposed method (suction cycle);

figure 2 - the same as in figure 1 (injection cycle).

Below, the proposed method is considered as an example of a compressor with a rotating cylinder, however, it is also possible to perform a rotating piston or change the type of energy converter without changing the essence of the proposed method.

The simplest compressor for compressing atmospheric air, in which the proposed method can be implemented, is shown in FIGS. 1-2 and consists of a cylinder 2 rotating in bearings 1 in the form of a glass with a shoulder on the open end that bounds the piston cavity. The cylinder 2 is equipped with a sealing device 3 for exhausting compressed air and is connected with self-acting exhaust valves 4. A piston 5 is placed inside the cylinder, connected through a slider 6 and a connecting rod 7 with a rotating crank 8. A piston 5 is placed in the cylinder 2 with a guaranteed radial clearance 9. Cylinder 2 partially filled with liquid 10 (for example, water). The piston 5 is rotatable in the bearings 11 and is equipped with inlet valves 12. The piston 5, the bottom of the cylinder 2 and the free surface of the liquid 10 located between them form a closed over-piston cavity 13 of the air, the volume of which cyclically changes when the piston 5 is reciprocating cylinder 2. Piston cavity 14 communicates with the atmosphere. A central hole 15 is formed inside the shoulder in the lower part of the cylinder 2 for overflowing excess liquid 10. To fill the volume of liquid 10, which inevitably decreases due to evaporation and entrainment with a stream of compressed air, and also to replace the liquid 10 heated by compression of air, a pump is constantly pumping fluid 10 into cylinder 2 (not shown).

The compressor depicted in Fig.1-2, operates as follows. Before starting work, the cylinder 2 with the liquid 10 contained therein is untwisted to high speeds from any engine (not shown). The rotating crank 8 through the connecting rod 7 and the slider 6 gives a reciprocating motion to the piston 5. When the piston 5 moves downward (see FIG. 1), a certain rarefaction of air is created in the supra-piston cavity 13, due to the difference in atmospheric air pressure and air pressure in the cavity 13 The inlet valves 12 are opened, and with a further stroke of the piston 5 downward, the growing cavity 13 is filled with atmospheric air from the sub-piston space 14. The exhaust valves 4 are thus closed. The difference in pressure of atmospheric air and air in the cavity 13 during the suction stroke moves the fluid 10 through the radial clearance 9 in such a way that the difference in the static pressures of the fluid 10 located in the centrifugal force field is due to the difference “H” of the radii of the free surface of the fluid 10 in the over-piston 13 and piston 14 cavities, compensates for the difference in air pressure in the atmosphere and in the cavity 13.

At the beginning of the upward movement of the piston 5 (see FIG. 2), the intake valves 12 are closed, the exhaust valves 4 are still closed, the volume of the cavity 13 is reduced and air is compressed in it. After compressing the air in the cavity 13 to the required pressure, the exhaust valves 4 open and with the continued movement of the piston 5 upward, compressed air from the cavity 13 through the sealing device 3 is discharged to the consumer. Next, the piston 5 begins to move down and the compressor cycle is repeated. The difference in pressure of atmospheric air and air in the cavity 13 during the compression and forcing stroke moves the fluid 10 through the radial clearance 9 in such a way that the difference in the static pressures of the fluid 10 located in the centrifugal force field is due to the difference “H” of the radii of the free surface of the fluid 10 in the over-piston 13 and piston 14 cavities, compensates for the difference in air pressure in the atmosphere and in the cavity 13.

The piston 5 is made to rotate in the bearings 11 to reduce hydraulic losses during friction of the rotating fluid 10 on the surface of the piston 5.

When the air is compressed in the cavity 13, its temperature rises, which leads to the heating of the liquid 10 due to heat transfer. A booster pump (not shown) constantly adds new cold liquid 10 to the cylinder 2. Moreover, the radius of the hole 15 is chosen so that with each cycle Compression excess fluid 10 poured over the edge of the hole 15, after which these excess heated fluid 10 is disposed of or looped through the cooling radiator.

The maximum degree of air compression in this compressor design is directly proportional to centripetal acceleration, the density of the liquid 10 and the difference in the radii of the free surface of the liquid in the cavities 13 and 14. Therefore, to increase the degree of air compression, it is advisable to untwist cylinder 2 to high revolutions. Compared to well-known reciprocating compressor designs, the compressor design described above does not directly contact the side surfaces of the piston and cylinder, which significantly reduces friction losses. The maximum compression ratio is limited by the evaporation temperature of the liquid used, but under the condition of constant renewal of the liquid, the temperature of the compressible gas can significantly exceed the temperature of liquid evaporation. In addition, the cooling of a compressible gas by a constantly renewing cold liquid brings the gas compression process closer to isothermal compression, which also increases the efficiency of the compressor. The use of water as a working fluid allows you to get absolutely clean oil-free air.

Claims (3)

1. A method for the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and potential energy of compressed gas, which consists in cyclically changing the volume of gas in the supra-piston and / or sub-piston cavity enclosed between the cylinder and the piston placed inside it, with the reciprocating movement of the piston inside the cylinder and periodic updating of the gas in the specified cavities through gas supply and exhaust channels, characterized in that the cylinder and / or piston rotate about an axis parallel to the direction of reciprocating movement of the piston, Porsche they are placed in a cylinder with a guaranteed radial clearance, and the cylinder is partially filled with liquid so that the difference in the static pressure of the liquid in the supra-piston and under-piston cavities, due to the difference in the radii of the free surface of the liquid formed under the action of centrifugal forces in these cavities, compensates for the difference in gas pressure in the supra-piston and in the piston cavities. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is used as a liquid. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is constantly or periodically added or updated.

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