RU2520486C1 - Thin-layered floculator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: floculator contains a cylindrical case, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, equipped from the bottom with a diaphragm in the form of a truncated cone with the smaller base facing down, a device for water supply, a device for discharge of clarified water, thin-layered modules in the form of inclined parallelepipeds, which adjoin with the midpoints of inclined internal ribs, and a horizontal partition spanning openings between the modules and located at the levels of the upper bases of the modules.

EFFECT: increased productivity and efficiency of water purification.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The inventive object relates to a device for wastewater treatment and can be used in metallurgy, mining, engineering, utilities and other industries.

A known apparatus for clarifying a liquid, comprising a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, coaxially located in the body, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water and thin-layer modules. Thin-layer modules are installed in the space between the housing and the flocculation chamber and are made in the form of inclined plates that are fan-shaped from the center of the housing to the periphery (Russian Federation patent No. 2234357, IPC B01D 21/08, published on 08/20/2004).

The claimed object and analogue coincide with the following essential features. Both devices contain a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, coaxially located in the body, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water and thin layer modules.

Analysis of the technical properties of such an apparatus, due to its features, shows that the following reasons hinder the receipt of the expected technical result. The fan-shaped arrangement of the plates of thin-layer modules causes a decrease in the distance between the plates from the periphery to the wall of the flocculation chamber, which in turn leads to a decrease in the settling area and an increase in the uneven distribution of water over the cross section of the settling zone.

Explanations regarding the fan arrangement of plates of thin-layer modules in the analogue are presented in the drawings, which show:

- figure 1 is a fragment of the placement of thin-layer modules by analogy, plan view;

- figure 2 is a view according to I-I in figure 1;

- figure 3 is a view of II-II in figure 1.

The space between two adjacent plates, from which thin-layer sedimentation modules are formed, is, in fact, a mini-sedimentation tank with an settling area equal to the area of the projection of the plate on a horizontal plane. If the projection area is f, and the number of plates is n, then the total settling area F is determined by the formula: F = f · n.

In its turn:

$$f=f_{\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}t}\cdot \cos \lambda =L_o\cdot B_o\cdot \cos \lambda \left(\text{one}\right)$$

where f is the projection area of the plate on a horizontal plane, m ² ;

f _East - the true area of the plate, m ² ;

In _about - the width of the plate (figure 1), m;

L _o - the length of the plate (figure 2), m;

λ is the angle of inclination of the plate to the horizontal plane (figure 2).

If for structural or other technological reasons it is assumed that the minimum allowable distance between the plates should be equal to d _min , then the distance d _in between the plates at the wall of the flocculation chamber must be chosen the same (d _in = d _min ). The distance d _n between the plates at the outer wall of the apparatus when they are fan-shaped is determined by the formula:

$$d_n=\frac{d_{\mathrm{at}}\cdot R_n}{R_{\mathrm{to}}}=\frac{d_{\min }\cdot R_n}{R_{\mathrm{to}}},\left(\text{2}\right)$$

where d _n - the distance between the plates at the outer wall of the housing when they are fan-shaped (figure 2), m;

R _n - the radius of the apparatus, m;

R _to - the radius of the flocculation chamber, m;

d _in - the distance between the plates at the wall of the flocculation chamber during their fan placement, m

The average distance between the plates (d _cp ) when they are fan-shaped is determined by the formula:

$$d_{\mathrm{from}R}=0.5\cdot \left(d_{\mathrm{at}}+d_n\right).\left(\text{3}\right)$$

, пространство между стенкой камеры флокуляции и стенкой корпуса аппарата) можно разместить меньшее количество пластин, чем в том случае, если бы расстояние меду ними было одинаковым и равным d_min (d_min=d_в=d_н). Следовательно, площадь отстаивания будет меньшей по сравнению с таким расположением пластин, при котором расстояние между ними в любой точке было бы одинаковым и равным d_min.From this it can be seen that the average distance between the plates when they are fan-mounted is greater than the minimum allowable. This means that for a given area of the zone of settling F _from (for analog $$F_{\mathrm{about}t}=\pi \cdot \left(R_n^2-R_{\mathrm{to}}^2\right)$$

, the space between the wall of the flocculation chamber and the wall of the apparatus body) it is possible to place a smaller number of plates than if the distance between them was the same and equal to d _min (d _min = d _in = d _n ). Therefore, the area of sedimentation will be smaller in comparison with such an arrangement of the plates, in which the distance between them at any point would be the same and equal to d _min .

In addition, when the fan arrangement of the plates there is an uneven distribution of water flows in the spaces between the plates (figure 2, figure 3).

The flow rate at which the retention of all particles having a hydraulic particle size u can be determined by the formula:

, $$Q_{\mathrm{at}eeR}=Q_{P\mathrm{but}R}\cdot K$$

,

where Q _fan - water flow with a fan arrangement of plates, m ³ / h;

Q _steam - water flow with a parallel arrangement of the plates and the distance between them d = d _min , m ³ / h;

K - coefficient of reduction in flow (K <1).

Calculations show that if R _k = 0.7R _n , then K = 0.63, and Q _fan = 0.63Q _pairs , hence when R _k / R _n <0.7, the value of K will be even smaller.

Thus, with a fan-shaped arrangement of the plates, the flow rate determined from the conditions for the retention of particles of a given hydraulic size will be significantly lower in comparison with the flow rate of water in a parallel arrangement of the plates.

The closest set of features to the claimed object is a thin-layer sump selected as a prototype, comprising a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber coaxially located in the body, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water, and thin-layer modules located inside the body. Each module is a block of parallel rectangular plates located at a certain distance from each other with the formation of precipitation cells. In this case, the plates are combined in such a way that the block has the shape of an inclined parallelepiped, the bases of which are rectangles, two side faces are rectangles, and two faces are parallelograms. In this case, two opposite faces (parallelograms) are located perpendicular to the base (i.e., lie in vertical planes), and two other opposite faces (rectangles) are inclined to the base. The axes of the precipitation cells are parallel to the vertical faces. In this case, the modules are arranged so that their vertical faces are perpendicular to the horizontal line connecting the body axis to the center of the vertical face, and the modules themselves are in contact with each other by the lower internal corners, the openings between the thin-layer modules are blocked by a horizontal partition located at the level of the lower base of the modules (A. S. No. 1101262, IPC B01D 21/00, publ. 07/07/1984).

The claimed object and the prototype match the following essential features. Both devices contain a cylindrical housing, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, coaxially located in the housing, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water, thin-layer modules and a horizontal partition that overlaps the openings between the modules. The thin-layer modules in both devices are made in the form of oblique parallelepipeds with rectangular bases, two side faces located vertically, and two side faces located obliquely, with vertical sides located perpendicular to the horizontal line connecting the axis of the settler to the center of the vertical side.

Analysis of the technical properties of the prototype, due to its features, shows that the following reasons hinder the receipt of the expected technical result. Declared in the prototype the placement of thin-layer modules does not allow for a sufficiently dense filling of the space between the cylindrical wall of the housing and the Central cylindrical flocculation chamber. This leads to a decrease in the area occupied by the modules, and thereby leads to insufficiently high water purification efficiency and productivity. In addition, with a fixed width of the modules, which is determined by the size of the finished standard plates used in the manufacture of the modules, the latter are located at a certain distance from the center of the sump, and this determines the size of the flocculation chamber. The disadvantages of the prototype include insufficient productivity and efficiency of water treatment, insufficient settling area, small volume and low utilization of the volume of the flocculation chamber, as well as the complexity of maintenance and operation of the prototype as a whole.

In the prototype, the flocculation chamber, the water from which flows from below, is fully open in the lower part, which in turn leads to a significant reduction in the residence time of water in the receiving chamber of the prototype, i.e. to reduce the duration of the flocculation period.

The openings between the thin-layer modules (between the thin-layer modules and the wall of the housing, between the thin-layer modules and the wall of the flocculation chamber) are blocked by a horizontal partition located at the level of the lower base of the modules. This leads to the fact that between the modules, the wall of the casing and the wall of the flocculation chamber, pockets are formed, which are gradually filled with sediment, the removal of which is a very time-consuming operation associated with the mandatory stop and emptying of the sump. Meanwhile, the mass of accumulated sediment can ultimately several times exceed the mass of thin-layer modules, which necessitates an unjustified increase in the strength characteristics of structures to hold the modules in the prototype or lead to the collapse of the modules.

Explanations regarding the location of the prototype thin-layer modules in contact with each other by the lower inner corners are presented in the drawings, which show:

- figure 4 - placement of the modules when they contact the lower inner corners of the prototype, a plan view;

- figure 5 is an axonometric image of a fragment of the placement of thin-layer modules of the prototype.

The claimed object is based on the task of creating such a thin-layer flocculator in which improvements by introducing a new mutual arrangement of structural elements will make it possible to use the claimed object to achieve a technical result consisting in increasing the productivity and efficiency of water treatment by increasing the settling area, increasing the volume and utilization rate the volume of the flocculation chamber, as well as in simplifying the maintenance and operation of a thin layer fl the eyepiece as a whole.

The problem is solved in that in the inventive thin-layer flocculator containing a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water, thin-layer modules in the form of inclined parallelepipeds with rectangular bases, two side faces located vertically, and two lateral faces located obliquely, and the vertical faces are perpendicular to the horizontal line connecting the axis of the body with the center of the According to the claimed technical solution, thin-layer modules are in contact with the middle of the internal inclined ribs, the flocculation chamber is equipped with a diaphragm in the form of a truncated cone with the smaller base facing down, and the horizontal partition overlapping the openings between the modules is located on level of the upper base of the modules.

In some cases, manufacturing in the inventive flocculator, thin-layer modules can be made of plates stacked on top of each other, while the plates are equipped with at least two ribs, each of which is made in the form of small plates of length L and width d, and small plates are placed perpendicular to the plane of the plate and are located on the plate parallel to each other at a distance b. In this case, when laying the plates on top of each other due to the presence of ribs, the plates are at a distance d. In this case, the plates are stacked on top of each other so that the long sides of the ribs are inclined to the horizontal plane.

When using the inventive facility, it is possible to achieve a technical result consisting in increasing the productivity and efficiency of water treatment by increasing the area of sedimentation, increasing the volume and utilization of the volume of the flocculation chamber, as well as simplifying the maintenance and operation of the thin-layer flocculator as a whole.

Placing thin-layer modules in the space between the cylindrical wall of the housing and the central cylindrical flocculation chamber in such a way that the adjacent modules touch in the middle of their internal inclined ribs allows for the most optimal placement of the modules with a denser filling of this space with modules, to increase the area occupied by the modules, and increase the area of sedimentation, which in turn helps to increase the efficiency of water treatment and increase productivity and flocculator of the invention.

Equipping the flocculation chamber from the bottom with a diaphragm in the form of a truncated cone, facing a smaller base downward, increases the useful volume of the flocculation chamber, as well as increases the productivity and efficiency of water treatment, simplifies maintenance and operation of the thin layer flocculator as a whole. In the absence of a diaphragm, the water flow entering the flocculation chamber through the tangential inlets located in the upper part of the flocculation chamber (a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber) moves mainly along the walls in space, the volume of which is 10-15% of the volume of the flocculation chamber. If there is a diaphragm, the water flow entering the flocculation chamber through the tangential inlets located in the upper part of the chamber moves in a space whose volume is equal to V _useful :

, $$V_{P\mathrm{about}les}=V_{P\mathrm{about}ln}-\frac{\pi d_d^2}{\mathrm{four}}\cdot h_{\mathrm{to}}$$

,

where V _climbed - the useful volume of the flocculation chamber, m ³ ;

V _full - the total volume of the flocculation chamber, m ³ ;

d _d - the diameter of the holes in the diaphragm, m;

h _to - the height of the flocculation chamber, m

Since usually d _d ≤D _k , where D _k is the diameter of the flocculation chamber, then V _climbed ≥0.7V _full , i.e. significantly more than in the absence of a diaphragm.

Placing a horizontal partition that overlaps the openings between the modules (between thin-layer modules and the wall of the housing, between thin-layer modules and the wall of the flocculation chamber), at the level of the upper bases of the modules makes it possible to constructively simplify and facilitate the process of removing sediment accumulated on the partition, the implementation of which becomes possible only with partial emptying of the inventive thin-layer flocculator to a water level below the upper bases of the thin-layer modules, for example, by rinsing water sediment from the hose into the channels of thin-layer modules.

The implementation of thin-layer modules of plates stacked on top of each other, equipping the plates with at least two ribs, each of which is made in the form of small plates of length L and width d, the placement of these small plates perpendicular to the plane of the plate and their location on the plate parallel to each other at a distance b allow constructively simple to ensure the formation of channels equal in height and width for the water flow in the thin-layer module, the uniform distribution of water flows, and also allows to increase the producer efficiency and effectiveness of water treatment, simplify maintenance, and operation of thin-layer flocculator as a whole.

The essence of the claimed object is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 6 is a vertical section of the inventive thin-layer flocculator;

- Fig.7 - the placement of the modules when they touch the middle of the inner inclined side ribs, a plan view;

- Fig.8 is a perspective view of a fragment of the placement of thin-layer modules in the housing;

- figure 9 is a fragment of the placement of thin-layer modules at the wall of the housing, a plan view;

- figure 10 is a vertical section of a thin-layer module according to III-III in figure 9.

The following notation is affixed to the drawings:

1 - housing;

2 - flocculation chamber;

3 - pipeline for water supply;

4 - a drainage tray;

5 - thin layer module;

6 - scraper mechanism;

7 - pipe to remove sediment,

8 - partition,

9 - aperture

10 - plates of thin-layer modules,

11 - channels in thin-layer modules,

12 - small plates (ribs) in thin-layer modules.

The inventive thin-layer flocculator consists of a cylindrical body 1, a central cylindrical flocculation chamber 2, placed coaxially in the body, pipelines for supplying water 3 (a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber), a drainage tray 4 (a device for draining clarified water), thin-layer modules 5, located in the space between the housing 1 and the flocculation chamber 2 and installed, for example, on supports (not shown), a scraper mechanism 6 with a drive shaft and a central pipe 7 for removing sediment, located on the bottom of the conical one (6) of the housing bottom.

The housing 1 is equipped with at least two pipelines 3 for supplying contaminated water for treatment, which are located in the upper part of the housing 1 and enter the flocculation chamber 2 tangentially. The gaps between the upper bases of the thin-layer modules 5, between the upper bases of the thin-layer modules 5 and the wall of the housing 1 and between the upper bases of the thin-layer modules 5 and the wall of the flocculation chamber 2 are blocked by a horizontal partition 8 located at the level of the upper bases of the modules 5 and preventing water from flowing past the thin-layer modules 5 The flocculation chamber 2 is made in the form of a cylinder with a diaphragm 9 installed in its lower part and made in the form of a truncated cone, facing down with a smaller base.

Thin-layer modules 5 are blocks assembled from, for example, rectangular plates 10, which are arranged in parallel and stacked on top of each other. The plates are combined in such a way that the thin-layer module 5 has the shape of an inclined parallelepiped (Fig. 10) with bases in the form of rectangular parallelograms, two inclined side faces made in the form of rectangular parallelograms and placed to the horizontal plane of the bases of the inclined parallelepiped, for example, at an angle γ = 55 ÷ 60 °, as well as two vertical faces made in the form of parallelograms with an angle, for example, γ = 55 ÷ 60 ° and placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the bases of the inclined parallel elepipeda (8, 9). The plates 10 are laid on each other with a slope, for example, γ = 55 ÷ 60 ° and create a system of inclined channels 11, which are formed by adjacent plates 10 and form an angle γ = 55 ÷ 60 ° with the horizontal plane.

The plates are equipped, for example, with two ribs, each of which is made in the form of small plates 12 of length L and width d (Fig. 10), and small plates 12 are placed perpendicular to the plane of the plate 10 and are located on the plate 10 parallel to each other at a distance b. In this case, when laying the plates on top of each other due to the presence of ribs, the plates are at a distance d. In this case, the plates are stacked on top of each other so that the long sides of the ribs are inclined to the horizontal plane.

In particular, when using plates with ribs, the width of each channel is b, the height is d, and the length is L (Fig. 10).

Each channel in its technical essence is an inclined mini-sump formed by two adjacent parallel inclined plates 10 located one above the other, the lower plate acting as the channel bottom, and the total settling area is determined by the formula:

$$F=\frac{n\cdot a\cdot B\cdot \cos \gamma \cdot L}{d/\sin \gamma }$$

where F is the total area of sedimentation, m ² ;

n is the number of thin-layer modules;

a - the length of the base of the module (figure 10), m;

In - the width of the plate (module) (Fig.9), m;

L is the length of the plate (figure 10), m;

d is the distance between the plates of which the module consists (figure 10), m;

d / sinγ is the vertical distance between the plates, m,

γ is the angle of inclination of the plates to the horizontal plane, γ = 55 ÷ 60 °.

Thin-layer modules 5 in the space between the housing 1 and the flocculation chamber 2 (in the settling zone) are located so that their vertical faces are perpendicular to the horizontal line connecting the axis of the housing 1 with the center of the vertical face, and the adjacent modules are in contact with each other by the midpoints of their internal inclined side ribs (Fig. 8).

The inventive thin-layer flocculator operates as follows. The source contaminated water for treatment is supplied through two tangential pipelines 3 to the flocculation chamber 2, in which, due to the rotational nature of the flow movement, mixing and coarsening of the contaminants contained in the source water and deposition of large fractions takes place. Then, water through the diaphragm 9 of the flocculation chamber 2 flows from top to bottom into the lower part of the housing 1 and then, from below to upwards, it spreads in the space between the flocculation chamber 2 and the wall of the housing 1 (settling zone). In the settling zone, water flows from the bottom up into the channels 11 of thin-layer modules 5. Here, suspended solids still remaining in the water settle to the bottom of the channels 11, aggregate and slide down the inclined plate 10 in the form of aggregates whose dimensions are such that their deposition rate exceeds upstream speed. As a result of this, these units sink to the bottom of the flocculator body 1, and clarified water from the thin-layer modules 5 is discharged through the drainage tray 4. The sediment is moved to the center of the conical bottom of the housing 1 by the scraper mechanism 6 and is removed through the nozzle 7. To prevent water from entering the thin-layer modules 5, the gaps between them and the wall of the housing 1 and between them and the wall of the flocculation chamber 2 are closed by a horizontal partition 8 located at the level of the upper bases of the thin-layer modules 5.

Since the entire surface between the housing 1 and the flocculation chamber 2 at the level of the upper bases of the modules 5 is blocked by a partition 8, water from the lower settling zone, located below the thin-layer modules 5, into the upper settling zone, located above the thin-layer modules 5, can pass only through the thin-layer modules 5 , i.e. must be cleaned.

Due to the fact that the blocks of thin-layer modules 5 are installed so that they are in contact with the housing 1, as well as the midpoints of the inner inclined side ribs with each other (Figs. 7, 8), the area occupied by them and, therefore, the total deposition area will be larger, than when the modules touch the lower inner corners of the bases (Figs. 4, 5). This increases the productivity and efficiency of water purification in the thin layer flocculator that is claimed. In addition, at the same time, it is also possible to increase the volume of flocculation chambers, compared with the prototype, where the modules are in contact with the lower inner corners (Figs. 4, 5). This allows you to increase the duration of the flocculation process and reduce the content of fine particles of suspension in water, i.e. provides increased efficiency of water purification and productivity of the inventive thin-layer flocculator.

In the inventive thin-layer flocculator, the modules are presented in the form of parallelepipeds A ₁ B ₁ C ₁ D ₁ A ₂ B ₂ C ₂ D ₂ and E ₁ F ₁ G ₁ H ₁ E ₂ F ₂ G ₂ H ₂ (Fig. 8, 9, index “1” refers to the corners of the upper bases, and the index “2” refers to the corners of the lower bases). ABCD and EFGH (Fig. 9) are rectangles formed when the parallelepipeds are cut by a horizontal plane passing at half the height of the parallelepipeds, therefore passing through the contact points of the inner inclined ribs (common point DE in Figs. 8, 9). These rectangles are equal to the bases of the parallelepipeds. If there are n modules located at the periphery in the sump, then the rectangles ABCD, EFGH and others form a closed circuit (not shown in the drawings), and the segments AD, ЕН (points D and E coincide, because this is the point of contact of two adjacent modules) and others are sides of a regular n-gon. It is most optimal to take n = 6, or n = 8, or n = 10, or n = 12. Moreover, due to the fact that AD is the side of the regular n-gon, the angle AOD is α = 360 / n and AP = PD = 0.5AD (Fig. 9).

In FIG. 9, points A, B, C, and D are the projections of the corresponding points of the box A ₁ B ₁ C ₁ D ₁ A ₂ B ₂ C ₂ D ₂ onto the horizontal plane on which the base A ₂ B ₂ C lies ₂ D ₂ . We introduce the following notation:

R is the radius of the flocculator body, m;

a is the length of the base of the module (the length of the front side of the base of the parallelepiped (AD = BC = a, A ₁ D ₁ = B ₁ C ₁ = a, Fig. 10), m;

L is the length of the side inclined ribs (figure 10), m;

B is the width of the parallelepiped A ₁ B ₁ = C ₁ D ₁ = AB = CD = B (Figs. 8, 9), m;

γ is the angle of inclination of the plates (and, consequently, of the lateral rib to the horizontal plane, and the precipitation cells), γ = 55 ÷ 60 °;

α is the angle at which the frontal vertical edge AD of the parallelogram (A ₁ D ₁ D ₂ A ₂ , Figs. 8, 9) is visible from the center of the case, α = 360 / n.

Draw a perpendicular from the center of the case to the edge AD (Fig. 9). P and Q are the intersection points of this perpendicular with the faces AD and BC. Connect the point O with the point D, the point D with the point C ₁ and the point O with the point C ₁ . We denote the angle POC ₁ - φ, and the angle CDC ₁ - β.

D ₁ D ₂ and C ₁ C ₂ are the projections of the side ribs of length L on the horizontal plane. To ensure the proper mode of creep of sediment along the bottom of the channel (on plate 10), the angle of inclination of the plates to the horizontal plane is set to γ = 55 ÷ 60 ° (for calculations we take γ = 60 °). Since the angle of inclination of the side ribs to the horizontal plane is 60 °, then D ₁ D ₂ = 0.5L, C ₁ C ₂ = 0.5L, and CC ₁ = DD ₁ = 0.25L.

Obviously, sinφ = (0.5a + 0.25L) / R.

Here and below, all linear dimensions of the quantities included in the formulas (a, L, B, R, segments of OP, OD, C ₁ D, parameter γ) are expressed in meters, and the areas F _cp , F _n in m ² .

We will calculate the OR:

$$OP=R\cdot \cos \varphi -B=R\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{\left(\frac{0.5a+0.25L}{R}\right)}^2}-B.\left(\text{16}\right)$$

On the other hand, the PR can be calculated as follows:

$$OP=OD\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="cos\; \alpha "\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos\; </figure-callout>}\frac{\alpha }{}\frac{}{2}.\left(\text{17}\right)$$

OD can be determined from triangle ODC ₁ :

$$OD=\frac{C_{\mathrm{one}}D}{\sin \angle C_{\mathrm{one}}OD}\cdot \sin \angle O{C}_{\mathrm{one}}D,\left(\text{eighteen}\right)$$

$$\angle O{C}_{\mathrm{one}}D=\beta -\varphi$$

(фиг.9). $$\angle C_{\mathrm{one}}OD=\varphi -\frac{\alpha }{2}$$

(Fig.9).

$$OD=\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\left(0.25L\right)}^2}}{\sin \left(\varphi -\frac{\alpha }{2}\right)}\cdot \sin \left(\beta -\varphi \right)=\frac{\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\left(0.25L\right)}^2}}{\sin \varphi \cdot \cos \frac{\alpha }{2}-\cos \varphi \cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin\; \alpha "\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin\; </figure-callout>}\frac{\alpha }{}\frac{}{2}}\cdot \left(\sin \beta \cdot \cos \varphi -\cos \beta \cdot \sin \varphi \right)\left(\text{19}\right)$$

$$\sin \varphi =\left(0.5a+0.25L\right)/R$$

$$\cos \varphi =\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{\left(\frac{0.5a+0.25L}{R}\right)}^2},\left(\text{twenty}\right)$$

. $$\sin \beta =\frac{0.25\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}{\sqrt{B^{}}}$$

.

After substituting the expressions for sinφ, cosφ, sinβ, cosβ in equation (19), taking into account equalities (16, 17, 18), the equation is obtained:

$$\begin{array}{l}R\cdot \sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{\left(\frac{0.5a+0.25L}{R}\right)}^2}-B=\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}^2+{\left(0.25L\right)}^2}\times \\ \times \frac{\frac{0.25\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}{\sqrt{B^{}}}\cdot \sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{\left(\frac{0.5+0.25L}{R}\right)}^2}-\frac{B\cdot \left(0.5a+0.25L\right)}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R\; B"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R\; </figure-callout>}\sqrt{B^{}}\sqrt{{}^2+{\left(0.25L\right)}^2}}}{\frac{0.5a+0.25L}{R}\cdot \cos \frac{\alpha }{2}-\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{\left(\frac{0.5+0.25L}{R}\right)}^2}\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin\; \alpha "\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin\; </figure-callout>}\frac{\alpha }{}\frac{}{2}}\cdot \cos \frac{\alpha }{2}.\left(\text{21}\right)\end{array}$$

We can introduce the notation y = (0.5 · a + 0.25 · L) and, after simplification, obtain equation (21) in the following form:

$$\sqrt{R^2-y^2}-B-\frac{0.25\cdot L\cdot \sqrt{R^2-y^2}-B\cdot y}{y-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; g\; \alpha "\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t\; </figure-callout>}g\frac{\alpha }{}\frac{}{2}\cdot \sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2}}=0.\left(\text{22}\right)$$

For the case when the modules are in contact with the lower inner corners (figure 4), in the same way you can get the equation:

$$\sqrt{R^2-y^2}-B-\frac{0.25\cdot L\cdot \sqrt{R^2-y^2}-B\cdot y}{y-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t\; g\; \alpha "\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t\; </figure-callout>}g\frac{\alpha }{}\frac{}{2}\cdot \sqrt{R^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="00000022.png,00000026.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2}}=0\left(\text{23}\right)$$

where y = 0.5 · a + 0.5 · L.

Examples of calculations.

1. Initial data: n = 8, α = 45 °; R = 5.0 m; B = 1.5 m; L = 1.5 m.

Calculation results: a _n = 2.54 m; a _cp = 2.65 m; F _cp / F _n = 1.04 m ² ,

where a _n is the length of the base of the module in contact with the internal corners of the lower bases (prototype), m;

a _cp is the length of the base of the module when the modules touch in the middle of the inclined inner side ribs (according to the invention), m;

F _cp - the base area of the module when the modules touch the middle of the inner inclined side ribs (according to the invention), m ² ;

F _n - the area of the base of the module in contact with the lower internal corners of the bases (prototype), m ² .

For the technical solution, which is claimed, when the modules touch the middle of the inclined inner side ribs, the area of sedimentation increases by 4% compared to the case when the modules are in contact with the lower internal corners (according to the prototype), and the volume of the flocculation chamber increases by 8%.

2. Initial data: n = 8, α = 45 °; R = 2.0 m; B = 0.6 m; L = 1.5 m.

For the technical solution that is claimed, when the modules touch the midpoints of the inclined inner side ribs, as a result of solving equation (23), we obtain: _avg = 0.99 m, OR = 0.99 / [2tg (45 ° / 2)] = 1.195 m (OR - the distance from the axis of the flocculator body to the inner faces of the modules, therefore, you can take the radius of the flocculation chamber equal to 1.19 m, Fig.9).

For the case of contact of the modules with the lower angles a _n = 0.84 m. In this case, the radius of the flocculation chamber will be 1.01 m.

The projection area of all inclined plates on a horizontal plane is:

$$F=n\cdot B\cdot \frac{a\cdot \cos \gamma }{d}L\cdot \sin \gamma ,\left(\text{24}\right)$$

where n is the number of thin-layer modules.

Due to the fact that a _{cp is} larger than a _n , the settling area F _cp for the case of contact of the modules with the midpoints of the internal inclined side ribs is larger than the settling area in the case when the modules are in contact with lower internal angles, by almost 18%, and the volume of the flocculation chamber 40% more.

Claims (2)

1. A thin-layer flocculator comprising a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber, a device for supplying water to the flocculation chamber, a device for draining clarified water, thin-layer modules in the form of inclined parallelepipeds with rectangular bases, two side faces located vertically, and two side faces located obliquely, and the vertical faces are perpendicular to the horizontal line connecting the axis of the housing with the center of the vertical face, and the horizontal partition, per kryvayuschuyu openings between the modules, characterized in that the thin-film modules contiguous middles inner inclined edges, the flocculation chamber is equipped with a bottom orifice in the form of a truncated cone, facing the small base downwards and horizontal baffle overlapping apertures between modules situated at the level of the upper base modules. 2. The thin-layer flocculator according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin-layer modules are made of plates, each of which is equipped with at least two ribs, the ribs being made in the form of parallel plates, the planes of which are perpendicular to the plate, and the plates are stacked on top of each other so that the long sides of the ribs are inclined to the horizontal plane.

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