RU2519787C2 - Herbicidal composition in form of water-dispersible granules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in weed control in agricultural crops. The herbicidal composition is obtained from a mixture of ethofumesate, phenmedipham and desmedipham and contains, wt %: ethofumesate 33±10; phenmedipham 27±10; desmedipham 22±10; associated components - the balance. The water-dispersible granules of the composition provide its stability during prolonged storage.

EFFECT: composition has high efficiency of inhibiting weeds in sugar beet.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the use of chemicals for controlling weeds in crops of crops, in particular beets.

Known herbicidal composition according to the patent of Russian Federation 2117426 based on phenmedifam, desmedifam and etofumezat, including an emulsifier consisting of nonionic and anionic surfactants and a co-solvent, stabilizer - citric acid and solvent, and also contains an emulsifier composition. The known composition contains the active substances fenmedifam, desmedifam and etofumezat, which have a herbicidal effect mainly on annual dicotyledonous weeds and some cereals.

However, the known emulsion is not stable, has a low shelf life due to its high freezing point. In addition, the transportation and storage of the composition, which has the form of an emulsion, is associated with high costs for packaging and further disposal of containers.

Known herbicidal composition according to the patent of Russian Federation 2117426 based on phenmedifam, desmedifam, etofumezata and synergist. This composition is made in the form of a mixture of solids. However, to increase the activity of herbicides, additional substances are necessary - synergists.

A disadvantage of the known composition is that in order to achieve the desired biological effect, it is necessary to introduce significant amounts of active substances in the treated areas.

In addition, derivatives of carbamic acid during storage undergo hydrolytic degradation, leading to a decrease in herbicidal activity.

The present invention is the creation of such a composition in the form of water-dispersible granules, which at a more economical expenditure would be more effective in its action, and during storage was more stable.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the herbicidal composition for suppressing weeds in sugar beet crops, as well as to increase its stability during long-term storage.

This result is ensured by the fact that the herbicidal composition based on a mixture of etofumezate, phenmedifam and desmedifam contains, wt.%:

etofumezate - 33 ± 10;

fenmedifam - 27 ± 10;

desmedifam - 22 ± 10;

related components - the rest.

As the tests showed, at a triple concentration of desmedifam, fenmedifam and etofumezat (in comparison with the analogue), the composition acquired an unexpected synergistic effect, which is expressed in higher storage stability. The best synergistic effect was revealed when applying the composition in a mixture with derivatives of cyclohexanedione, sulfonylurea and chloro derivatives of pyridine.

This composition creates a protective film on the soil surface that prevents the germination of weeds for a longer period than a mixture of desmedifam, fenmedifam and etofumezat, in the form of an emulsion concentrate, while increasing the biological effectiveness of the herbicidal composition.

The composition in the form of water-dispersible granules is more economical during transportation, is not demanding on the quality of water, is convenient for dilution, is 100% soluble.

In addition, this composition provides extremely low flow rates at virtually unlimited temperature and soil conditions.

Information on the assessment of the biological effectiveness and properties of the drug

Action spectrum

Post-emergence herbicide for weed control in the cultivation of sugar, table and fodder beets.

Scope of application

The culture

Sugar beet

Harmful objects (with Latin names)

In the recommended application rates, the following weed species exhibit sensitivity to the herbicide (Table 1):

Table 1 leaf ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. white gauze Chenopodium album L. thrown back Amaranthus retroflexus L. cleavers Galium aparine L. pikulnik, species Galeopsis spp. chamomile, species Matricaria spp. field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. poppy samoseyka Papaver rhoeas L. clairvoyant species Lamium spp. fumitory Fumaria officinalis L. Highlander, views Polygonum spp. Purslane garden Portulaca oleracea L. wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum L. field mustard Sinapis arvensis L. common godson Senecio vulgaris L. nightshade black Solanum nigrwn L. asterisk medium Stellaria media (L.) Vill. field yoke Thiaspi arvense L. Veronica Persian Veronica per sica Poir. field violet Viola arvensis L. spreading quinoa Atriplex patula L. millet chicken Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. bluegrass annual Poa annua L.

less sensitive:

Cirsium field Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. cornflower blue Centaurea cyanus L.

highlander Polygonum persicaria L. sow thistle Sonchus arvensis L.

Processing Dates

The drug is used by spraying crops

- when the phase of weed cotyledons appears - three times (on the first, second, third wave) with an interval of 7-14 days;

- in the phase of 2-4 weed leaves - twice (on the first, second wave) with an interval of 7-14 days;

Pest development phase (stage)

When determining the timing of application, it is advisable to focus on the stage of development of weeds.

In the phase of weed cotyledons on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave of 500 g / ha.

In the phase of 2-4 weed leaves in the 1st and 2nd wave, 750 g / ha.

Multiplicity of treatments

Twice or Threefold

Interval between treatments

7, 14 days

Recommended rate of application and method of application

The drug is used by spraying crops.

In the phase of weed cotyledons on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave of 500 g / ha. In the phase of 2-4 weed leaves in the 1st and 2nd wave, 750 g / ha.

The fluid flow rate is 200 l / ha.

Table 2 Culture Harmful object The consumption rate of the drug, g / ha The rate of flow of the working fluid, l / ha Method, processing time, application features Waiting periods (multiplicity of treatments) Exit dates for manual and mechanized work Sugar beet One-year dicotyledonous weeds, including all shiritsa and some annual cereals 500 200 Spraying crops in the phase of weed cotyledons (on the first, second and third wave) 60 (3) - (3) 750 Spraying crops in the phase of 2-4 real weed leaves twice (on the first and second wave) 60 (2)

Examples of the use of the proposed composition

Field experiments

The first experiments on sugar beet crops were carried out in 2007 in the Krasnodar Territory and Voronezh (II zone of cultivating agricultural crops), Ryazan (I zone of cultivating agricultural crops) and Volgograd regions (III zone of cultivating agricultural crops).

When applied three times, the efficacy of using 300, 400 and 500 g / ha of the drug in its pure form and mixed with surfactants Mix, W (300 g / ha + 200 ml / ha) × 3 and (400 g / ha + 200 ml / ha was evaluated ) × 3. As a reference, the herbicide Sinbetan Expert OF, CE (1 l / ha × 3) was used.

When applied twice, the effectiveness of applying 700 and 750 g / ha of the drug in its pure form was evaluated. As a reference, the herbicide Sinbetan Expert OF, CE (1.5 l / ha × 2) was used.

In the Ryazan region in 2007, the experiment was conducted by Ryazan NIPTI APK on crops of sugar beet hybrid Oceon. Crops were littered with white gauze (Chenopodium album L.), clinging bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), reclined pickled amaranthus (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), buckwheat buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus / L./.Love), and medicinal haze (Fumaria officinalis L .). The total contamination of the experimental plot did not exceed 19-28 ind./m, the weight of weeds in the control was 352-438 g / m. With a relatively low level of weed infestation, triple use of the SINBETAN GRAND, EDC preparation in application rates (300 g / ha × 3) for the first, second and third wave of weeds contributed to the suppression of annual dicotyledonous weeds. 30 days after the last application of the herbicide, the number of weeds decreased by 95%, and their weight by 90%. When using the herbicide SINBETAN GRAND, VDG with surfactant Mix, W (300 g / ha + 200 ml / ha) × 3, the number of weeds decreased by 92%, and their weight - by 90%. That is, the use of surfactants did not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of the drug.

SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide, used three times (400 g / ha), destroyed 98% of weeds and reduced their weight by 91%. With a three-time application of the herbicide SINBETAN GRAND, VDG and surfactant Mix, W (400 g / ha + 200 ml / ha) × 3, the number of dicotyledonous weeds decreased by 95%, and their weight by 91%. That is, in this case, the surfactant did not increase the effectiveness of chemical weeding.

The highest efficacy of SINBETAN GRAND, EDC herbicide was observed with three times the use of 500 g / ha of the drug. At the same time, the number of annual dicotyledonous weeds decreased by 99%, and their weight by 95%. The same efficiency was obtained in the reference version.

Double spraying with SINBETAN GRAND, VDG with a normal application rate of 700 g / ha reduced the weediness of crops by annual dicotyledonous weeds by 97% and their weight by 95%. Double application of 750 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, EDC reduced the number of annual dicotyledonous weeds by 97%, and their weight by 96%.

High sensitivity to SINBETAN GRAND, EDC of one-year dicotyledonous species - backed shirits (98-100% death) and tenure (100%) was revealed. The death of Mari white plants ranged from 80 to 91%.

There was no negative effect of SINBETAN GRAND, EDC on the growth and development of beet plants of the Ocean sugar hybrid. When using the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide, the yield of sugar beet root crops increased by 7.4-18.8% compared with the control. With a three-time application of herbicides, the maximum increase in the root crop yield was obtained in the variants with the addition of 500 g / ha × 3 of the studied drug (by 20.2%) and 1 l / ha × 3 standard (21.9%), with the double application of 750 g / ha of the SINBETAN GRAND preparation, VDG (18.8%) and 1.5 l / ha of the Sinbetan standard Expert OF, FE (19.7%).

In the Krasnodar Territory, the experiment was conducted on crops of sugar beet from the Origo hybrid. Crops were littered with field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), white gauze, tilted pinewood, wormwood leaves (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). The weediness of crops by annual dicotyledonous weeds reached 56-63 ind./m ² , the mass of weeds - 1169-1489 g / m. After the appearance of beet seedlings in the experimental plot, three inter-row cultivations were carried out. For the destruction of annual cereal weeds - background spraying with the herbicide Centurion, CE (0.4 l / ha). The counts were carried out before each spraying, 15 and 30 days after the last application of the herbicides. When applied three times: at the time of the first processing, the beets were in the developed fork phase, in the second - in the 1-2 phase, in the third - 2-3 pairs of real leaves; when applied twice: during the first treatment - in the phase of 1-2 pairs, in the second - 2-3 pairs of real leaves. The phase of development of weeds when processing crops for the first time: thrown backworm, white gauze, field mustard were in the cotyledon phase, wormwood - in the seedling phase - 1 pair of true leaves; in the second term, weeds were in the phase of 2-4 leaves.

The weather conditions in 2007 differed from long-term average indicators and were more arid in the period from mid-May to the end of the growing season. This affected the growth and development of sugar beets, but increased the effect of herbicides on weeds.

At the first count of weed, 15 days after the last treatment, the reduction of weed crops in beets in the variants with the use of the SINBETAN GRAND herbicide, VDG and the Sinbetan Expert OF standard, CE made up more than 80%. In the second and third counts, the effectiveness of drugs increased slightly. The effect on the number and weight of weeds was enhanced (up to 83-94%). The addition of MIX, W surfactants increased the effect of the herbicide on average by 2.5%.

Of the species of annual dicotyledonous weeds, the greatest deaths were recorded in field mustard (up to 97-98%), backlash broodstock (81-93%) and white mari (82-94%).

A reliable preserved beet root crop (as compared with the control) was obtained on all variants of the experiment with the application of the herbicide SINBETAN GRAND, VDG and ranged from 18.5 to 35.5 kg / ha (from 9.7 to 14.2%). With the standard, no significant difference in yield was revealed.

In general, studies have shown that for all periods of application, the SINBETAN GRAND herbicide, VDG, regardless of the application rate, greatly reduced the weediness of sugar beet crops by annual dicotyledonous weeds. The death of weeds when applying the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide in its pure form was slightly less (83-95%) than when adding MIX, W surfactant to the working solution (by an average of 2.5%). The effectiveness of the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide for all periods of application was at the level of the standard Sinbetan Expert OF, CE. At the same time, the stored yield was higher with a threefold application of 500 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, VDG (35.5 c / ha) in three waves of weeds.

In the Volgograd region in 2007, the experiment was conducted under irrigation conditions (4 irrigations of 350 m ³ / ha) on the crops of sugar beet of the Ramonskaya 84 variety. Crops were littered with white gauze, thrown backworm, chicken millet (Echinochloa crusgalli / L. / Beauv.) and bristles gray (Setaria glauca / L / Beauv.). The total weediness of crops reached 109-187 ind./m, the mass of annual dicotyledons - 308-446 g / m ² , annual cereal weeds - 342-472 g / m ² . After the appearance of beet seedlings in the experimental plot, two inter-row treatments were carried out.

Three-time spraying of crops in the phase of weed cotyledons on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd wave with SINBETAN GRAND, WDH herbicide (300; 400 and 500 g / ha) or 300 and 400 g / ha mixed with surfactant Mix, W (200 ml / ha) showed high herbicidal activity. 15 days after the last treatment, the death of weeds according to the experimental variants ranged from 84% (300 g / ha) to 93% (400 g / ha + Mix, W, 200 ml / ha). Indicators of weight reduction of annual dicotyledonous weeds were in the range of 93-97%, weight reduction of annual cereal weeds ranged from 80 to 97%. By the period of harvesting sugar beet root crops, the experimental plots were 76-89% cleaner than the control ones, where there were up to 187 weed plants per square meter of crops. The efficiency of three-time application of 1 l / ha of the Sinbetan Expert OF reference standard, CE amounted to 66-81% (death), 90-94% - reduction in the mass of annual dicotyledonous and 66-70% - annual cereal weeds.

The sensitivity of dicotyledonous weed species in the experiment was high, their death was 82-97%. The exception was the bluish bristle plants in the variant with the addition of 300 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, VDG — the death of plants of this species did not exceed 68%. However, in this embodiment, the death of annual cereal weeds exceeded the standard efficiency by 10%.

Double spraying of the experimental plots with the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide (700 and 750 g / ha) reduced the level of contamination of sugar beet crops by 89-91% in quantity; by 93 and 96% by weight of annual dicotyledonous and by 89-94% by annual cereal weeds. The death of dicotyledonous weed species ranged from 79 to 95%. In the variant with the double introduction of the Sinbetan Expert OF standard, CE (1.5 l / ha x 2), the same high results were obtained for reducing the contamination of beet crops. The death of weed vegetation reached 82%, the decrease in the mass of dicotyledons - 93%, monocotyledonous weeds -80%. The sensitivity of annual dicotyledonous weeds was in the range of 85-95%, annual cereal - 78-89%. The protective capabilities of the tested herbicide, as well as the standard when used twice, were preserved until the harvest of sugar beets at the level of 80-84% and 73% in the standard. In the untreated control plots, the number of recorded weeds reached 155 ind./m ² by this period.

A decrease in the competitiveness of weeds in the experimental plots contributed to the formation of an additional crop of crop roots. The yield increase in the variants using the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide in pure form and mixed with surfactant Mix, W ranged from 16.5% (700 g / ha) to 21.3% (400 g / ha + 200 ml / ha). In the variant using the Sinbetan Expert OF standard (1 and 1.5 l / ha), an additional 15.1 and 17.2% of beet root crops were harvested. The average yield of sugar beet root crops in the control was 20.45–20.55 t / ha.

In the Voronezh region (FSII "VNIIZR") in 2007, the experiment was conducted on crops of sugar beet hybrid Alaska. Crops were littered with white gauze, thrown backworm, buckwheat buckwheat (Fallopia convolvulus /L./ A / Love.), Rough mountaineer (Persicaria scabra Moench.), Common pikulnik (Galeopsis tetrachit L.), one-year old chistin (Stachys annua) , gray bristles and green bristles (Setaria viridis / L./ Beauv.). The total weediness of crops amounted to 30-50 ind./m ² , the mass of annual dicotyledonous weeds reached 436-662 g / m ² , annual cereal - 243-197 g / m ² . Before the first fractional spraying, sugar beets were in the phase of the fork, weeds were in the phase of cotyledon leaves. Quantitative accounting 10 days after the first spraying showed that the activity of the herbicide SINBETAN GRAND, VDG (300 and 400 g / ha) was increased by 9-18% when used in a mixture with surfactants Mix, W (200 l / ha). When using the drug without surfactant in the same application rates, the reduction in the number of weeds was 68 and 78%, respectively. A particularly weak effect of the SINBETAN GRAND, VDG preparation when applied in its pure form was observed on annual dicotyledonous weeds (38-69%): white marie (27-50%), rough mountaineer (0-60%), one-year old purum (34-59 %). The starting effect of the maximum application rate of SINBETAN GRAND, VDG (500 g / ha) on the total number of weeds was 81%, on annual dicotyledons - 74%. The effectiveness of the standard Sinbetan Expert OF, FE (1 l / ha) at this time was 94 and 88%, respectively.

The second treatment was carried out 10 days after the first. The culture was in the phase of 1-2 pairs of real leaves, annual weeds - cotyledons - 2 leaves, annual cereals - 1 leaf. On the same day, the first treatment of the variants with double introduction of the preparations was carried out. 10 days after the second treatment (in versions intended for three-time application), the herbicidal effect of the drug was enhanced, and was almost equivalent in all cases (83-92%) and the standard - 100%. However, the effect on white gauze and chisteca annual was not effective enough when using 300 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, EDC without surfactants (43-50%).

In the variants intended for double application, the use of 700 and 750 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, VDG (death of 91% of weeds) was equally high, at 100% efficiency of 1.5 l / ha of the Sinbetan Expert OF format, CE. According to the effect on annual dicotyledonous weeds, the studied herbicide was 15-17% lower than the standard; in the fight against white gauze, it was 13-22% weaker than the standard.

15 days after the last treatments, it was found that the addition of surfactant Mix, W to the working solution led to an increase in herbicidal activity. The number of annual dicotyledonous weeds in the variants treated with 300 and 400 g / ha of SINBETAN GRAND, VDG mixed with Mix, W decreased by 83-89%, without surfactant - by 52-64%, in the standard - by 95%. The death of annual cereal weeds was equivalent in all cases.

Double application of 700 and 750 kg / ha of the studied preparation reduced the total number of weeds by 88% with a standard efficiency of 98%. The effect on young dicotyledonous weeds in the experimental variants was 21-22% weaker than in the reference version (Sinbetan Expert OF, CE - 1.5 l / ha × 2). Subsequent surveys 30 days after the last treatments and before harvesting also showed that in the mixture with surfactants Mix, S, SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide suppressed weeds more effectively than when used in the same application rates in pure form. Weed wet weight data confirmed abundance counts. The decrease in the mass of annual dicotyledonous weeds from the use of the drug in a mixture with surfactant Mix, W was 75-89%; when applying 300 and 400 g / ha in its pure form - 45-69%; from the use of 500 g / ha - 64-80%; standard Sinbetan Expert OF, FE (1 l / ha × 3) - 84-96%.

When the drug SINBETAN GRAND, VDG was applied twice, the decrease in the total mass of weeds was maximum (81-92%) with twice the use of 750 g / ha, while the mass of annual dicotyledons was 70-92% less than the control. At a lower application rate (700 g / ha x 2), the drug reduced the total weight by 61-83%, the weight of annual dicotyledons - by 39-79%. The efficiency of the standard Sinbetan Expert OF, FE (1.5 l / ha × 2) was higher and amounted to 97-98%.

SINBETAN GRAND, VDG herbicide both in pure form and in a mixture with surfactant Mix, F did not have a toxic effect on the culture. The yield of root crops in the experimental variants increased by 49-56% compared with the control without herbicides (28.1 t / ha). There are no significant differences between the experimental options.

Claims (1)

The herbicidal composition in the form of water-dispersible granules based on a mixture of etofumezate, phenmedifam and desmedifam, characterized in that the composition contains, wt.%:
etofumezate - 33 ± 10;
fenmedifam - 27 ± 10;
desmedifam - 22 ± 10;
related components - the rest.