RU2518484C2 - Method for autostereoscopic full-screen resolution display and apparatus for realising said method (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to autostereoscopic displays. The result is achieved by making each column element of the display based on a pair of liquid crystal layers with complementary optical properties. The increase in the degree of separation of views is a result of increase in contrast of modulation of light intensity owing to cancellation of initial birefringence and chromatic dispersion of the liquid crystal layers in each column element of a parallax light shutter. Higher speed of operation is a result of the transition time of switching images of views being defined only by a short reaction time of the liquid crystal layers to application of a high control voltage.

EFFECT: larger viewing angle of a three-dimensional scene, a larger number of observation zones and observed views.

14 cl, 41 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to three-dimensional (3D) displays, more precisely, to multi-angle autostereoscopic displays, and can be used to create glasses-free stationary and mobile televisions, monitors, smartphones, tablets, laptops with multi-angle 3D images at full screen resolution in every angle and compatibility with monoscopic (2D) image.

State of the art

There is a method of autostereoscopic display of 3D scenes, which consists in the fact that using a matrix imager with the number of Q pixels of the screen, they modulate or generate a luminous flux of images of the angles of the 3D scene and using open column elements of the passive (static) parallax barrier, the location period of which is a multiple of the location period columns of the matrix imager, direct the light fluxes of the columns of the image angles in K zones of observation [1].

A disadvantage of the known method is the spatial resolution reduced in Q / K times in the image of each of the foreshortenings, since the image in each observation zone is created only by the Q / K part of the total number of Q pixels of the image sensor.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) to the claimed method according to option 1 is the well-known method [2] of two-way autostereoscopic display of 3D scenes with full-screen resolution in each angle, which consists in the fact that using a matrix imager generates a luminous flux of image angles from which using open column elements of a parallax optical shutter, partial light fluxes of columns of image views are formed and sent to two observation zones the volume in the first and second clocks of the full cycle of imaging of two angles opens the first and second sets of column elements of the parallax optical shutter, and the number Q of pixels of the screen and the number N of columns of the image sensor are chosen equal to the total number of image elements and the total number of image columns of each 3D view the scene.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) to the claimed device according to option 1 is a well-known autostereoscopic display [2], containing a light source sequentially located on the same optical axis, an image sensor and an active parallax barrier, while the image sensor is made in the form of a matrix optical a two-coordinate addressing modulator equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of parallax op shutter equipped with an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the parallax optical shutter, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator, while the output of the parallax optical shutter is optically paired with two surveillance zones.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) to the claimed method according to option 2 is the known method [3] of two-way autostereoscopic 3D scenes, which consists in the fact that a light stream is formed using a light source, from which they are formed using open column elements of a parallax optical shutter partial light fluxes passing through the columns of the matrix imager into two observation zones, while in the first and second measures of the full cycle of image formation s two angles open the first and second sets of column elements parallax optical shutter, while the number of pixels of the screen and the number of columns of the matrix of the imaging device is selected to be respectively the total number of the picture elements and the total number of images of the view columns.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) in the claimed device according to option 2 is a well-known autostereoscopic display [3], containing a light source located on one optical axis, an active parallax barrier and a matrix imager, which is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of a parallax optical shutter with column addressing, equipped with an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the parallax optical shutter, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, whose information output is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, while the output of the matrix optical modulator is optically coupled with two surveillance zones.

In the known method and device according to options 1 and 2, the resolution in the image of each angle (resolution in the observed two-angle stereo image) is equal to the full resolution of the matrix image former (determined by the number Q of its pixels). Due to the use of a parallax optical shutter that transmits partial light fluxes from two different sets of pixels of the image sensor in two clocks, two full-screen image images in two zones are formed for a full cycle of the device (the method), equal to two clocks.

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the possibility of forming only two-way stereo images (the inability to form multi-angle stereo images with K> 2), which reduces the quality of the observed image and reduces the comfort of observation due to the limited range of viewing angles of the observed three-dimensional scene and the limited viewing space due to the minimum number of angles and observation zones at K = 2.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of stereo images and increase the comfort of viewing it.

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved in the way that select the number of N columns of the matrix imager multiple of the number K of angles of the three-dimensional scene, where K> 1, the images of K angles in the corresponding K zones of observation are formed in K consecutive ticks, while in the nth column (n = 1, 2, ..., N) of the matrix imager reproduce a sequence of (N-n + 1) -x columns of K image images, and in each clock cycle, the parallax optical shutter elements located with a period K · p, whose positions are in k th beat e (k = 1, 2, ..., K) are shifted by the value of p relative to the positions of the column elements open in the (k-1) -th cycle, where p is the alternation period of all the column elements of the parallax optical shutter.

The problem is solved in the device by the fact that the source of the stereo image is made K-angle, where K> 2, the parallax optical shutter is made with (N + K-1) address columns, where N is the number of columns in the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, in the center of the k-th observation zone (k = 1, 2, ..., K) the optical paths intersect connecting the centers of the N columns of the matrix optical modulator with the centers of the corresponding N columns of the parallax optical shutter.

The task of improving image quality and increasing the comfort of viewing it is solved in the device and method by achieving two relevant main technical results.

The first main technical result is to expand the viewing angles of the observer of objects of three-dimensional scenes due to the increase in the number of observed angles to K> 2. The second main technical result is an increase in the freedom of movement of the observer when viewing a stereo image by increasing the observation space in proportion to the increase in the number K of observation zones of the three-dimensional scene angles.

In one particular embodiment of the device and the method, the column elements of the parallax optical shutter are made on the basis of two liquid crystal (LC) layers with complementary optical properties, in particular, in the form of two LC layers with mutually orthogonal directions of homogeneous orientation of nematic LC molecules in the initial state LCD layers. The complementarity of the optical properties of two LC layers is ensured by the direction of the axis for the ordinary (extraordinary) ray of one LC layer along the axis path for the extraordinary (ordinary) ray of another LC layer. The performance of the device in all clock cycles is determined only by the short time τ _{rise of the} reaction of the LC layers to the supply of a high control voltage, and the relaxation of pairs of LC layers for a long time τ _{dexy is} carried out during the time of each cycle without any effect on the distribution of light flux specified at the beginning tact.

This achieves an additional technical result - an increase in the contrast of separation of angles and an increase in the speed of the device, and as a result, an additional improvement in the quality of the observed stereo image.

In another particular embodiment of the method and device, each column of the matrix imager consists of a series of closely spaced sub-columns reproducing sub-views of a three-dimensional scene with small angles between adjacent sub-views, as a result of which each observation area has a fine structure: consists of a number of corresponding observation subzones, which, in particular, provides a “superdense” arrangement of the observed sub-angles with the distance between adjacent observation subzones less than the size of the pupil tions (less than the average diameter of the pupil of the observer), which leads to the second additional technical result - better harmonization of accommodation and convergence of the observer's eyes, providing an additional increase comfort stereo viewing.

List of drawing figures

The implementation of the invention is illustrated using the drawing, in the figures of which are presented:

Figure 1 - diagram of the device according to option 1.

Figure 2 - the geometry of the optical paths in the device according to option 1.

Figure 3 - diagram of the device according to option 2.

Figure 4 - geometry of the optical paths in the device according to option 2.

5, 6 - K-angle video camera as a source of image signals of camera angles and sub-angles of 3D scene objects.

7-10 - the geometry of the optical paths in the device with the reproduction of sub-angles.

11-15 - the structure and optical properties of the LCD layers with complementary optical properties.

Fig - the formation of observation zones with landscape and portrait arrangement of the matrix optical modulator.

Fig - the formation of partial luminous flux columns of the image angles in the method and device according to option 1.

Fig.18-23 - reproduction of images of the angles during operation of a private embodiment of the device according to option 1.

24-33 are timing diagrams of the operation of a parallax optical shutter on two complementary LCD layers for a particular embodiment of the device of embodiment 1.

Fig - the formation of partial luminous flux columns of the image angles in the method and device according to option 2.

Fig.35-40 - reproduction of images of the angles during operation of a private embodiment of the device according to option 2.

Fig - color pixel matrix optical modulator.

The implementation of the invention

The device (option 1) contains sequentially located along the optical axis AA ^/ (Fig. 1) a light source 1, a matrix optical modulator 2 with two-coordinate addressing, and a parallax optical shutter 3 with column addressing, the output of which is optically coupled to K observation zones, where K> 1, as well as a signal source 4 of the K-angle stereo image and an electronic control unit 5, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the parallax optical shutter 3, and the input is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo signal source 4 image, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator 2. In the center of the k-th observation zone (k = 1, 2, ..., K), optical paths intersect connecting the centers of the N columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 with the centers of the N columns of the parallax optical shutter 3, characterized by numbers in the range from k to (N-k + 1). The parallax optical shutter 3 is made with G _(I) = N + K-1 address columns, where N is the number of columns of the matrix optical modulator 2. The column numbers of the matrix optical modulator 2, the parallax optical shutter 3 and the number of observation zones are counted for definiteness in one and in the same direction (from left to right in the drawing). For K = 4, i.e. in the case of four observation zones Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ , Z ₄ , the matrix optical modulator 2, represented by section 2 ₁ (Fig. 2), contains N = 6 columns, the parallax optical shutter 3, represented by section 3 ₁ , contains G _(I) = N + K-1 = 9 columns. At the same time, in the center of the first observation zone Z ₁ (corresponding to k = 1), optical paths intersect connecting the centers of six (N = 6) columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 with the centers of six (N = 6) columns of the parallax optical shutter 3 having numbers in the interval from one (g _k = k = 1) to six (g _{N-k + 1} = N-k + 1 = 6), where g = 1, 2, ..., G _(I) .

The period a _{(I) of the} arrangement of the columns of the matrix optical modulator 2, equal to the distance between the centers of the nth and (n + 1) -th columns of the section 2 ₁ , is associated with the period p _{(I) of the} arrangement of the columns of the parallax optical shutter 3, equal to the distance between the centers gth and (g + 1) -th columns of section 3 ₁ , by the expression

where: d _(I) is the distance between the matrix optical modulator 2 and the parallax optical shutter 3;

D _(I) is the distance between the matrix optical modulator 2 and the observation zones Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ , Z ₄ (the distance to the straight line connecting the centers of all the observation zones). Formula (1) follows from the similarity of triangles Z ₁ g (g-1) and Z ₁ n (n + 1).

The distance b between the centers of neighboring observation zones (for example, between the centers Z ₂ and Z ₃ ) is chosen equal to the distance between the centers of the pupils of observation (between the centers of the pupils of the left L and right R of the observer’s eyes). From the similarity of triangles n (n + 1) (g + 1) and Z ₂ Z ₃ (g + 1), the relation

The device (option 2) contains sequentially located along the optical axis BB ^/ (Fig. 3) a light source 6, a parallax optical shutter 7 with column addressing and a matrix optical modulator 8 with two-coordinate addressing, the output of which is optically coupled to K observation zones, where K> 2, as well as a signal source 9 of the K-angle stereo image and an electronic control unit 10, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the parallax optical shutter 7, and the input is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo signal source 9 the brazier, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator 8. The parallax optical shutter 7 is made with G _(II) = N + K-1 address columns, where N is the number of columns of the matrix optical modulator 8. In the center of the k-th observation zone (k = 1, 2, ..., K) the optical paths intersect (Fig. 4) connecting the centers of the N columns of the matrix optical modulator 8 (represented by section 8 ₁ ) with the centers with the centers of those N columns of the parallax optical shutter 7 (represented by section 7 ₁ ) that have numbers between le from (Kk + 1) to (N + Kk). In particular, with N = 9, K = 4, and G _(II) = 12, the optical paths intersect the centers of six (N = 6) columns of section 8 _{1 of the} matrix optical modulator 8 in the center of the first (k = 1) zone Z _{1 of} observation with the centers of six columns of the parallax optical shutter 7, having numbers in the range from four (g _{K-k + 1} = 4) to twelve (g _{N + Kk} = 12), where g = 1, 2, ..., G _(II) . For columns of a parallax optical shutter 7 not shown in the drawing, the corresponding numbers (g = 1, 2, 3 and 10, 11, 12) mark the ends of the straight lines that indicate the optical paths to the corresponding columns not shown in the drawing.

The period a _{(II) of the} arrangement of the columns of the matrix optical modulator 8, equal to the distance between the centers of the nth and (n + 1) -th columns of the section 8 ₁ , is associated with the period p _{(II) of the} arrangement of the columns of the parallax optical shutter 7, equal to the distance between the centers gth and (g + 1) -th columns of section 7 ₁ , by the expression

where: d _(II) is the distance between the matrix optical modulator 8 and the parallax optical shutter 7;

D _(II) is the distance between the matrix optical modulator 8 and the zones Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ , Z ₄ observation. Formula (3) follows from the similarity of triangles Z ₃ g (g + 1) and Z ₃ n (n + 1).

The similarity of the triangles g (g + 1) n and Z ₂ Z ₃ n implies the relation

One of the specific examples of the source 4 or 9 of the K-angle stereo image signal is a multi-channel video camera 11 (Fig. 5), the input of which is optically connected to the object 12 of the three-dimensional scene. The multi-channel video camera 11 is provided with an output for K electronic signals u ₁ , u ₂ , ..., u _k , ..., u _K images of K angles of a 3D scene. The centers K of the observation zones correspond to the central angular directions β ₁ , β ₂ , ..., β _k , ..., β _{K of the} video recording of the images of the K angles, and Δβ is the difference in the angles of the video recording of the images of the neighboring angles counted from their central angular directions.

, соответствующих изображениям S субракурсов

трехмерной сцены (s=1, 2, …, S), при этом диапазон углов съема Δβ^fine·S изображений субракурсов равен разности Δβ углов видеосъема соседних k-го и (k+1)-го ракурсов, где Δβ^fine - разность углов видеосъема изображений соседних субракурсов.Another specific example of the implementation of the source 4 or 9 of the signal of the K-angle stereo image is a multi-channel video camera 13 (Fig. 5), the output of which is the image signal k-from the angle of the object 12 of the three-dimensional scene is represented by a group S of partial signals

corresponding to sub-views S

three-dimensional scene (s = 1, 2, ..., S), while the range of shooting angles Δβ ^fine · S of the sub-angle images is equal to the difference Δβ of the video shooting angles of the neighboring kth and (k + 1) th angles, where Δβ ^fine is the difference of angles filming images of neighboring sub-angles.

, где

, а электрические входы индивидуально адресуемых субстолбцов подключены к соответствующим выходам многоканальной видеокамеры 13. При этом k-и столбец образован рядом из S субстолбцов

, (фиг.8), которым соответствуют парциальные зоны наблюдения

, расстояние

между соседними из которых связано с периодом

формулой (2). Совокупность S из k-x парциальных зон

образует k-ю зону Z_k наблюдения.In the first private embodiment of the device according to option 1 (corresponding to the implementation of the source 4 of the signal of the K-angle stereo image in the form of a multi-channel video camera 13), each of the columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 located with a period a _(I) is made in the form of individually addressable subcolumns (Fig. 7) located with a period

where

, and the electrical inputs of individually addressable subcolumns are connected to the corresponding outputs of the multi-channel video camera 13. In this case, the kth column is formed next to S subcolumns

, (Fig. 8), which correspond to partial observation zones

, distance

between neighboring of which is associated with a period

formula (2). The set S of kx partial zones

forms the kth zone Z _{k of} observation.

, из которого с учетом формулы (2) следуетThe passage into the pupil of observation with a diameter of w _{0 of} more than one partial zone of observation corresponds to the condition

from which, taking into account formula (2), it follows

, где

, а электрические входы индивидуально адресуемых субстолбцов подключены к соответствующим выходам многоканальной видеокамеры 13. При этом k-й столбец состоит из совокупности

субстолбцов (фиг.10), которым соответствуют парциальные зоны наблюдения

, расстояние

между соседними из которых связано с периодом

формулами (3) и (4). Совокупность S k-x парциальных зон

образует k-ю зону Z_k наблюдения. Восприятию зрачком наблюдения диаметром w₀ более чем одной парциальной зоны наблюдения

соответствует выражение

, из которого с учетом формул (3), (4) следуетIn the first private embodiment of the device according to option 2 (with a multi-channel video camera 13 as a source 4 of the signal of the K-angle stereo image), each of the columns of the matrix optical modulator 8, located with a period a _(II) , is made in the form of a series S of individually addressable sub-columns (FIG. .9) located with a period

where

, and the electrical inputs of individually addressed subcolumns are connected to the corresponding outputs of the multi-channel video camera 13. Moreover, the kth column consists of

sub-columns (figure 10), which correspond to partial observation zones

, distance

between neighboring of which is associated with a period

formulas (3) and (4). The set S kx of partial zones

forms the kth zone Z _{k of} observation. Perception by a pupil of observation with a diameter w _{0 of} more than one partial observation zone

match expression

, from which, taking into account formulas (3), (4), it follows

The diameter of the pupil of observation w ₀ in each observation zone corresponds to the average diameter of the pupil of the eye of the observer. The first private variants of the device according to options 1 or 2 under conditions (5) or (6) are characterized by an “superdense” arrangement of sub-angles in the observation zones, in which each observer's eye perceives more than one sub-angle in the observation zone that corresponds to the position of the pupil of this eye .

The symbols a , d, and D without indices are the general designations of the corresponding symbols with indices, respectively, the symbols a _(I) and a _(II) , d _(I) and d _(II) , D _(I) and D _(II) , etc. P. for other similar characters.

A specific example of the implementation of the column element of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7 is in the form of serially optically coupled first linear polarizer 14 (11), the first liquid crystal (LCD) layer 15, provided with the first 16 and second 17 address transparent electrodes, the second LCD layer 18, equipped with a third 19 and fourth 20 address transparent electrodes, and a second linear polarizer 21. Both liquid crystal layers 15, 18 are made with a homogeneous orientation in the initial position of nematic LC molecules and with by dielectric anisotropy Δε> 0 of the LC substance, the axis o ₁ for the ordinary ray and the axis e ₁ for the extraordinary ray of one LCD layer 15 parallel to the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and axis o ₂ for the ordinary ray of another LC layer 18, and the axis polarizations of the first 14 and second 21 linear polarizers are mutually orthogonal or parallel and directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . The optical state control (“open” or “closed”) of the column element of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7 is carried out by changing the magnitude of the control voltages U ₁ and U ₂ applied to the pairs of transparent address electrodes 16, 17 and 19, 20, which creates a variable in magnitude the control electric field in the LC layers 15, 18. The thickness of the LC layers 15, 18 (several microns) is defined by the gap between the transparent glass substrates 22-24, on the facing surfaces of which transparent electrodes 16, 17, 19, 20 (thickness of share mick it).

The homogeneous orientation of the nematic LC molecules in the LC layer 15 corresponds to the orientation of the long axes of all nematic LC molecules in the first direction along the boundary planes of the LC layer 15. The homogeneous orientation of the LC molecules in the LC layer 18 corresponds to the orientation of the long axes of all nematic LC molecules in the second direction along the edge planes of the LC layer layer 18, which is orthogonal to the first direction of orientation of the nematic LC molecules of the LC layer 15. The low-energy state of the LC layer 15 corresponds to the application of a control voltage U ₁ to the LC layer equal to the low bias voltage U _L. In the low-energy state, the LC layer 15 creates in the transmitted (output) light a phase shift φ _L = + π + φ ₀ in an extraordinary ray relative to the phase of an ordinary beam, where φ ₀ is the phase shift due to the residual birefringence of the LC layer 15, which making the same contribution value + φ ₀ in phase shift for each energy state of the LC layer 15. a high control voltage U ₁ = U _H in the high state of the LC layer 15, the corresponding phase shift φ _H = + φ ₀ only due to the presence of residual birefringence To layer 15, when a majority of its LC molecules reoriented along field lines of an applied electric field, but the near-surface (located at the boundary planes of the LC layer 15) LC molecules not completely reoriented because of their energy due to external physical surrounding surfaces. At a certain intermediate value of the control voltage U ₁ = U _mid , the LC layer 15 creates a phase shift φ _mid = + φ _mid + φ _{0 of} an intermediate value.

;

;

) проходящего света одинаковы по модулю, но противоположны по знаку соответствующим значениям фазы проходящего света для ЖК слоя 15. Тогда при прохождении света через два последовательно расположенные ЖК слоя 15 и 18 при любых их одинаковых энергетических состояниях величина φ_Σ совокупного фазового сдвига света φ_Σ=φ+φ^* всегда равна нулю (фиг.13), обеспечивая взаимную компенсацию в фазе выходного света в том числе ненулевого фазового сдвига φ_o, вызванного остаточным двупреломлением в обоих ЖК слоях 15 и 18. При этом из-за разности знаков фазового сдвига двух ЖК слоев 15, 18 имеет место также взаимная компенсация в фазе выходящего света хроматической дисперсии диэлектрической анизотропии Δε для ЖК слоев 15, 18, поскольку хроматическая дисперсия имеет одинаковый характер и знак в фазовом сдвиге необыкновенного луча каждого из ЖК слоев 15, 18, а итоговый фазовый сдвиг для пары последовательно расположенных ЖК слоев 15, 19 определяется как разность фаз между необыкновенными лучами обоих ЖК слоев 15, 19, в которым взаимно уничтожаются дисперсионные компоненты их фазовых сдвигов. Такая взаимная оптическая компенсация практически не зависит от температуры, поскольку температурные изменения фазового сдвига имеют разный знак в ЖК слоях 15, 18.For the LC layer 18, the sign of the phase φ ^{* of the} transmitted light is always opposite to the sign of the phase φ of the light passing through the LC layer 15, since the extraordinary (ordinary) ray in the LCD layer 18 is generated by the ordinary (extraordinary) ray emerging from the LC layer 15. Therefore, for the corresponding three identical energy states for the LC layer 18 phase values (

;

;

) of transmitted light are identical in absolute value, but opposite in sign, to the corresponding values of the phase of transmitted light for LC layer 15. Then, when light passes through two successively located LC layers 15 and 18 for any of their identical energy states, the value φ _{Σ of the} total phase shift of light φ _Σ = φ + φ ^{* is} always zero (Fig. 13), providing mutual compensation in the phase of the output light, including a nonzero phase shift φ _o caused by residual birefringence in both LC layers 15 and 18. Moreover, due to the difference in the signs of the phase mutual shift in the phase of the output light of the chromatic dispersion of the dielectric anisotropy Δε for the LC layers 15, 18, since the chromatic dispersion has the same character and sign in the phase shift of the extraordinary ray of each of the LC layers 15, 18, and the final phase shift for a pair of consecutively located LC layers 15, 19 is defined as the phase difference between the extraordinary rays of both LC layers 15, 19, in which the dispersion components of their phase shifts are mutually destroyed. Such mutual optical compensation is practically independent of temperature, since the temperature changes in the phase shift have a different sign in the LC layers 15, 18.

For a pair of combinations of two mutually unequal extreme energy states (low energy condition for one of the LC layer and the high-energy state for the other LC layer), the quantity φ _Σ cumulative phase shift modulo equal π for the two combinations of extreme energy states of the LCD layers 15, 18, differing only in sign ( Fig.14).

For each of the LC layers 15, 18, the inequality

where: τ _rise is the reaction time of each of the LC layers 15, 18 to the applied high control voltage U = U _H ;

τ _decay is the relaxation time of each of the LC layers 15, 18, determined by the time of the spontaneous transition of the LC layer to its initial state by applying a low voltage U = U _L bias to replace a high value U = U _{H of the} control voltage.

The intensity J of the light transmitted through the column element 25 of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7, for example, with parallel polarization axes of the linear polarizers 14 and 21 when a high voltage U = U _{H is} applied to one of the LC layers 15, 18 to transition from any state illustrated 14, corresponding to the state illustrated by Figure 13, changes in accordance with a reaction time τ _rise (Figure 15), equal to the time of compulsory state transition to the high energy of the LC layer 15 (with a residual phase shift φ _o), the composition of which yaet value on the order of tens or hundreds of microseconds (depending on the applied voltage) in the implementation of the LCD layers 15, 18 on the basis of nematic π-cells [4], while the relaxation time τ _decay (time spontaneous transition to the low energy state of the LCD layers 15 18, corresponding to the π phase delay, is of the order of several milliseconds for π cells.The value of τ _decay depends only on the intrinsic mechanical parameters (viscosity, elasticity constants, etc.) of the LC layers 15, 18.

The spatial topology of the transparent electrodes 16, 17 and 19, 20 is defined by the required topology of electrical addressing of the LCD layers 15, 18 in the column elements of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7.

In a particular embodiment of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7 (Fig. 16), the first group 26 of mutually parallel address transparent electrodes 26 ₁ , ..., 26 _X is on the first side of each LCD layer 15, 18, and the second group 27 of mutually parallel address transparent electrodes 27 ₁ , ..., 27 _Y - on the second side of each LCD layer 15, 18, while the transparent address electrodes of the first group 26 are orthogonal to the transparent transparent electrodes of the second group 27. The ratio of the period p _{x of} alternating transparent transparent electrodes 26 ₁ , ..., 26 _{X is the} first groups 26 to period p _{y of} alternating transparent transparent electrodes 27 ₁ , ..., 27 _{Y of the} second group 27 is equal to the ratio of the period a _{x of} alternating columns of the matrix optical modulator along one address coordinate x to the period a _{y of} alternating columns of the matrix optical modulator 28 along another address coordinate y

, или

до матричного оптического модулятора 28 при его любом (ландшафтном Н или портретном V) расположении. Матричный оптической модулятор 28 соответствует матричным оптическим модуляторам 2 или 8 в вариантах 1 или 2 устройства.Compliance with relation (8) corresponds to a constant distance from the corresponding observation zones

, or

to the matrix optical modulator 28 at any (landscape H or portrait V) location. Matrix optical modulator 28 corresponds to matrix optical modulators 2 or 8 in variants 1 or 2 of the device.

The execution of each pixel of the matrix optical modulator 28 in the form of an RGB triad of 30 color elements corresponds to color images of the angles.

The device operates as follows. When the device according to option 1 is operating, the method according to option 1 is carried out. From the source 4 of the K-angle stereo image signal (Fig. 17), electric image signals of the three-dimensional scene angles are fed to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator 2, by which the light intensity from the source 1 is modulated forming a luminous flux of images of K angles in the corresponding K observation zones in K consecutive clock cycles, where K> 2, while in the nth column (n = 1, 2, ..., N) of the matrix optical modulator 2 reproduce sequentially l (N-n + 1) -x columns of images of K angles, and in the kth step (k = 1, 2, ..., K) using the electronic control unit 5 open the column elements of the parallax optical shutter 3 located with a period K · P, the positions of which are shifted by the value of p relative to the positions of the column elements open in the (k-1) -m clock cycle, where p is the alternation period of all the column elements of the parallax optical shutter 3.

,

,

,

изображений ракурсов). Одновременно на 1-й столбец (с номером n=1) матричного оптического модулятора 2 подают в I, II, III и IV тактах по одному двенадцатые (поскольку N-n+1=12 при n=1) столбцы соответственно третьего, четвертого, первого и второго ракурсов (т.е. последовательность столбцов

,

,

,

изображений ракурсов). При этом на время первого такта I параллельно открывают столбцовые элементы I₂, I₃ и I₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3 (представленного сечением 3₁), период расположения которых составляет Kp=4p. На время второго II такта открывают столбцовые элементы II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄, на время третьего III такта - столбцовые элементы III₁, III₂, III₃ и III₄, а на время четвертого IV такта - столбцовые элементы IV₁, IV₂, IV₃ и IV₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3. В соседних тактах (например, в тактах II и III) позиции открытых столбцовых элементов II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄ сдвинуты на величину р относительно позиций соответствующих столбцовых элементов III₁, III₂, III₃ и III₄.The full cycle of the formation of the K-angle stereo image when implementing the method according to option 1 is considered on a specific example of the formation in four zones Z ₁ -Z _{4 of the} observation images of four angles in 4 consecutive measures I, II, III and IV (Figs. 18-23) . On the nth column of the matrix optical modulator 2, having N = 12 columns and represented by a section 2 ₁ in Fig. 18, four columns of images are fed in 4 consecutive clock cycles (N-n + 1) -e. For example, on the 12th column (with number n = 12) of the matrix optical modulator 2, the first (since N-n + 1 = 1 at n = 12) columns of the first, second, third and fourth angles (i.e. a sequence of columns

,

,

,

image angles). At the same time, on the 1st column (with the number n = 1) of the matrix optical modulator 2, twelve (one N, n + 1 = 12 at n = 1) columns of the third, fourth, first and second angles (i.e. a sequence of columns

,

,

,

image angles). At the same time, at the time of the first clock cycle I, the column elements I ₂ , I ₃ and I _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 (represented by section 3 ₁ ), the location period of which is Kp = 4p, are opened in parallel. For the time of the second step II, the column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II ₄ are opened, for the time of the third step III - the column elements III ₁ , III ₂ , III ₃ and III ₄ , and for the time of the fourth IV step - the column elements IV ₁ , IV ₂ , IV ₃ and IV _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3. In adjacent measures (for example, in steps II and III), the positions of the open column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II _{4 are} shifted by p relative to the positions of the corresponding column elements III ₁ , III ₂ , III ₃ and III ₄ .

,

и

изображений), во вторую зону Z₂ наблюдения - 2-й, 6-й и 10-й столбцы изображения второго ракурса (столбцы

,

и

изображений), в третью зону Z₃ наблюдения - 3-й, 7-й и 11-й столбцы изображения третьего ракурса (столбцы

,

и

изображений), в четвертую зону Z₄ наблюдения - 4-й, 8-й и 12-й столбцы изображения четвертого ракурса (столбцы

,

и

изображений), которые по завершении первого такта составляют первое парциальное 4-х ракурсное изображение PI_I. Во втором такте (фиг.20) через открытые столбцовые элементы II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3 в четырех зонах Z₁-Z₄ наблюдения формируется второе парциальное 4-х ракурсное изображение PI_II, которого дополняет первое парциальное 4-х ракурсное изображение PI_I по составу столбцов изображений ракурсов. В третьем (фиг.21) и четвертом (фиг.22) тактах через соответствующие наборы открытых столбцовых элементов параллаксного оптического затвора 3 в четыре зоны наблюдения попадают остальные столбцы изображений соответствующих ракурсов, формируя третье PI_III и четвертое PI_IV парциальные изображения ракурсов.Specifically, in the first cycle I (Fig. 19), through the open column elements I ₂ , I ₃ and I _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3, the 1st, 5th and 9th columns of the first-view image pass through the first observation zone Z ₁ ( the columns

,

and

images), into the second zone Z ₂ observations - the 2nd, 6th and 10th columns of the image of the second angle (columns

,

and

images), in the third zone Z ₃ observations - the 3rd, 7th and 11th columns of the image of the third angle (columns

,

and

images), in the fourth zone Z ₄ observations - the 4th, 8th and 12th columns of the image of the fourth angle (columns

,

and

images), which at the end of the first measure make up the first partial 4-angle image of PI _I. In the second cycle (Fig. 20), through the open column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 in the four observation zones Z ₁ -Z ₄ , a second partial 4-angle image of PI _{II is formed} , which complements the first partial 4-way image of PI _I according to the composition of columns of image views. In the third (Fig. 21) and fourth (Fig. 22) cycles, through the corresponding sets of open column elements of the parallax optical shutter 3, the remaining columns of the images of the corresponding angles fall into the four observation zones, forming the third PI _III and fourth PI _IV partial image angles.

At the end of 4 measures in four observation zones, a complete 4-angle image PI _Σ (Fig. 23) of a three-dimensional scene is formed, where in each observation zone an image of the corresponding angle with full-screen resolution is reproduced, i.e. as a result, 12 columns of the image of each angle were formed using the 12 column matrix optical optical modulator 2.

With the "superdense" arrangement of sub-angles (Fig. 8), the image signals of which are received from the K-angle video camera 13 (Fig. 6), a feature of the operation of the device according to embodiment 1 is as follows. Each column of the matrix optical modulator 2, consisting of a set of S sub-columns, in each image cycle generates S images of sub-angles in the corresponding observation zone. When condition (5) is fulfilled, the pupil of each observer’s eye simultaneously perceives in the corresponding observation zone more than one sub-view of the image, which leads to an improvement in accommodation accommodation with convergence [5]. Coordination of accommodation and convergence consists in the fact that accommodation (focusing) of the eyes and intersection (convergence) of the visual axes of both eyes, subject to condition (5), occurs at the same point in space where the observed object of the three-dimensional scene is located, which leads to increased comfort stereo image observations for the observer’s visual system, which in this case works under conditions close to the observation conditions of a real three-dimensional scene. If condition (5) is not met, eye accommodation occurs on the screen of the matrix light modulator 2, and convergence occurs on the observed object, which is typical when ordinary stereo images are observed.

In a specific embodiment of a particular embodiment of the method according to embodiment 1, using a parallax optical shutter 3 with column elements based on a liquid crystal, a four-way stereo image is formed in a four-cycle cycle (Figs. 24-33). The parallax optical shutter 3 contains fifteen (G _(I) = N + K-1 = 15 at N = 12 and K = 4) column elements LC1, ..., LCg ..., LCG, the structure and optical properties of each of which are similar to those for LCD element 25 shown in Fig. 11, namely (Fig. 24): the columnar element LCg includes two linear polarizers LP1 and LP2 with mutually parallel polarization axes, between which the first and second serially optically connected ge LCD elements of the first and second LC layers r (φ) and r (φ *), the optical properties of which are complementary to those of the complement The optical properties of the LC layers 15 and 18.

) и столбцовые элементы с номерами g=4, 8, 12 второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) (при подаче на них высокого напряжения управления

) переведены в высокоэнергетическом состоянии S1, в то время как остальные столбцовые элементы второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) находятся в низкоэнергетическом состоянии S2, соответствующем подаче напряжения смещения

. Из оптических свойств ЖК элементов с комплементарными оптическими свойствами (фиг.13 и 14) следует, что в начале первого такта I будут открыты только совокупные столбцовые элементы LC4, LC8, LC12 параллаксного оптического затвора 3, которые включают в себя 4-й, 8-й и 12-й ЖК элементы первого ЖК слоя r(φ) и 4-й, 8-й и 12-й ЖК элементы второго ЖК слоя r(φ*), все из которых находятся в высокоэнергетическом состоянии S1, а все остальные столбцовые элементы параллаксного оптического затвора будут закрыты. Высокоэнергетические состояния

,

,

столбцовых элементов LC4, LC8 и LC12, поддерживаются, например, до наступлении момента времени Т-τ_decay, (где Т - длительность одного такта), а затем на этих столбцовых ЖК элементах высокое напряжение

,

сменяют на низкое напряжение

,

, что приводит к постепенному, в течение времени τ_decay, переходу (релаксации) всех этих столбцовых ЖК элементов в низкоэнергетическое состояние S2, (к переходу в соответствующие низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

), и окончание этого перехода совпадает с окончанием времени T первого такта I. Однако оптическое состояние каждого из столбцовых элементов LC4, LC8 и LC12 не меняется в процессе их перехода из высокоэнергетических состояний

,

,

в низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

(фиг.13) в силу комплементарности оптических свойств ЖК слоев r(φ) и r(φ*), поэтому столбцовые элементы I₁, I₂, I₃ параллаксного оптического затвора 3 остаются открытыми в течение всего первого такта.When implementing a private variant of the method in the first step I of its implementation (Fig. 24), corresponding to the formation of a partial 4-angle image PI _I (Fig. 19), the column elements I ₂ , I ₂ , I _{3 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 are opened, which correspond to the total columnar LC elements LC4, LC8, LC12, each of which includes a pair of LC elements of the layers r (φ) and r (φ *) with the same numbers. At the beginning of the first clock cycle I, all column elements (Fig. 24) of the first LC layer r (φ) (when a high control voltage is applied to them

) and column elements with numbers g = 4, 8, 12 of the second LC layer r (φ *) (when a high control voltage is applied to them

) are transferred in the high-energy state S1, while the remaining column elements of the second LC layer r (φ *) are in the low-energy state S2 corresponding to the bias voltage

. From the optical properties of the LCD elements with complementary optical properties (Figs. 13 and 14), it follows that at the beginning of the first cycle I, only the aggregate column elements LC4, LC8, LC12 of the parallax optical shutter 3, which include the 4th, 8- the 1st and 12th LC elements of the first LC layer r (φ) and the 4th, 8th and 12th LC elements of the second LC layer r (φ *), all of which are in the high-energy state S1, and all the rest are columnar the parallax optical shutter elements will be closed. High energy states

,

,

column elements LC4, LC8 and LC12, are supported, for example, until the time T-τ _decay , (where T is the duration of one cycle), and then high voltage on these column LCD elements

,

replaced by low voltage

,

, which leads to a gradual (during the time τ _decay ) transition (relaxation) of all these columnar LC elements to the low-energy state S2, (to the transition to the corresponding low-energy states

,

,

), and the end of this transition coincides with the end of time T of the first clock I. However, the optical state of each of the column elements LC4, LC8, and LC12 does not change during their transition from high-energy states

,

,

to low energy states

,

,

(Fig. 13) due to the complementarity of the optical properties of the LCD layers r (φ) and r (φ *), therefore, the column elements I ₁ , I ₂ , I _{3 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 remain open throughout the entire first cycle.

,

,

соответственно 4-го, 8-го и 12-го столбцовых элементов первого ЖК слоя r(φ) быстро меняют на высокоэнергетические

,

,

за счет подачи на высоких напряжений

на эти ЖК элементы, и за это же время τ_rise низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

,

3-го, 7-го, 11-го и 15-го столбцовых элементов второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) меняют на высокоэнергетические

,

,

и

за счет подачи высокого напряжения

на эти столбцовые элементы. Это приводит к быстрому (за время τ_rise) закрытию 4-го, 8-го и 12-го совокупных столбцовых элементов LC4, LC8 и LC12, т.е. к получению близких к нулю соответствующих значений J₄, J₈, J₁₂ интенсивности света на их выходах, и к аналогичному быстрому открытию (за время τ_rise) 3-го, 7-го, 11-го и 15-го совокупных столбцовых элементов LC3, LC7, LC11 и LC15, т.е. к получению максимальных соответствующих значений J₃, J₇, J₁₁, J₁₅ интенсивности света на их выходах.In the time interval between the first and second clock cycles (Fig. 25), during the time τ _rise, low-energy states

,

,

respectively, the 4th, 8th, and 12th column elements of the first LC layer r (φ) are rapidly changed to high-energy

,

,

due to high voltage feed

on these LC elements, and during the same time τ _rise low-energy states

,

,

,

Of the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th column elements of the second LC layer, r (φ *) is changed to high-energy

,

,

and

due to high voltage

to these column elements. This leads to a quick (during τ _rise ) closure of the 4th, 8th, and 12th aggregate column elements LC4, LC8, and LC12, i.e. to obtain close to zero corresponding values of J ₄ , J ₈ , J ₁₂ light intensities at their outputs, and to a similar quick opening (during τ _rise ) of the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th aggregate column elements LC3, LC7, LC11 and LC15, i.e. to obtain the maximum corresponding values of J ₃ , J ₇ , J ₁₁ , J ₁₅ the light intensity at their outputs.

,

,

и

) вплоть до наступлении момента времени Т-τ_decay, а затем на обоих ЖК элементах высокие напряжения

,

быстро меняют на низкие напряжения

,

, что приводит к постепенному переходу (релаксации) каждого из этих ЖК элементов в низкоэнергетическое состояние S2 (в соответствующие низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

) в течение времени τ_decay, окончание которого совпадает с окончанием времени Т второго такта II. Оптическое состояние каждого из совокупных столбцовых элементов LC3, LC7, LC11 и LC15 в процессе их перехода из высокоэнергетических состояний

,

,

и

в низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

не меняется (фиг.13), поэтому в течение всего второго такта столбцовые элементы II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3 остаются открытыми.During the second bar II (Fig. 26), the open column elements LC3, LC7, LC11, LC15 correspond to the open column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 during the formation of the partial 4-angle stereo image PI _II ( Fig.20). Column elements LC3, LC7, LC11 and LC15 are maintained in the first energy state S1 (in high energy states

,

,

and

) until the time T-τ _decay , and then high voltage on both LCD elements

,

quickly change to low voltage

,

, which leads to a gradual transition (relaxation) of each of these LC elements to the low-energy state S2 (to the corresponding low-energy states

,

,

and

) during the time τ _decay , the end of which coincides with the end of time T of the second measure II. The optical state of each of the aggregate column elements LC3, LC7, LC11, and LC15 during their transition from high-energy states

,

,

and

to low energy states

,

,

and

does not change (Fig.13), therefore, throughout the entire second cycle, the column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 remain open.

,

,

и

меняют на высокоэнергетические

,

,

и

подачей высокого напряжения

, а низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

,

для 2-го, 6-го, 10-го и 14-го столбцовых элементов второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) за время τ_rise меняют на высокоэнергетические

,

,

,

подачей высокого напряжения

. Это приводит к быстрому закрытию (за время τ_rise) 3-го, 7-го, 11-го и 15-го совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементов LC3, LC7, LC11 и LC15 (к получению близких к нулю соответствующих значений J₃, J₇, J₁₁, J₁₅ интенсивности света на их выходах), и к быстрому открытию (за время τ_rise) 2-го, 6-го, 10-го и 14-го совокупных ЖК столбцовых элементов LC2, LC6, LC10 и LC14 (к получению максимальных соответствующих значений J₂, J₆, J₁₀, J₁₄ интенсивности света на их выходах).In the time interval between the second and third cycles (Fig. 27) during the time τ _rise for the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th column LC elements of the first LC layer r (φ) low-energy states

,

,

and

change to high energy

,

,

and

high voltage

, and low-energy states

,

,

,

for the 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th column elements of the second LC layer, r (φ *) during the time τ _{rise is} changed to high-energy

,

,

,

high voltage

. This leads to the rapid closure (during τ _rise ) of the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th aggregate columnar LC elements LC3, LC7, LC11 and LC15 (to obtain the corresponding values of J ₃ , J ₇ close to zero , J ₁₁ , J ₁₅ light intensities at their outputs), and to the quick opening (during τ _rise ) of the 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th aggregate LC column elements LC2, LC6, LC10 and LC14 ( to obtain the maximum corresponding values of J ₂ , J ₆ , J ₁₀ , J ₁₄ the light intensity at their outputs).

,

,

и

) вплоть до наступлении момента времени Т-τ_decay, а затем на этих совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементах высокие напряжения

,

меняют на низкие напряжения

,

, что приводит к постепенному переходу (релаксации) каждого из этих совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементов в низкоэнергетическое состояние S2 (в соответствующие низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

) в течение времени τ_decay, окончание которого совпадает с окончанием времени Т третьего такта III. Оптическое состояние каждого из совокупных столбцовых элементов LC2, LC6, LC10 и LC14 в процессе их перехода из высокоэнергетических состояний

,

,

и

в низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

не меняется, поэтому в течение всего третьего такта столбцовые элементы III₁, III₂, III₃ и III₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3 остаются открытыми.During the third step II (Fig. 28), the open aggregate LC column elements LC2, LC6, LC10 and LC14 correspond to the open column elements III ₁ , III ₂ , III ₃ and III _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 during the formation of a partial 4-angle stereo image PI _III (Fig.21). Column LC elements LC2, LC6, LC10 and LC14 support in the first energy state S1 (in high-energy states

,

,

and

) up to the time T-τ _decay , and then high voltages on these aggregate columnar LCD elements

,

change to low voltage

,

, which leads to a gradual transition (relaxation) of each of these combined columnar LC elements to the low-energy state S2 (to the corresponding low-energy states

,

,

and

) during the time τ _decay , the end of which coincides with the end of time T of the third measure III. The optical state of each of the aggregate column elements LC2, LC6, LC10 and LC14 during their transition from high-energy states

,

,

and

to low energy states

,

,

and

does not change, therefore, throughout the entire third cycle, the column elements III ₁ , III ₂ , III ₃ and III _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 remain open.

,

,

и

меняются на высокоэнергетические

,

,

и

при подаче высокого напряжения

, а низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

,

для 1-го, 5-го, 9-го и 15-го столбцовых элементов второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) за время τ_rise меняются на высокоэнергетические

,

,

,

при подаче высокого напряжения

. Это приводит к быстрому закрытию (за время τ_rise) 2-го, 6-го, 10-го и 14-го совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементов LC2, LC6, LC10 и LC14 (к получению близких к нулю соответствующих значений J₂, J₆, J₁₀, J₁₄ интенсивности света на их выходах), и к быстрому открытию (за время τ_rise) 1-го, 5-го, 9-го и 15-го совокупных ЖК столбцовых элементов LC1, LC5, LC9 и LC15 (к получению максимальных соответствующих значений J₁, J₅, J₉, J₁₅ интенсивности света на их выходах).In the time interval between the third and fourth cycles (Fig. 29) during the time τ _rise for the 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th columnar LC elements of the first LC layer r (φ) low-energy states

,

,

and

change to high energy

,

,

and

when applying high voltage

, and low-energy states

,

,

,

for the 1st, 5th, 9th and 15th column elements of the second LC layer, r (φ *) during the time τ _rise changes to high-energy

,

,

,

when applying high voltage

. This leads to the rapid closure (during τ _rise ) of the 2nd, 6th, 10th, and 14th aggregate columnar LC elements LC2, LC6, LC10 and LC14 (to obtain the corresponding values of J ₂ , J ₆ close to zero , J ₁₀ , J ₁₄ light intensities at their outputs), and to the quick opening (during τ _rise ) of the 1st, 5th, 9th and 15th aggregate LC column elements LC1, LC5, LC9 and LC15 ( to obtain the maximum corresponding values of J ₁ , J ₅ , J ₉ , J ₁₅ light intensity at their outputs).

,

,

и

) вплоть до наступлении момента времени T-τ_decay, а затем на этих совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементах высокое напряжение

,

сменяется на низкое напряжение

,

, что приводит к постепенному переходу (релаксации) каждого из этих совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементов в низкоэнергетическое состояние S2 (в соответствующие низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

) в течение времени τ_decay, окончание которого совпадает с окончанием времени Т четвертого такта IV. Оптическое состояние каждого из совокупных столбцовых элементов LC1, LC5, LC5 и LC13 в процессе их перехода из высокоэнергетических состояний

,

,

и

в низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

и

не меняется, т.е. в течение всего четвертого такта остаются открытыми столбцовые элементы IV₁, IV₂, IV₃ и IV₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 3.During the fourth cycle IV (Fig. 30), the open aggregate LC column elements LC1, LC5, LC9 and LC13 correspond to the open column elements IV ₁ , IV ₂ , IV ₃ and IV _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 during the formation of a partial 4-angle stereo image PI _IV (Fig. 22). Column LC elements LC1, LC5, LC9 and LC13 support 51 in the first energy state (in high-energy states

,

,

and

) until the time T-τ _decay , and then on these aggregate columnar LCD elements, high voltage

,

low voltage

,

, which leads to a gradual transition (relaxation) of each of these combined columnar LC elements to the low-energy state S2 (to the corresponding low-energy states

,

,

and

) during the time τ _decay , the end of which coincides with the end of time T of the fourth measure IV. The optical state of each of the aggregate column elements LC1, LC5, LC5, and LC13 during their transition from high-energy states

,

,

and

to low energy states

,

,

and

does not change, i.e. during the entire fourth cycle, the column elements IV ₁ , IV ₂ , IV ₃ and IV _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 3 remain open.

,

,

и

меняются на высокоэнергетические

,

,

и

за счет подачи на высокого напряжения

, а низкоэнергетические состояния

,

,

для 4-го, 8-го и 12-го столбцовых элементов второго ЖК слоя r(φ*) за время τ_rise меняют на высокоэнергетические

,

,

подачей высокого напряжения

. Это приводит к быстрому закрытию за время τ_rise 1-го, 5-го, 9-го и 11-го совокупных столбцовых ЖК элементов LC1, LC5, LC9 и LC11 (к получению близких к нулю соответствующих значений J₁, J₅, J₉, J₁₁ интенсивности света на их выходах), и к быстрому открытию за то же время τ_rise 4-го, 8-го и 12-го совокупных ЖК столбцовых элементов LC4, LC8 и LC12 (к получению максимальных соответствующих значений J₄, J₈, J₁₂ интенсивности света на их выходах).In the time interval between the fourth measure of the current cycle and the first measure of the next cycle (Fig. 31) during the time τ _rise , for the 1st, 5th, 9th and 11th columnar LC elements of the first LC layer r (φ), low-energy state

,

,

and

change to high energy

,

,

and

due to high voltage feed

, and low-energy states

,

,

for the 4th, 8th, and 12th column elements of the second LC layer, r (φ *) during the time τ _{rise is} changed to high-energy

,

,

high voltage

. This leads to a quick closure of the 1st, 5th, 9th and 11th aggregate columnar LC elements LC1, LC5, LC9 and LC11 during τ _rise (to obtain corresponding values of J ₁ , J ₅ , J close to zero ₉ , J ₁₁ the light intensities at their outputs), and by the rapid opening at the same time τ _rise of the 4th, 8th and 12th aggregate LC column elements LC4, LC8 and LC12 (to obtain the maximum corresponding values of J ₄ , J ₈ , J ₁₂ light intensities at their outputs).

,

.Next is the first measure of the next (second) cycle of forming a 4-angle stereo image with the subsequent repetition of four measures of the next cycle (Fig. 32). The fronts of the transition of any of the aggregate LC column elements of the parallax optical shutter 3 from the closed state to the open and vice versa are determined only by the short time τ _{rise of the} transition of the LC layers r (φ), r (φ *) from the low-energy state to the high-energy state due to the supply of high voltages

,

.

The second specific example of the method implementation according to option 1 differs from the considered first specific example in that the start of opening of each aggregate LCD column element of the parallax optical shutter 3 in each cycle is delayed by the time ΔT (Fig. 33), which is necessary to complete the image formation of the angles by a matrix optical modulator 2, and the angle formed image is reproduced in the respective zones during the observation time T ₀ the open state of the LCD elements of column parallaksnog optical shutter 3.

From the generalization of the considered specific examples, it follows that the corresponding particular variant of the method according to option 1 (based on the use of a parallax optical shutter 3 with LCD column elements) is that in each column element LC1, ..., LCg, ... of the parallax optical shutter 3 with the first linear polarizer LP1 set the first state of polarization of light, affect the set state of polarization of light by two successively optically coupled column elements of two LCD layer in r (φ), r (φ *) with complementary optical properties and convert the polarization modulation to light intensity modulation using the second linear polarizer LP2, while for any identical for both LC layers r (φ), r (φ *) energy states of polarization of light passing through both LC layers r (φ), r (φ *) does not change compared to the state of polarization of the input light, but in two extreme energy layers for two LC layers r (φ), r (φ *) The states of the transmitted light flux acquire a polarization state orthogonal to the state polarization of the input light, and the extreme energy states of each LC layer correspond to its high-energy and low-energy states, while by the beginning of the kth step, all the column elements of the first LC layer r (φ) and the column elements located in the kth working row are converted to the high-energy state the second LC layer r (φ *), leaving the rest of its column elements in a low-energy state, during the k-th step, the column elements located in the k-th working row are transferred to the low-energy state the second LC layer r (φ *) and the column elements of the first LC layer r (φ) located in the kth working row, and in the time interval between the kth measure and (k + 1) -th measures, the columnar the elements of the k-th working row of the first LC layer r (φ) and the column elements of the (k + 1) -th working row of the second LC layer r (φ *), while setting the position period of the column elements in each working row of each equal to K LC layer r (φ), r (φ *) and p equal to p is the shift between the kth and (k + 1) -th working rows of column elements of each LC layer r (φ) and r (φ *).

The method according to option 2 is carried out during operation of the device according to option 2 (Fig. 34). From the source 9 of the K-angle stereo image signal, the electrical image signals of the angles of the three-dimensional scene are fed to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator 7, with which the light intensity from the source 6 is modulated, forming a luminous flux of images of the K angles in the corresponding K. observation zones in K consecutive clock cycles, where K> 2, while in the nth column (n = 1, 2, ..., N) of the matrix optical modulator 7 reproduce a sequence of (N-n + 1) -x columns of images of K angles, and in the kth measure ( k = 1, 2, ..., K) using electric The control unit 10 opens the column elements of the parallax optical shutter 8, located with a period K · p, whose positions are shifted by a value p relative to the positions of the corresponding column elements open in the (k-1) -th cycle, where p is the alternation period of all column elements parallax optical shutter 8.

,

,

и

изображений ракурсов). Одновременно в 1-м столбце (с номером n=1) матричного оптического модулятора 8 воспроизводят в I, II, III и IV тактах шестнадцатые (N-n+1=16) столбцы соответственно первого, четвертого, третьего и второго ракурсов (т.е. воспроизводят последовательность столбцов

,

,

,

изображений ракурсов). При этом на время первого такта I параллельно открывают столбцовые элементы I₁, I₂, I₃ и I₄ параллаксного оптического затвора 7 (представленного сечением 7₁), период расположения которых составляет Kp=4p для K=4. На время второго II такта открывают столбцовые элементы II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄ (а также элементы II₀ и II₅, не показанные на чертеже), на время третьего III такта - столбцовые элементы III₁, III₂, III₃ и III₄ (а также элементы III₀ и III₅, не показанные на чертеже), а на время четвертого IV такта - столбцовые элементы IV₁, IV₂, IV₃ и IV₄ (а также элементы IV₀ и IV₅, не показанные на чертеже) параллаксного оптического затвора 7. В соседних тактах (например, в тактах II и III) позиции открытых столбцовых элементов II₁, II₂, II₃ и II₄ сдвинуты на величину р относительно позиций соответствующих столбцовых элементов III₁, III₂, III₃ и III₄.The full cycle of the formation of the K-angle stereo image during the implementation of the method according to option 2 is considered on a specific example of the formation of images of 4 angles in 4 zones Z ₁ -Z ₄ , observation in 4 consecutive measures I, II, III and IV (Fig. .35-40). In the nth column of the matrix optical modulator 8, having N = 16 columns and represented by the cross section 8 ₁ (Fig. 35), reproduce one by one in 4 consecutive ticks (N-n + 1) -e columns of 4-angle images . In particular, in the 16th column (with number n = 16) of the matrix optical modulator 8, the first (N-n + 1 = 1 for N = 16 and n = 16) columns of the fourth, respectively, are reproduced in I, II, III, and IV cycles , third, second and first angles (i.e. reproduce a sequence of columns

,

,

and

image angles). At the same time, in the 1st column (with the number n = 1) of the matrix optical modulator 8, sixteenth (N-n + 1 = 16) columns of the first, fourth, third and second angles, respectively, are reproduced in I, II, III and IV cycles (t. e. reproduce the sequence of columns

,

,

,

image angles). At the same time, at the time of the first cycle I, the column elements I ₁ , I ₂ , I ₃ and I _{4 of the} parallax optical shutter 7 (represented by section 7 ₁ ), the location period of which is Kp = 4p for K = 4, are opened in parallel. For the time of the second step II, the column elements II ₁ , II ₂ , II ₃ and II ₄ are opened (as well as the elements II ₀ and II ₅ not shown in the drawing), for the time of the third step III - the column elements III ₁ , III ₂ , III ₃ and III ₄ (as well as elements III ₀ and III ₅ , not shown in the drawing), and at the time of the fourth IV step - column elements IV ₁ , IV ₂ , IV ₃ and IV ₄ (as well as elements IV ₀ and IV ₅ , not shown) of parallax optical shutter 7. in the adjacent bars (e.g., bars II and III) the open position the elements of column II _1, II _2, II ₃ and II ₄ are shifted by the amount of p relative positions sootvets vuyuschih elements of column III _1, III _2, III III ₃ and _4.

,

,

и

изображений), во вторую зону Z₂ наблюдения - 3-й, 7-й, 11-й и 15-й столбцы изображения второго ракурса (столбцы

,

,

и

изображений), в третью зону Z₃ наблюдения - 2-й, 6-й, 10-й и 14-й столбцы изображения третьего ракурса (столбцы

,

,

и

изображений), в четвертую зону Z₄ наблюдения - 1-й, 5-й, 9-й и 13-й столбцы изображения четвертого ракурса (столбцы

,

,

и

изображений), которые по завершении первого такта вместе составляют первое парциальное 4-х ракурсное изображение PI_I. Аналогично формируют взаимно дополняющие парциальные 4-х ракурсные изображения PI_II, PI_III, PI_IV соответственно во втором (фиг.37), третьем (фиг.38) и четвертом (фиг.39) тактах. По завершении 4-х тактов в четырех зонах наблюдения сформировано полное 4-х ракурсное изображение PI_Σ (фиг.40) трехмерной сцены, где в каждой зоне наблюдения сформировано изображение соответствующего ракурса с полноэкранным разрешением, т.е. в итоге сформировано 16 столбцов изображения каждого ракурса при использовании 16-ти столбцового матричного оптического модулятора 8.Specifically, in the first bar I (Fig. 36) through the open column elements I₂, I₂, I₃ and I_four parallax optical shutter 7 to the first zone Z_one observations are held on the 4th, 8th and 12th and 16th columns of the first-view image (columns

,

,

 and

 images), into the second zone Z₂ observations - the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th columns of the second-view image (columns

,

,

 and

 images), in the third zone Z₃ observations - the 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th columns of the third-view image (columns

,

,

 and

 images), to the fourth zone Z_four observations - the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th columns of the fourth view image (columns

,

,

 and

 images), which at the end of the first measure together make up the first partial 4-angle image PI_I. Mutually complementary partial 4-angle PI images are similarly formed_II, PI_III, PI_IV respectively, in the second (Fig. 37), third (Fig. 38) and fourth (Fig. 39) measures. At the end of 4 measures in four observation zones, a complete 4-angle image of PI is formed_Σ (Fig. 40) of a three-dimensional scene, where in each observation zone an image of the corresponding angle with full-screen resolution is formed, i.e. as a result, 16 columns of the image of each angle were formed using the 16-column matrix optical modulator 8.

When implementing a private variant of the method and operating a private variant of the device according to embodiment 2 with a parallax optical shutter 7 containing column elements made in the form of LCD column elements (similar to LCD column elements LCg of the parallax optical shutter 3), the sequence of their switching between open and closed states with a shift by the value of p between each adjacent clock cycles is similar to the sequence of switching the LCD column elements LCg (Fig.24-33) when the device is operating and the corresponding variant of the method according to option 1.

With the "super-dense" arrangement of the sub-image image columns (Fig. 10), the signals of which are received from the K-angle video camera 13 (Fig. 6), a feature of the operation of the device according to embodiment 2 is that when condition (6) is fulfilled, in each clock cycle image S sub-angles in the corresponding observation area, and when the pupil of each eye of the observer simultaneously perceives more than one sub-column of the image. At the same time, there is an additional technical result - improving the comfort of perceiving stereo images by the observer’s visual system due to improved matching of eye accommodation with their convergence.

при вертикальном V (портретном) расположении матричного оптического модулятора 28. Переключение столбцовых элементов параллаксного оптического затвора 29 набором 27 адресных электродов 27₁-27_Y обеспечивает формирование K-ракурсного стереоизображения в зонах

при горизонтальном (ландшафтном) расположении матричного оптического модулятора 28. При этом выполнение условия (8) обеспечивает неизменное расстояние просмотра стереоизображения для наблюдателя для любой ориентации Н, V матричного оптического модулятора 28, соответствующего матричным оптическим модуляторам 2 и 8 в варианте 1 и 2 устройства.A feature of the operation of the device according to options 1 or 2 in the particular embodiment of the parallax optical shutter 3 or 7 in the form of a parallax optical shutter 29 with two groups of address electrodes on two sides of the LCD layer (Fig. 16) is that the column elements of the parallax optical shutter are switched 29 a set of 26 address electrodes 26 ₁ -26 _Y provides the formation of a K-angle stereo image in the zones

with a vertical V (portrait) arrangement of the matrix optical modulator 28. Switching the column elements of the parallax optical shutter 29 with a set of 27 address electrodes 27 ₁ -27 _Y provides the formation of a K-angle stereo image in the zones

with a horizontal (landscape) arrangement of the matrix optical modulator 28. Moreover, the fulfillment of condition (8) provides a constant viewing distance of the stereo image for the observer for any orientation H, V of the matrix optical modulator 28 corresponding to the matrix optical modulators 2 and 8 in embodiment 1 and 2 of the device.

The presence of a color RGB triad for the color components of the generated image in each pixel of the matrix optical modulator 2 or 8 (Fig. 16, 41) corresponds to the formation of a color image in all variants of the method and device.

The advantage of the method and device is the parallel formation of partial images simultaneously in all observation zones in each clock cycle. This means that at any time the formation of the stereo image there will be no difference in the brightness of light between the observed two eyes of any two camera angles as the main cause of the flickering of the observed stereo image. The frequency of the observed image is equal to the frequency 1 / T of the repetition of measures (rather than the lower frequency K / T of the full cycle of formation of the full stereo image). The choice of a sufficiently high frequency of repetition of measures (at least 100 Hz, i.e., with a duration of one measure of 10 ms) helps to minimize flicker of the observed stereo image. This means that for the formation of multi-angle images, the same matrix imaging devices and parallax optical shutters with 100-120 Hz frame frequency can be used, as in the formation of two-angle stereo images.

Industrial applicability

A specific example of the implementation of the matrix optical modulator 2, 8 for all variants of the method and device for its implementation is an LCD matrix with pixel addressing using thin film transistors (TFTs) at the intersections of address buses (LCD TFT matrix), which contains a polarization modulator between two crossed linear polarizers.

For the device according to option 1, a specific example of a matrix image generator (combining a matrix optical modulator 2 and a light source 1) is an OLED matrix [6]. A specific example of a homogeneous oriented LC layer of an active polarization modulator is an LCD π cell [4], its various derivatives [7], including OCB cells [8], which use a liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy Δε> 0, on which it is possible to carry out LCD layers 15, 18 of a parallax optical shutter 3, 7 with the same maximum aperture sizes that are characteristic of modern large-format 2D LCD displays.

In a display with a shortened stereo playback time T ₀ (Fig. 33), a 100-120 Hz LCD matrix (for example, Samsung Syncmaster 2233RZ type) with a stereo image signal source in the form of a personal computer with an information output on an nVidia graphics card can be used as an imager under the control of the 3DVision software stereo driver in the playback mode of the 3D scene angle images during the time T ^retr of the LCD matrix reverse motion [9]. In this case, the demonstration time of the stereo image angles is short (they make up no more than 20-30% of the total frame duration, i.e., the time T ^{retr for} reproducing the image of one angle is about 3 ms). The transition time of the optical response is tens to hundreds of microseconds (determined only by the reaction time t _{rise of the} reaction of the LCD layers r (φ), r (φ *), which ensures a high brightness of the observed stereo image due to the almost complete opening of the optical display channel during the entire viewing time T ₀ .

In a particular embodiment of the method and when the corresponding particular embodiment of the device is operated with an “ultra-dense” arrangement of sub-angles, an improvement in the coordination of accommodation and convergence of the observer’s vision is achieved, similar to observing a multi-angle stereo image from projection multi-channel “super multi view” 3D displays [10]. In this case, there is no need to increase the scan speed of the images of the corresponding sub-views on the screen of the matrix imager as compared to the scan of views located at a usual density, since each group of columns of sub-image images corresponding to one column of the normal view is deployed in parallel with the scan speed of a column of one normal angle.

Electronic switching of two mutually orthogonal sets of address buses to maintain the spatial distance of the observation zones from the screen of the matrix optical modulator 28 during its angular rotation is advisable to use for mobile 3D displays in smartphones, communicators, tablet computers. The execution of the LCD layers of the matrix optical modulator 28 and the parallax optical shutter 29 in the form of a smectic (ferroelectric) ferroelectric LCD layer providing a switching frequency of several hundred hertz at a control voltage of the order of units of volts with the possibility of realizing a grayscale transfer characteristic [11] provides sufficient performance of the device components when implementing a multi-angle display in the absence of its flicker in any observation conditions.

Literature

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2. Kleinberger P., Kleinberger I., Mantinband J. Systems for and methods of three-dimensional viewing. - US patent No. 7190518, published. 03/13/2007 (prototype 1).

3. Koyama Y. 2D / 3D switch liquid crystal display panel and 2D / 3D selection liquid crystal display. - US patent No. 7199845, published. 04/03/2007 (prototype 2).

4. Bos Ph. Rapid starting, high-speed liquid crystal variable optical retarder. - US patent No. 4566758, published. 01/28/1986.

5. Kajiki, Y., Yoshikawa, H., Honda, T. Hologramlike video images by 45-view stereoscopic display. Proc. SPIE, 3012, 154 (1997).

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Claims (14)

1. The method of autostereoscopic imaging, which consists in the fact that the image signals of the perspectives of the three-dimensional scene are fed to the electrical input of the image sensor matrix and use it to generate a luminous flux of the angle images, from which they are formed and sent to the corresponding observation zones using open column-elements of the parallax optical shutter partial luminous fluxes of columns of image views, with the number of pixels and the number of columns of the matrix image former equal to the total number of elements and the total number of image columns of each angle, and in different clock cycles of the image generation cycle of all angles, different sets of column elements of the parallax optical shutter are opened, characterized in that the number N of columns of the image sensor is selected to be a multiple of the number K of angles of the three-dimensional scene , where K> 2, images of K angles in the corresponding K observation zones are formed in K consecutive clock cycles, reproducing in the nth column (n = 1, 2, ..., N) the matrix form image finder is a sequence of (N-n + 1) -x image columns of K angles, with each step opening the column elements of the parallax optical shutter located with a period K · p, the positions of which are in the k-th step (k = 1, 2, ..., K) is shifted by p relative to the positions of the column elements open in the (k-1) -th cycle, where p is the alternation period of all the column elements of the parallax optical shutter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each column element of the parallax optical shutter using the input polarizer set the first state of polarization of light, affect the set state of polarization of light by two sequentially optically coupled liquid crystal layers with complementary optical properties and convert the polarization modulation into modulation of light intensity using the output polarizer, while the state of polarization of the light transmitted through both the liquid crystal layers in the same energy state does not change compared to the state of polarization of the input light, and the polarization state of the light passing through both liquid crystal layers in extreme different energy states is orthogonal to the polarization state of the input light, and the extreme energy states of each liquid crystal layer correspond to its high-energy and low-energy states, while at the beginning of the k-th step, everything with column elements of the first liquid crystal layer and column elements of the second liquid crystal layer located in the kth working row, leaving the rest of its column elements in a low energy state, during the kth step, the column elements of the first liquid crystal layer located in the kth working row are transferred to the low energy state and the column elements of the second liquid crystal layer located in the kth working row, in the time interval between the kth measure and (k + 1) -th measures, are transferred to high energy the state of the column elements of the kth working row of the first liquid crystal layer and column elements of the (k + 1) th working row of the second liquid crystal layer, while the period of arrangement of column elements in each working row of each liquid crystal layer is chosen to be K · p, and the shift value between the kth and (k + 1) -th working rows of the column elements of each liquid crystal layer is chosen equal to p. 3. The method of autostereoscopic imaging, which consists in the fact that a light stream is formed using a light source, from which partial light streams are transmitted through the open column elements of a parallax optical shutter passing through the corresponding columns of the image sensor to the corresponding observation zones, while the image signals perspectives of a three-dimensional scene are fed to the electrical input of a matrix image former and, with its help, the partial intensity is modulated luminous fluxes, moreover, the number of pixels and the number of columns of the matrix image former are selected correspondingly to the total number of elements and the total number of image columns of each angle, and different sets of column elements of the parallax optical shutter open in different clock cycles of the image formation of all angles, characterized in that the number N of columns of the matrix image former is a multiple of the number K of angles, where K> 2, the full cycle of imaging of K angles is corresponding their K observation zones are carried out in K consecutive clock cycles, reproducing in the nth column (n = 1, 2, ..., N) of the matrix image former a sequence of (N-n + 1) -x columns of K images, with each step open the column elements of the parallax optical shutter located with a period K · p, the positions of which in the kth step (k = 1, 2, ..., K) are shifted by p relative to the positions of the column elements open in the (k-1) -th step , where p is the alternation period of all column elements of the parallax optical shutter. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that in each column element of the parallax optical shutter using the input polarizer set the first state of polarization of light, affect the set state of polarization of light by two sequentially optically connected column elements of two liquid crystal layers with complementary optical properties and convert polarization modulation to light intensity modulation using the output polarizer, while the state of light polarization passed both liquid crystal layers in the same energy state do not change compared to the polarization state of the input light, and the polarization state of the light transmitted through both liquid crystal layers in extreme different energy states is orthogonal to the polarization state of the input light, and the extreme energy states of each liquid crystal the layer correspond to its high-energy and low-energy states, while at the beginning of the k-th step in the high-energy the state is translated by all the column elements of the first liquid crystal layer and the column elements of the second liquid crystal layer located in the kth working row, leaving the rest of its column elements in a low energy state, during the kth cycle, the column elements located in the kth working row are transferred to the low energy state the first liquid crystal layer and the column elements of the second liquid crystal layer located in the kth working row, in the time interval between the kth measure and (k + 1) -th measures are translated into high the energetic state, the column elements of the kth working row of the first liquid crystal layer and the column elements of the (k + 1) th working row of the second liquid crystal layer, while the period of arrangement of the column elements in each working row of each liquid crystal layer is chosen equal to K · p, and the shift value between the kth and (k + 1) -th working rows of the column elements of each liquid crystal layer is chosen equal to p. 5. An autostereoscopic display comprising an imaging device and an active parallax barrier located on the same optical axis, wherein the imaging device is made in the form of a sequentially located light source and a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of a parallax an optical shutter with column addressing, equipped with an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the parallax optical shutter, and the input of the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, while the output of the parallax optical shutter is optically coupled to the observation zones, characterized in that the stereo image signal source is K-angled and the number of observation zones is K, where K> 2, the parallax optical shutter in performed with (N + K-1) address columns, where N is the number of columns in a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, while the optical paths intersecting in the center of the k-th observation zone (k = 1, 2, ..., K) the centers of the N columns of the matrix optical modulator 2 with the centers of the corresponding N columns of the parallax optical shutter 3 with numbers in the range from k to (N-k + 1). 6. The display according to claim 5, characterized in that each column element of the parallax optical shutter is made in the form of serially optically connected first linear polarizer, a column element of the first liquid crystal layer provided with the first and second address transparent electrodes, a column element of the second liquid crystal layer provided with a third and the fourth address transparent electrodes, and the second linear polarizer, while both liquid crystal layers are made with a homogeneous orientation and the positive dielectric anisotropy, the axis o ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₁ for the extraordinary beam of one liquid crystal layer are parallel, respectively, to the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and axis o ₂ for the ordinary beam of another liquid crystal layer, and the polarization axis of the first and second linear polarizers are mutually parallel or orthogonal and directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . 7. The display according to claim 5, characterized in that each column element of the parallax optical shutter is made in the form of at least one liquid crystal layer, the address transparent electrodes on the first and second sides of which are respectively made in the form of a first group of mutually parallel spatially one-dimensional transparent electrodes and the second group of mutually parallel spatially one-dimensional transparent electrodes, while the address transparent electrodes of the first group are orthogonal to the address transparent electrodes Torah group, and the ratio of alternation period addressable transparent electrodes of the first group to the period of the alternation address transparent electrodes of the second group equal to the ratio of the matrix of pixels interleaving period of the optical modulator along one coordinate address to a period of alternation of pixels of the matrix of the optical modulator along the other coordinate address. 8. The display according to claim 5, characterized in that the stereo image signal source is made in the form of a multi-channel video camera with outputs for signals K views of a three-dimensional scene, the k-th view of which contains a group S of partial signals

corresponding to sub-views S

a three-dimensional scene (s = 1, 2, ..., S), the range of angles Δβ ^fine · S of the video recording which is equal to the difference in the angles of the video recording Δβ between the neighboring kth and (k + 1) -th angles, where Δβ ^fine is the difference in the angles of the video sub-views of the three-dimensional scene, and each of the columns of the matrix optical modulator located with period a is made up of a series of S individually addressable sub columns located with period a ^fine , where a ^fine = a / S, and whose electrical inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the source stereo image signal. 9. The display of claim 8, wherein the period a ^fine arrangement of the subcolumns of the matrix optical modulator satisfies the condition

where w _o is the diameter of the observation pupil, d is the distance between the matrix optical modulator and the parallax optical barrier, D is the distance between the matrix optical modulator and the observation zones. 10. An autostereoscopic display comprising a light source located on the same optical axis, an active parallax barrier and an image shaper, which is made in the form of a matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, equipped with a stereo image signal source, and the active parallax barrier is made in the form of a parallax optical shutter with column addressing equipped with an electronic control unit, the output of which is connected to the electrical input of the parallax optical shutter, and the input the electronic control unit is connected to the frame synchronization output of the stereo image signal source, the information output of which is connected to the electrical input of the matrix optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, while the output of the matrix optical modulator is optically coupled to the observation zones, characterized in that the stereo image signal source is made K-angled and the number of observation zones is K, where K> 2, the parallax optical shutter is made with (N + K-1) address columns, where N is the number of columns in an optical modulator with two-coordinate addressing, with optical paths intersecting in the center of the kth observation zone (k = 1, 2, ..., K) connecting the centers of the N columns of the matrix optical modulator with the centers of the corresponding N columns of the parallax optical shutter with numbers in the interval from (K-k + 1) to (N + Kk). 11. The display of claim 10, wherein each column element of the parallax optical shutter is made in the form of serially optically connected first linear polarizer, a column element of a first liquid crystal layer provided with a first and second address transparent electrodes, a column element of a second liquid crystal layer provided with a third and the fourth address transparent electrodes, and the second linear polarizer, while both liquid crystal layers are made with a homogeneous orientation and the positive dielectric anisotropy, the axis o ₁ for the ordinary beam and the axis e ₁ for the extraordinary beam of one liquid crystal layer are parallel to the axis e ₂ for the extraordinary ray and the axis o ₂ for the ordinary ray of another liquid crystal, and the polarization axes of the first and second linear polarizers are mutually parallel or orthogonal and directed at angles of ± 45 ° to the axes o ₁ , e ₁ , o ₂ and e ₂ . 12. The display of claim 10, characterized in that each column element of the parallax optical shutter is made in the form of at least one liquid crystal layer, the address transparent electrodes on the first and second sides of which are respectively made in the form of a first group of mutually parallel spatially one-dimensional transparent electrodes and the second group of mutually parallel spatially one-dimensional transparent electrodes, while the address transparent electrodes of the first group are orthogonal to the address transparent electrodes the second group, and the ratio of the alternating period of the address transparent electrodes of the first group to the alternating period of the address transparent electrodes of the second group is equal to the ratio of the period of alternating pixels of the matrix optical modulator along one address coordinate to the period of alternating pixels of the matrix optical modulator along the other address coordinate. 13. The display of claim 10, wherein the stereo image signal source is made in the form of a multi-channel video camera with outputs for signals K views of a three-dimensional scene, the k-th view of which contains a group S of partial signals

corresponding to sub-views S a three-dimensional scene (s = 1, 2, ..., S), the range of angles Δβ ^fine · S of the video recording which is equal to the difference in the angles of the video recording Δβ between adjacent kth and (k + 1) -th angles, where Δβ ^fine is the difference in the angles of video recording of the neighboring sub-views of the three-dimensional scene, and each of the columns of the matrix optical modulator located with period a is made up of a series of S individually addressable sub columns located with period a ^fine , where a ^fine = a / S, and whose electrical inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the source stereo image signal. 14. The display according to item 13, wherein the period a ^fine location of the partial columns of the matrix optical modulator satisfies the condition

where w _o is the diameter of the observation pupil, d is the distance between the matrix optical modulator and the parallax optical barrier, D is the distance between the matrix optical modulator and the observation zones.

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