RU2518152C1 - Wind electric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: wind electric generator contains a windwheel and a magnetoelectric generator installed at the shaft, a rotor of the generator, which is made as two discs with permanent magnets place at it at equal spaced, a static stator with equally-spaced inductance coils, which is placed between the rotor discs, centrifugal governors of a magnet gap and spade springs are installed at the shaft, the shaft has longitudinal spline grooves with inserted protrusions which are made in the rotor discs; the rotor discs are installed at the shaft so that they are movable in axial direction in regard to the static stator; spade springs are installed so that the magnet gap can be increased between the rotor permanent magnets and the stator inductance coils, each centrifugal governor of the magnet gap is made as a double-arm lever and installed so that it can diminish the magnet gap between the rotor permanent magnets and the stator inductance coils while a weight is installed at the other arm.

EFFECT: maintenance of electric power generation at low and high wind speeds and at increased electrical loads.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to magnetoelectric generators that use air flow energy to rotate the rotor, and can be used as an autonomous source of electric power of small power at facilities without power supply in the field, especially in conditions where prevailing wind-variable winds prevail.

Known gearless wind generator, which has a wind wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation and a magnetoelectric generator with permanent magnets. The rotor segments with permanent magnets are mounted directly on the blades of the wind wheel and rotate with it, and the fixed stator segments with the corresponding air gap are installed opposite the rotor segments and made in the form of a circular stator (USSR Author's Certificate No. 868105, F03D 9/00, 09/30/1981) .

A disadvantage of the known wind generator is its low efficiency due to large aerodynamic losses caused by the stator and rotor segments. In addition, the uneven air gap between the rotor and stator segments creates a large moment of wind-wheel breakaway, due to which the start of rotation of the latter is possible only at a relatively high wind speed.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a gearless wind turbine according to the USSR copyright certificate No. 1737151, F03D 9/00, 05/30/1992. This wind turbine contains a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator mounted on the shaft, the rotor of which is made in the form of two disks with permanent magnets uniformly placed on them, and a fixed stator with inductance coils uniformly located on it is located between the rotor disks.

Known wind turbine has the following disadvantages:

1) for small values of wind speed and high electrical load, power generation can stop due to the cessation of rotation of the generator shaft, since the magnetic gaps between the permanent rotor magnets and the stator inductors are constant, both for small revolutions and for large revolutions of the shaft ;

2) the impossibility of generating electricity at a very high wind speed, since mechanical protection is triggered from exceeding the number of revolutions of the generator shaft.

These disadvantages are eliminated in the claimed invention, which is aimed at solving the problem of maintaining the generation of electricity at low and high wind speeds, as well as at increased electrical loads.

The problem is solved by maintaining and maintaining the minimum number of revolutions of the shaft of the generator, which is the minimum required for the excitation and generation of electricity. Structurally, the problem is solved by maintaining the required magnetic gap between the permanent rotor magnets and the stator inductors due to the axial movement of the rotor disks with permanent magnets depending on the number of revolutions of the generator shaft.

The technical result is achieved in that in a wind generator containing a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is made in the form of two disks with permanent magnets evenly placed on them, and a fixed stator with inductors coils uniformly located on it is located between the rotor disks, according to the invention additionally introduced centrifugal magnetic clearance controllers and leaf springs mounted on the shaft, while the shaft has longitudinal spline grooves, which are the protrusions made in the rotor disks, the rotor disks are mounted on the shaft with the possibility of axial movement relative to the fixed stator, the leaf springs are installed with the possibility of increasing the magnetic gap between the permanent rotor magnets and the stator inductors, each centrifugal magnetic gap regulator is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever and installed with the possibility of reducing the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator inductors at increasing shaft speed, and one shoulder of the two shoulders lever abuts against the base of the rotor disk, and the load is mounted on the other shoulder.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of a fragment of the design of the proposed wind generator in longitudinal section (symmetric elements of the lower part of the wind generator are not conventionally shown).

The numbers on the drawing indicate the following elements and nodes:

1 - hub

2 - fixed stator,

3 - inductor,

4 - rotor disk,

5 - permanent magnet

6 - axis of the screw,

7 - shaft

8 - bearing

9 - centrifugal regulator of the magnetic gap,

10 - petal spring,

11 - a wind wheel,

12 is a longitudinal spline groove.

The wind generator comprises a wind wheel 11 mounted on the shaft 7 and a magnetoelectric generator.

The rotor of the magnetoelectric generator is made in the form of two disks 4 with permanent magnets 5 uniformly placed on them.

The fixed stator 2 of the magnetoelectric generator is located between the disks 4 of the rotor and has inductance coils 3 evenly located on it.

The difference of the proposed wind generator is that it additionally introduced centrifugal regulators 9 of the magnetic gap and leaf springs 10 mounted on the shaft 7.

The shaft 7 has longitudinal spline grooves 12, in which protrusions are installed, made in the discs 4 of the rotor.

The rotor disks 4 are mounted on the shaft 7 with the possibility of axial movement relative to the stationary stator 2.

Petal springs 10 are installed with the possibility of increasing the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor and the stator inductors 3.

Each centrifugal magnetic gap controller 9 is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever and is installed with the possibility of decreasing the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor and the stator inductors 3 with increasing rotation speed of the shaft 7, and one shoulder of the two-shouldered lever abuts against the base of the disk 4 of the rotor, and on the other the load is installed on the shoulder (not conventionally shown in the drawing).

The purpose and interaction of elements and nodes is as follows.

The shaft 7 is used for fastening on it the driving blades of the wind wheel 11, which receive the high-speed pressure of the wind, and the hub 1. The hub 1 serves to place the main elements of the electric generator in it, movably fasten the entire assembly of the electric generator to the mast, as well as fasten the tail unit to orient the blades of the wind wheel 11 towards the wind (on the drawing, the mast, the elements of the mobile fastening of the hub to the mast and the tail unit are not conventionally shown).

The dielectric non-magnetic stator 2 is used for placement inside it around the circumference of the inductance coils 3. The stator 2 is fixed motionless on the hub 1 with screws (the axis of the screw 6 is shown in the drawing).

The inductors 3 of the fixed stator 2 are used to remove electricity when switching through them a magnetic field from permanent magnets 5.

Bearing steel disks 4 of the rotor are used to attach permanent magnets 5 to them and rotate together with the shaft 7. Each of the disks 4 of the rotor has a leaf spring 10, fixedly mounted on the shaft 7.

Permanent magnets 5, mounted on the rotor disks 4, serve to commute the magnetic flux through the stator inductors 3. Permanent magnets 5 on opposite rotor disks 4 have different polarity, which also alternates for permanent magnets 5 located on the same disk 4.

Along the axial line of the shaft 7, the rotor discs 4 with permanent magnets 5 can move along the longitudinal spline grooves 12 under the action of the centrifugal magnetic gap regulators 9 or leaf springs 10, which provide the required magnetic gap between the permanent magnet 5 of the rotor and the inductor 3 stator. The magnitude of the magnetic gap is adjusted depending on the prevailing wind speed.

The shaft 7 also serves to mount the centrifugal regulators 9 of the magnetic gap, leaf springs 10, discs 4 of the rotor. The shaft 7 has the ability to rotate in the bearings 8 and is fixed from axial movement in the hub 1 with the help of special clamps (the clamps are not shown conditionally in the drawing).

The longitudinal spline grooves 12 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the shaft 7. The grooves 12 include the protrusions of the rotor discs 4, providing rotation of the rotor discs 4 together with the shaft 7.

The centrifugal regulators 9 of the magnetic gap are evenly spaced around the circumference of the shaft 7. The centrifugal regulators 9 of the magnetic gap serve to reduce the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor and the stator inductors 3 with increasing speed of the shaft 7 and to ensure that the generator starts at a very low wind speed.

Structurally, each centrifugal magnetic gap controller 9 represents a two-arm lever mounted on an axis, which is located in an arm mounted on the shaft 7. One shoulder of the two-arm lever abuts against the base of the rotor disk 4, the load is on the other arm (in the figure, axis, bracket, lever elements and the cargo is not conventionally marked).

The proposed wind generator operates as follows.

In a state of complete absence of wind, the leaf springs 10 provide a maximum clearance between the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor and the stator inductors 3. In this case, the resistance to rotation of the shaft 7 due to the lack of switching of the magnetic field is minimal, which creates more favorable conditions for the start of the electric generator in comparison with the electric generator with a constant magnetic gap between the rotor magnets 5 and the stator inductors 3.

Under the influence of the wind, the wind wheel 11 is rotated and with it the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor of the electric generator. When the permanent magnets 5 rotate in the stationary inductors 3 of the stator 2, an EMF is induced.

After starting with the generation of electricity at a low wind speed, the rotation resistance of the shaft 7 is partially overcome due to the inertia forces of rotation of the rotor disks 4.

At a very high wind speed due to centrifugal forces, the loads in the centrifugal regulators 9 of the magnetic gap move to the periphery and the other shoulder of each two-shouldered lever, overcoming the resistance of the leaf spring 10, presses on the base of the disk 4 and moves it together with the permanent magnets 5 of the rotor to the inductors 3 stator 2. The magnetic gap between the permanent magnets 5 and the inductors 3 decreases, the resistance to rotation of the shaft 7 increases and the shaft 7 begins to brake. In this case, the amount of generated electricity in the inductors 3 increases. When reducing the number of revolutions of the shaft 7, the load moves to the axis of rotation of the shaft 7 and the leaf springs 10 squeeze the rotor disks 4 from the stator inductors 3, while increasing the magnetic gap.

Thus, the use of the invention will allow to maintain the generation of electricity at low and high wind speeds, as well as at high electrical loads.

Claims (1)

A wind generator containing a wind wheel and a magnetoelectric generator mounted on the shaft, the rotor of which is made in the form of two disks with permanent magnets uniformly placed on them, and a fixed stator with inductors coils uniformly located on it, located between the rotor disks, characterized in that centrifugal magnetic clearance adjusters and lobe springs mounted on the shaft are additionally introduced into it, while the shaft has longitudinal spline grooves in which protrusions are made in the rotor disks, rotor disks are mounted on the shaft with the possibility of axial movement relative to the stationary stator, lobed springs are installed with the possibility of increasing the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator inductors, each centrifugal regulator of the magnetic gap ying a double-armed lever and is mounted for reducing the magnetic gap between the permanent magnets of the rotor and stator coils with increasing rotational speed, wherein the double-armed lever one arm abuts the base of the rotor disk, and the goods mounted on the other shoulder.