RU2517988C2 - Method for automatic diagnostics of loads in power supply network - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to electric measuring instrumentation, namely to the method of automatic identification of faulty lamps. The method of automatic diagnostics of loads in a power supply network implies that a load control centre is set in the beginning of a line, as minimum it consists of a microprocessor unit, a command transmitter and a current sensor for the current consumed by the line; control commands are transmitted via a communication channel by the command transmitter, as minimum every command consists of fields of address and code of the command, as minimum the list of possible command codes include codes of commands for connection to and disconnection of loads from the power supply line, every load is connected to the power supply line via a switch controlled by a command receiver. Every command receiver has its unique and group addresses, receives and executes the commands sent to his address. Process of faulty load localisation implies the transmission of a command to connect all loads to the power supply line, afterwards the current consumed by the line is measured, a command to disconnect the next load is sent and the consumed current is measured again. In case the current in the line was not reduced by the specified value, the load is considered to be faulty, the procedure is repeated for the next load until all loads are checked.

EFFECT: reduced time for diagnostics, reduced power consumption.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to a method for automatically detecting faulty lamps with an indication of their specific location in the lines of outdoor lighting.

The invention can be used to create effective control systems for outdoor lighting of cities, urban and rural settlements, road sections, railways, territories of enterprises, with the possibility of reducing operating costs due to the automatic localization of faulty lamps.

The task of determining faulty loads distributed over the power supply line is relevant. In particular, in outdoor lighting systems, to identify faulty lamps, the line is turned on under voltage, a service team is sent, which, by visual inspection, traveling along the line, identifies faulty lamps. This process takes a long time, leads to an excessive consumption of electricity, an increase in operating costs, and requires the maintenance of additional personnel and equipment.

The purpose of this invention is a method for automatically detecting faulty loads indicating a specific fault location, with the possibility of transmitting information to the central control room for further planning the emergency exit route and troubleshooting.

The closest analogue is a method for automatically detecting faulty loads distributed along the power supply line RU 2390106 dated 02.09.2008, IPC (20060101) H05B 37/03, G01R 31/08, which consists in the fact that a local control center is located at the beginning of the line the minimum consisting of a microprocessor unit, a communication device with the control room, an electric network transmitter of commands and an instantaneous power sensor consumed by the line, control commands are sent via the power supply line of the transmitter, each command at least consists of fields receiver and command code addresses, the list of possible command codes, at least, includes codes for connecting and disconnecting the load to the power line, each load is connected to the power line through a switch controlled by the power command receiver, each command receiver has its own unique address, receives from the line power supply and executes only those commands in which its address is indicated, characterized in that, in order to determine the malfunctioning load, they first issue commands to disconnect all loads from the line power supply, then send a command to turn on a separate load, measure the power consumed by the line with a sensor, if the measured power does not match a predetermined one, consider this load to be malfunctioning, send the address of this load using the communication device to the control room, then send a command to disconnect this load from the power line , then the process is repeated sequentially for all line loads.

The essential features that coincide with the claimed invention are: a local control center located at the beginning of the line, control commands consisting of the receiver address and command code fields sent by the transmitter, a list of possible command codes, including command codes for connecting and disconnecting the load to the power line , as well as the fact that each load is connected to the power supply line through a switch controlled by an electric network command receiver, each command receiver has its own uni local address, receives from the power supply line and executes only those commands in which its address is indicated.

The disadvantages of the method of RU 2390106.

1. According to the method of RU 2390106, first all the loads in the line are disconnected, then they are switched on one by one. Therefore, when identifying faulty lamps in the outdoor lighting line, the method RU 2390106 is applicable only at the end of the night lighting cycle, that is, during daylight hours, which will require additional energy consumption.

2. When using high-pressure arc discharge lamps, after the next lamp is turned on, it is necessary to wait until the lamp warms up (about 1-3 minutes) before measuring the power consumed by the line, which will also lead to additional energy consumption and longer diagnostic time (for example , in a line of 100 lamps, the diagnosis will last 5 hours).

The technical result of the application of this invention is to reduce the time and cost of electricity in the diagnostic process.

In the proposed method, the task is solved as follows. Electrical loads are connected to the power line according to the circuit shown in figure 1, where the numbers indicate:

1 - load control center;

2 - microprocessor unit;

3 - current sensor in line;

4 - command transmitter;

5 - electrical loads;

6 - controlled switch;

7 - receiver commands;

8 - power supply line;

9 - communication channel.

At the beginning of the power supply line 8 there is a local control center 1, which, at a minimum, consists of a microprocessor unit 2, a current sensor in line 3, and a command transmitter 4.

Electrical loads 5 are connected to the power supply line 8 through a controlled switch 6, which is controlled by the receiver 7.

The microprocessor unit 2 can read the readings of the current sensor 3 consumed by the power supply line, send control commands to the communication channel 9 using the command transmitter 4.

The controlled switch 6 can connect the load 5 to the power line or disconnect it, depending on the control signal received from the receiver 7.

Each command receiver 7 has its own unique address, as well as one or more group addresses, receives commands from communication channel 9, if the command was sent to one of its addresses, executes it, otherwise it ignores it.

Each control command, at a minimum, consists of receiver address fields and a command code. To ensure the proposed method, it is necessary, at least, the presence of two command codes: disconnect the load from the power line and connect the load to the power line.

Thus, the microprocessor unit 2, by sending commands, can turn on or off any of the loads 5 distributed along the power supply line 8.

To determine the malfunctioning loads proceed as follows.

The microprocessor unit first issues commands to connect all the loads 5 to the power supply line 8, in particular, it can be one command with a group address that is the same for all loads.

Then, the microprocessor unit measures with the help of sensor 3 the value of the current consumed by the line, after which it gives a command to disconnect one of the loads 5 and again measures with the help of sensor 3 the value of the current consumed by the line. If the current in the line decreases by a predetermined value, then the load is considered serviceable, otherwise the load address is recorded by the microprocessor in the list of faulty loads. Next, the process is repeated for the next load until all loads in the line are checked.

As a result, a list of faulty loads is generated in the microprocessor unit. Since each address can be associated with the actual territorial location of the receiver along the power line, a list of addresses of faulty loads localizes specific installation locations.

The value of the current reduction threshold is selected from the calculation so that it is less than the minimum current consumed by one load, but sufficient for its reliable detection by the current sensor used.

In street lighting lines, the diagnostic process of faulty lamps is more convenient to carry out in the morning, turning off the lamps one at a time. Since it takes much less time to turn off the lamp than it takes to turn it on and warm up (for example, for gas discharge lamps, the warm-up time reaches 5 minutes), the total diagnostic time will be significantly reduced compared to the closest analogue. At the same time, the energy consumption spent on diagnostics will be significantly reduced, which is required to achieve a technical result.

If after some working load all the loads located further down the line are determined to be faulty, a conclusion is drawn about the breakdown of the power supply line in the area between the last working load and the first faulty.

When diagnosing luminaires in outdoor lighting lines, the following features should be considered. The switched on light source (gas discharge or LED) is usually an active load (power factor 0.98 or more), but in the off state, in each lamp, the power supply unit remains (for example, an electronic ballast for a gas discharge lamp or driver for the LED lamp), which is usually a reactive load. Therefore, with a larger number of off lights (this situation occurs when diagnosing the last lights), the active component of the total current vector in the line may be less than the reactive one. This leads to the fact that when the last loads in the lighting line are switched off alternately, the value by which the total current decreases may turn out to be quite small (less than a predetermined threshold) and errors will occur during diagnostics. To eliminate this phenomenon, the load in the line is divided into two groups, the total power consumption of which is approximately equal. The diagnostics of the first group of loads is carried out with the loads of the second group turned on, and the diagnostics of the loads of the second group - with the loads of the first switched on. This method will provide the necessary excess of the active component of the total current even when the last loads in the group are turned off, which in turn will significantly increase the reliability of diagnostics.

To implement the method, the following industrial or custom products are used.

As a microprocessor unit, you can use any of the mass-produced modern microprocessors that are suitable for technical parameters.

To transmit commands to receivers, you can use any of the well-known and acceptable communication channels, including radio channels, additional wired channels, information transmission over the power grid, etc.

As the transmitters and receivers, you can use any modems produced by the industry, including power supply, wire or radio modems.

To measure the line current, you can use any sensors manufactured by the industry, including transformers, shunts, sensors, etc.

As a controlled switch, you can use an electronic switch, relay, contactor, or other switching device with suitable parameters, manufactured by the industry.

As electric loads, outdoor lighting fixtures (LED, with incandescent lamps, with discharge lamps), as well as other household or industrial consumers, for which the remote control operation mode described above is possible, can act.

Identification of faulty loads and line breaks occurs automatically, remotely, the list of identified faults can be transferred to the service organization for subsequent action to eliminate them.

Thus, a technical result has been achieved, which this invention is directed to - reducing the time and cost of electricity in the diagnostic process with a sufficiently high reliability.

Claims (2)

1. A method for automatically diagnosing loads in the power supply network, which consists in placing a load control center at the beginning of the line, at least consisting of a microprocessor unit, a command transmitter and a current sensor consumed by the line, control commands are transmitted through the communication channel by the command transmitter, each command at least consists of address and command code fields, a list of possible command codes, at least, includes codes for connecting and disconnecting the load to the power line, each load is connected It is connected to the power supply line through a switch controlled by the command receiver, each command receiver has a unique and group address, receives and executes commands directed to its address, which differs in order to localize faulty loads, they first transmit commands to connect all loads to the power supply line, then measure the current consumed by the line, then send the next load disconnect command, measure the current consumed by the line, if the current in the line has not decreased by a specified amount, the load is considered to be malfunctioning, then the process is repeated for the next load until all loads are checked. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the loads are divided into two groups, the total power consumption of which is approximately equal, first diagnose the load of the first group, with the loads of the second group, then diagnose the loads of the second group, with the loads of the first group.