RU2516051C1 - Wind-driven plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: wind-driven plant comprises a rotor of vertical rotation installed inside the frame and equipped with blades of alternating section and thickness, bent along the vertical and horizontal line, a flywheel installed on the secondary shaft coaxially with the rotor, and an aggregate block with power take-off mechanisms installed in it. On the inner surface of the rotor blades there are wavy forms with the start of the wave from the external edge of the blade and with an elevation angle from 0°, with transition of the elevation angle in 2/3 of the blade arc up to 60°. On the rounding of the inner part of the blade along its entire length there is an element installed of sickle-shaped section with a clearance. The flywheel is additionally equipped with a system of movable sectors arranged on guides of the flywheel disc and connected by means of rope joints with a counterbalance. The counterbalance is installed concentrically on the secondary shaft with the possibility of vertical movement and is equipped with circular ledges that are in contact with forks fixed hingedly in the aggregate unit and designed to connect different aggregates of power take-off.

EFFECT: higher capacity and efficiency of a wind-driven plant with provision of automatic switching of power take-off mechanisms.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to environmentally friendly wind energy and can be used to generate electricity or perform mechanical work, for example, to create power plants in remote areas.

There are many varieties of wind turbines: with a horizontal (for example, rotary, drum) or with a vertical (winged, rotor) axis of rotation, with a flat shape of rotating wind receiving parts or in the form of various curved surfaces. All types of wind motors are converters of wind flow energy into mechanical work, which can be converted into the necessary type of energy. The main part of any of these wind turbines is a wind receiving device that is directly exposed to the action of air or water flow and converts the kinetic energy of this stream into mechanical work. In rotary wind turbines, wind turbines are blades of various shapes.

A rotary wind turbine with a Savonius rotor is known (Schefter Y.I., Rozhdestvensky IV.Inventor on wind motors and wind turbines. - 1967, p. 18, 19). The wind turbine is a frame in which a system of four pairwise coaxial half-cylinders mounted on horizontal disks is placed. To increase the efficiency of the wind turbine, the entire structure is raised to a high mast, on which a special platform for service personnel is provided. Driven mechanisms are placed on the ground, in the alignment between the mast supports.

The disadvantages of this solution are: uneven operation of the rotor at different speeds and wind directions and, as a result, a large starting moment when starting a wind turbine; the need to take into account the terrain - for the operation of a wind turbine, a terrain with a constant and direct flow of air masses is preferred; low resistance of the structure to strong gusts of wind and hurricane winds, which can lead to its destruction due to the general bulkiness of the structure; the complexity of maintenance associated with the need to climb the mast.

The closest one, taken as a prototype, is a wind power installation (wind turbine) with a rotary wind turbine containing a frame, a shaft mounted on it with bearings and rotor blades connected to the shaft for rotation with it, while the rotor blades are made in the form of plates with a variable thickness and width, which are curved in a vertical plane in a spiral, and in the horizontal plane - curved in an arc (patent No. 22120,000, priority of 06/20/2002, patent holder: Anatoly Sekerin). The design drawback is the low utilization of the flow energy due to the unevenness of its movement through the rotor and the uneven reaction of different parts of the blade on the flow, which increases its swirls, parasitic drag, which ultimately reduces torque. The highest coefficient of utilization of the energy of the wind flow was considered to date 0.4 or 46%. This calculation takes into account parasitic drag of at least 30% and the impossibility of timely exhaust air exhaust, and this is not less than 25% of the total flow energy.

The disadvantages of the prototype also include the fact that when reducing or increasing wind speed and, accordingly, reducing or increasing power, you must manually connect the appropriate receiving mechanisms for power selection, i.e. there is no possibility of automatic connection of different power take-off mechanisms.

The objective of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of a wind power installation, increase its power and ensure automatic switching of power take-off mechanisms.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in a known wind power installation containing a vertical rotation rotor inside the frame with variable section and thickness blades curved vertically and horizontally, a flywheel mounted coaxially with the rotor on the secondary shaft and an aggregate unit with it power take-off mechanisms, according to the claimed solution, on the inner surface of the rotor blades are made wave-like formations with the beginning of the wave from the outer edge of the blade and with an angle of elevation 0 °, with the transition of the elevation angle in 2/3 of the arc of the blade to 60 °, and on the rounding of the inner part of the blade along its entire length, a sickle-shaped section is installed with a gap to it, while the flywheel is additionally equipped with a system of movable sectors located on the guides flywheel disk and connected via cable connections with a counterweight, which is mounted concentrically on the secondary shaft with the possibility of movement vertically and equipped with annular protrusions. And also due to the fact that the distance between the wave crests from the outer edge of the blade is equal to the maximum thickness of the blade, with a proportional decrease in all wave sizes to the center of rotation of the rotor, and the annular protrusions of the counterweight come in contact with forks fixed pivotally in the aggregate block, alternately connecting the units different power, in addition to the flaps of the frame installed flaps.

The technical result provided by the invention is to increase the efficiency and optimize the operation of wind turbines. The technical result is achieved by changing the configuration of the inner surface of the blades, namely the creation on the inner surface of the blades of wavy formations in the form of a wave with a beginning from the outer edge of the blade, with an elevation angle of 0 ° and with a transition angle of elevation in 2/3 of the arc of the blade to 60 °. The distances between the crests of the wave are equal to the maximum thickness of the blade. This type of inner surface of the rotor blades allows, without changing the total volume of the occupied wind turbines in space, to increase the total effective working area of the blades by 15%, which increases the selection of kinetic wind energy. The shape and direction of the wave from the periphery to the center of rotation of the blade with an elevation from 0 ° to 60 ° accelerates the rise of the air flow upward, creating a more discharged space in the lower part of the wind turbine, into which new air masses rush. After passing through the center of the rotor, the air flow, having given off the main energy, flows off using the same waves to the edges of the blades and is carried away by a fair wind, almost without forming turbulent formations, which reduces parasitic drag. Therefore, this form of blades uses wind energy more efficiently than other known structures.

Additionally, to increase the power of the wind power installation, an additional element with a sickle-shaped section is installed along the rounding of the thick part of the blade along its entire length. This element in the cross section has the shape of a wing and when the wind is directed to the convex side of the blade creates a lifting force in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The number of such elements depends on the size of the diameter of the rotor.

The flaps fixed on the towers of the wind turbine tower increase the flux density in the direction of rotation of the rotor and reduce the parasitic drag, i.e. flaps are used to direct the wind flow in the desired direction, increasing on the one hand, and on the other hand reducing the flux density, which naturally increases the efficiency and improves exhaust air care. The claimed combination of essential features provides a wide range of wind speeds from 0.5 m / s. up to 50 m / s

An advantage of the claimed solution is also the possibility of automatic switching of power take-off mechanisms due to the fact that the flywheel is additionally equipped with a system of movable sectors located on the flywheel disk guides and connected via cable connections to a counterweight, which is mounted concentrically on the secondary shaft and provided with ring protrusions that are included in contact with forks, which are pivotally mounted in the block of mechanisms and when moving the counterweight, connect various units, finding Party or in the unit, which makes it possible to automatically connect the respective PTO units.

The claimed solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - shows a General view of a wind power installation;

Figure 2 - shows a General view and section A-A in figure 1

Figure 3 - shows the flywheel (side view)

Figure 4 - shows the flywheel (top view)

Figure 5 - shows a cutout of the inner surface of the blade

Figure 6 - shows a top view of the inner surface of the blade

Figure 7 shows the fastening of the element of the crescent-shaped section to the blade and its section

The wind power installation is a frame tower consisting of tubular posts 1, transverse parts 2 and a pyramidal peak 3 with a vertical rotation rotor 4 mounted inside the frame, which is mounted on the shaft 5 for rotation. The rotor 4, with the help of the shaft 5, is mounted in the upper part of the frame with a centering radial ball bearing 6, and from the bottom - with a bearing hub 10, mounted in the upper part of the aggregate compartment, which is assembled from racks 12, supporting platform 11 and parts 13. Working blades 7 of the rotor 4 made with a variable cross section and thickness and curved vertically and curved horizontally. On the inner surface of the blades 7, wave-like formations 8 are made in the form of a wave, with a beginning from the outer edge of the blade with an elevation angle of 0 °, with a transition of the elevation angle of 2/3 of the blade arc to 60 °. The distance between the ridges of the wave-like formations of the blade from the outer edge of the blade is equal to the maximum thickness of the blade, with a proportional decrease in all wave sizes to the center of rotation of the rotor.

On the rounding of the thick part of the blade 7 along its entire length, repeating the configuration of the inner edge of the blade, an additional element 9 of a sickle-shaped section is installed using fasteners (not shown) with a gap to the blade. The number of such elements depends on the size of the diameter of the rotor.

For power take-off, a secondary shaft 14 is provided, which is connected via a cardan coupling 15 to the primary shaft 5 through a clutch with a hydraulic drive and is strengthened by the upper and lower hubs concentrically to shaft 5. A flywheel 16 is mounted on the secondary shaft 14, containing a disk 17 with guides 18, on which there are six movable sectors 19, which are connected via a cable connection 20 (steel ropes) to a counterweight 21 mounted concentrically on the secondary shaft 14. The counterweight 21 moves along the secondary shaft 14 and rotates with it. On the counterweight 21, annular protrusions 22 are made, which come into contact with forks 23 pivotally mounted in the block of mechanisms 24 and when moving the counterweight, alternately connecting various power take-off units located in the block. Through a gear or belt drive 27, the rotation is transmitted to the power take-off shaft in the block of mechanisms 24, and low-power generators up to 1 kW or higher power are connected, according to the rating for this wind turbine, a compressor for using compressed air as an energy accumulator, etc.

Flaps 25 are mounted on the struts 1 of the frame to increase the flow power on one side of the rotor and increase the vacuum on the other side. The frame is easily collapsible mounted from tubular racks 1 and crossbars 2 and is attached to racks 26 of the aggregate compartment. The whole design of the wind turbine is fixed through the posts of the aggregate compartment 26 to piles that can clog into the ground, attached to a concrete base, etc. The whole design of a wind turbine quickly collapsible consists of rotor modules and a tower frame, this allows, without disassembling the basics, to increase the power of a wind turbine by adding modules. The design of the wind power installation also includes an inverter 28, an accumulator 29, an electric shield 30, a skin of the aggregate compartment 31, internal extensions 32, a hydraulic clutch 33.

To increase the working area of the wind receiving surfaces, as well as for the convenience of transportation, the rotor blades can be prefabricated.

Wind power installation works as follows.

The flow of moving air, running onto the inner wall of one of the working blades 7 of the rotor 4, due to its concave-convex screw-like design, automatically turns the blades. The movement is transmitted to the shaft 5, which, in turn, transmits torque to the second shaft 14. The flow of incoming air rises helically along the blades 7. At the same time, vortex flows are removed from the edges of the blades 7, their drag is reduced, and the rotor speed increases. With the rise of the air masses up, a thrust appears, provoking the arrival of new air masses, and all effects are amplified.

The shape and direction of wave 8 from the periphery to the center of rotation of the blade with an elevation from 0 ° to 60 ° accelerates the rise of the air flow upward with the creation of a more discharged space in the lower part of the wind turbine, into which new air masses rush. After passing through the center of the rotor, the air flow, having given off the main energy, flows off using the same waves to the edges of the blades and is carried away by a fair wind, almost without forming turbulent formations, which reduces parasitic drag.

The crescent-shaped element 9, installed to increase the power of the wind turbine by rounding the inner thick part of the blade 7 along its entire length with a gap to it, has a wing shape in cross section and when the wind is directed to the convex side of the blade creates a lifting force in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The flaps 25 mounted on the struts 1 of the wind turbine frame increase the flux density in the direction of rotation of the rotor and reduce the parasitic drag.

Wind energy is transmitted from the rotor 4 via the primary shaft 5 through the universal joint 15 to the secondary shaft 14 and the flywheel 16, through a hydraulic clutch system, which allows, if necessary, to disconnect the rotor 4 from the flywheel 16. To switch the power take-off mechanisms, when changing the rotor speed , a counterweight 21 is mounted on the secondary shaft 14, which is connected by steel ropes 20 through blocks with movable sectors 19. Six movable sectors 19 and a disk 17 with guides 18 enclosed in a housing (not shown) form ahovik 16 which accumulates mechanical energy. The movable sectors 19 of the flywheel 16 perform the function of a centrifugal speed controller. On the counterweight 21, annular protrusions 22 are made, which come in contact with forks 23 pivotally mounted in the block of mechanisms 24. During operation of the wind turbine, under the influence of centrifugal force, the moving sectors 19 diverge, moving along the guides and the associated counterweight 21 moves down the secondary the shaft 14, while the plugs 23 alternately connect various units located in the block of mechanisms 24, namely, generators of low power up to 1 kW or more power according to the nominal for this wind turbine, a compressor for use in compressed zduha as accumulator etc. In the energy accumulator, energy is accumulated, which will stabilize the speed and provide more stable operation of the wind turbine. In the absence of wind, the flywheel 16 rotates due to the accumulated energy.

If the wind speed is below the nominal (5 m / s), the units are automatically switched off except for a low-power generator, which will work at a wind speed of 0.5 m / s. to par. This arrangement of mechanisms, components and parts allows the use of wind energy with speeds from 0.5 m / s to a maximum of 50 m / s.

The proposed rotary wind turbine can be widely used, especially in rural areas, in geological lots, as well as in other cases where there is no stationary power supply. The compact design and its simplicity can significantly reduce the consumption of materials and in general the cost of the proposed unit, which will attract the attention of potential consumers.

Claims (4)

1. A wind power installation containing a vertical rotation rotor installed inside the frame with variable-section and thickness blades curved vertically and arched horizontally, a flywheel mounted coaxially with the rotor on the secondary shaft, and an aggregate unit with power take-off mechanisms located in it the fact that on the inner surface of the rotor blades are made wave-like formations with the beginning of the wave from the outer edge of the blade and with an elevation angle of 0 °, with the transition of the elevation angle to 2/3 of the arc of the blade up to 60 °, and on the rounding of the inner part of the blade along the entire length of it, a sickle-shaped section is installed with a gap to it, while the flywheel is additionally equipped with a system of movable sectors located on the guides of the flywheel disk and connected via cable joints with a counterweight, which is mounted concentrically on the secondary shaft with the possibility of vertical movement and is equipped with annular protrusions. 2. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the wave crests from the outer edge of the blade is equal to the maximum thickness of the blade with a proportional decrease in all wave sizes to the center of rotation of the rotor. 3. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular protrusions of the counterweight come in contact with forks, pivotally mounted in the aggregate unit and designed to connect various power take-off units. 4. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flaps are installed on the racks of the frame.

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