RU2514084C1 - Method of making unsteady projection screen based on micro particles and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises airflow generator (AFG), combine laminar airflow generator (CAFG), micro particles generator (MPG) with its outlet connected with inlet of channel for transfer of micro particles (MPTC), increased pressure chamber (IPC), airflow attenuator (AFA) and airflow stabiliser (AFS). IPC is composed of closed vessel with one side abutting the inlet surface of CAFG that makes a perforated diaphragm (PD) Airflow is transferred into IPC from AFG via AFS. Inner volume of IPC communicates via AFA with MPG inlet MPTC extends along PD to central inlet surface of CAFG. PD is symmetric about the centre of MPTC. PD (6) outputs two identical uniform airflows symmetric about MPTC (4) to be passed through air channels of appropriate sides of CAFG (3) symmetric about its central part.

EFFECT: higher image quality and reliability.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of projection technology and can be used in systems for projecting static and dynamic images onto projection screens.

Solid-state projection screens can be used as an alternative to conventional solid-state projection screens. We are talking about directional reflection projection screens used in professional cinematography, projection television in various cinema and overhead projection systems.

The invention can be used to create a screen for projecting images at exhibitions, in showrooms, museums, conferences, fairs, shows, theme parks, presentations, in advertising, in the learning process, in theater shows, in fashion shows, in the design of retail space, exhibition booth or television studio, as well as for home entertainment, etc. With a certain type of content used for projection, and specially selected ambient lighting, such a non-solid-state screen becomes practically invisible to the human eye, and with it you can get a realistic pseudo-volumetric image.

Known methods and devices for video projection in free space without any solid (material) screens. Video projection is carried out on microparticles (usually moisture) of 1-10 microns in size. It should be noted that when creating such non-solid-state screens, the main emphasis is on the possibility of obtaining a maximum area screen with a minimum air flow rate. This is due to the fact that only in this case it is possible to really minimize the consumption of microparticles (spraying them in space), while ensuring their sufficiently high density per unit volume of the flow. That is why the formation of the "air screen" is carried out according to a three-stream scheme. To obtain an “air (or foggy) screen” laminar air flows are used, which are parallel unidirectional thin streams of air having the same speed and assembled into a single three-layer air stream. Such flows are formed by special devices. A feature of such flows is their multi-layering, when the formation of the "air screen" is carried out according to a three-stream scheme. The central one is a narrower (thinner) air stream enriched with microparticles (most often water), from two side (longer) sides it is “clamped” by two supporting it - wider air flows. Three streams together form a single (even wider) laminar air stream, the central one being the narrowest layer, enriched with microparticles, and is an “air screen”. It is on him that the projection of the image from the video projector is carried out.

To ensure the most vivid "picture" video projection is carried out mainly from the back of the screen - towards the observer, the so-called rear view projection [1]. In this case, the orientation of such an “air screen” in space does not matter, therefore, in practice, such “screens” are: vertical - with an air flow directed from the bottom up (Heliodisplay, see [2]), vertical, with an air flow directed from top to bottom (Fogscreen, see [3]) and horizontal - with flow directed in any direction (Heliodisplay see [2]).

One of the important features of such a laminar air flow is its symmetry with respect to the middle (central, enriched with microparticles, thin (narrow) air layer). Of crucial importance here is the equivalence of linear dimensions, the identity of temperature and air velocity of all components of a multilayer air flow.

Only in this case, provided that the rules established by the Reynolds and Poiseuille laws are observed (when creating the laminarizer itself (see below)), it is possible to obtain the most extended uniform, flat and continuous (without discontinuities) laminar air flow without turbulence.

Currently, various devices are known for forming non-solid-state projection screens, in which, for the formation of the screen itself, water fog is mainly used. In these devices, the screen is formed by blowing the air stream enriched in fog from the nozzle (s), and the image can be projected onto the flat misty “surface” thus formed from the front or back of the screen (relative to the observer).

To ensure the stability of the formation of such a screen of the required length, in all such devices on both sides of the air stream saturated with fog, as a rule, two identical air curtains (supporting air flows) are installed - one on each side. Moreover, they pass parallel to the thin central air stream, which forms the projection screen itself, are directed in the same direction as the central stream (screen), and have the same speed and temperature.

These air curtains are designed to keep the fog flow between them, as possible as stable, uniform, flat and extended as possible. Nevertheless, as the nozzles used in the formation of the screen move away from the outer boundary, there is a tendency to scatter it and lose stability, as a result of which the flatness of the “fog screen” worsens. This is due to friction between the central thin stream of fog and the flows accompanying it, as well as between the accompanying flows and the surrounding, still air. As a result, turbulences are formed on the surface of the flows, which adversely affect the stability of the formed non-solid-state projection screen. Obviously, since the flatness of the projection screen is deteriorating, the image quality is correspondingly deteriorating. Moreover, when moving away from the screen, the turbulence increases, which, ultimately, leads first to a loss of flatness, and then to the complete decay of the central “fog” air stream enriched in fog.

It should be noted that if the influence of friction between the accompanying flows and the surrounding stationary air on the central flow can, in principle, be significantly reduced by increasing the width of the air flows (curtains), then the development of friction between the accompanying flows and the central air flow, leading to parasitic turbulence, can influence a number of factors. These are: different speed of air flows (all three, including the central air stream), ripple of air in the flows (temporary unevenness), spatial unevenness of each of the flows (in length and width), different temperature of the air in the flows (including each from flows), various geometric dimensions of the supporting flows (asymmetry with respect to the central flow), air viscosity, air density, etc.

As a rule, a separate fan (as in Heliodisplay see [2]) or a group of fans (as in Fogscreen see [3]) is usually used to form a central air stream enriched with microparticles and supply it to the laminarizer zone. To form the accompanying (supporting) air flows in all known systems, only fan groups are always used.

In practice, in order to ensure the most uniform air flow, a very significant number of fans have to be used in devices of this type.

In known technical solutions, two air curtains and a central “foggy” flow are formed separately and independently from each other, using three groups of fans - according to the number of flows. Moreover, to ensure conditions of minimal turbulence at the output of the device, all fans used should have, as far as possible, the most identical characteristics. At the same time, the larger the size (the length of the device itself) it is necessary to form a non-solid projection screen, the more difficult the technical implementation of such a device is associated with the need to use a significant number of fans and the complexity of their selection.

There is a known method of forming a “smoke screen” and a device for its implementation (Fogscreen, see [4]), which includes two fan units used to form two wide supporting air flows that are supplied to the corresponding parts of the input surface of the laminarizer and passing through him, turn into laminar support flows and enter the output of the device for connection with the Central stream;

a fog generator, the output of which, under the influence of the air flow created by the fans, the air enriched in fog through the channel for transporting microparticles and the laminarizer enters the output of the device, where the supporting laminar air flows moving in the same direction and at the same speed as and fog, cover it on both sides, and begin to move with it in the same direction, thereby forming a non-solid projection screen.

This technical solution is the basis of the device for forming a foggy screen, known on the market under the trademark "Fogscreen", see link [5].

The main disadvantages of this method and device include the high complexity of the design, in practice, containing in its composition up to several dozen fans. So in the 8 meter version of Fogscreen their number is 256 pcs. (see link [6]), and in this regard, the low reliability of the device, the complexity of the selection, identical in characteristics, of the fan pairs, the high power consumption and high construction cost, the difficulty of servicing the device during operation, consisting in the need for manual adjustment (by bodies control) - selection of the optimal ratio of the speeds of the central and supporting air flows to reduce turbulence, as well as periodic cleaning of dust from fans (see link [7]).

In addition, due to the lack of a built-in system for automatically maintaining the same speed of the central (enriched in fog) and accompanying air flows, the formed non-solid-state projection screen has low quality characteristics.

However, in similar devices one fan can be used for each of the supporting flows (on both sides of the central flow), if these fans are of tangential (diametrical) type. Such an air supply scheme is much more efficient and allows providing satisfactory air flow characteristics without extra costs (using a significant number of fans and selecting them in pairs).

A known method of forming a non-solid projection screen and a device for its implementation, described in the application [8], comprising two parallel, tangential (diametrical) fans [9], in fact, two air curtains, widely known from everyday life (see [10], [11]) located in close proximity to one another and used to form two wide (but not yet laminar) air flows; fog generator, from the output of which, through the air channel, the fog-enriched air stream through the laminarizer enters the device’s output, where the parallel supporting laminar air flows in one direction and at the same speed as the central fog-enriched air stream, "(Central) air flow on both sides, in close proximity to it, thereby forming a solid-state projection screen of fog moving up (or down).

However, the implementation of the device is not widespread due to the lack of tangential fan wheels necessary (significant) length. In practice, their length is limited to only 120 cm, while modern devices for forming non-solid-state screens can produce “air screens” with a maximum width of more than 8 m. A simple increase in the number of these fan wheels in one unit is not possible due to the design features of the tangential fans themselves . For this type of fan, the electric motor is located at one of the ends of the working (tangential) wheel.

In comparison with the previous analogue, each of the tangential fans used here can replace a whole group (from 3 to 12 pieces, depending on the width of the “screen”) of the axial fans, creating a much more uniform air flow at the inlet of the laminarizer, since, due to the design features, tangential fans have a considerable length (in comparison with axial). In addition to everything, they create several times lower level of acoustic noise. The main disadvantages of this analogue include the following:

This type of fan (tangential) also requires their pairwise selection, to ensure maximum matching of the characteristics of the two air flows created by them, in different operating modes (this is necessary to reduce the turbulence of the total air flow).

Due to the absence, as in the previous analogue, of a system to automatically maintain the central (enriched in fog) and accompanying air flows at the same speed, the non-solid-state projection screen formed by such a device has low quality characteristics.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method and device are a method of forming a non-solid-state projection screen and a device for its implementation according to the application [12], adopted as a prototype method and a prototype device.

In the prototype method, three air streams are generated, of which one air stream is used to blow microparticles from the microparticle generator, resulting in a microparticle-rich air stream, which is then laminarized and a central air stream is formed to form a projection screen; and the other two generated air flows, symmetrical with respect to the central one, are further laminated and used as supporting air flows to form a projection screen.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a prototype device used to implement the prototype method, where it is indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - fan (air flow generator (HWP));

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

11, 12 - the first and second fan blocks;

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2;

Rv1 - increased pressure created at the output of block 11;

Rv2 - increased pressure created at the output of block 12;

Pv1 - air flow at the output of block 11;

Pv2 - air flow at the output of block 12;

P1 - air flow at the first exit FKLVP 3;

P2 - air flow at the second exit FKLVP 3;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles.

Figure 2 schematically shows a cross section of a device of the prototype (side view), where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - fan (air flow generator (HWP));

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

11, 12 - the first and second fan blocks;

13 - image source (AI);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

16 - water fog;

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv1 - increased pressure created at the output of block 11;

Rv2 - increased pressure created at the output of block 12;

Pv1 - air flow at the output of block 11;

Pv2 - air flow at the output of block 12;

P1 - air flow at the first exit FKLVP 3;

P2 - air flow at the second exit FKLVP 3;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles;

G is the eye of the observer.

Figure 3 schematically shows a cross section of a prototype device in an orthogonal plane (front view), where indicated:

11.1-11.n - fans from the 1st to the n-th first block of fans 11;

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - fan (air flow generator (HWP));

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

T is the central air stream saturated with microparticles;

Pa is atmospheric pressure.

The prototype device contains the first 11 and second 12 fan blocks, KTM 4, GMC 1, an air flow generator (HWP) 2 and FKLVP 3; moreover, the outputs of the fan blocks 11 and 12 are connected respectively to FKLVP 3, and the inputs of the blocks of fans 11 and 12 are the first and second inputs of the device, while the input of the HWP 2 is the third input of the device, and the output of the HWP 2 is connected to the input of the GMC 1 through KTM 4 is connected to the input FKLVP 3, the output of which is the output of the device.

The prototype device operates as follows.

Atmospheric air under pressure Ra enters the inlet of the main water supply 2, which is the input 3 of the device, at the outlet of which the air pressure acquires an increased value of Rv. Further, the air flow under pressure Рв arrives at the inlet of ГМЧ 1 and blows off the microparticles formed in it in КТМ 4, which, mixed with air, during movement, through КТМ 4 enter the central part of the inlet surface ФКЛВП 3. At the same time, atmospheric air (under pressure Ra), enters the input 1 and input 2 of the prototype device, which are, respectively, the inputs of the fan blocks 11 and 12, at the output of which air flows (Pv1 and Pv2) with pressures Pv1 and Pv2, respectively, which immediately arrive at the corresponding sideAsti FKLVP entrance surface 3. The pressure distribution diagram in these streams is shown in Figure 7a.

The air flows (P1 and P2) generated at the exit of FKLVP 3 from the input flows (Pv1 and Pv2) are laminar and move in the same direction and at the same speed with the central air flow T, are saturated with microparticles (water fog), covering it from both sides and thereby forming a non-solid projection screen.

As with the first analogue (Fogscreen), the main disadvantages of the prototype (Heliodisplay) should be considered the high complexity of the design, low reliability of the device, low quality characteristics of the solid-state projection screen associated with the use of a significant number of fans in the design of the device.

In practice, to ensure the formation of a solid-state projection screen of considerable width (length), the total number of fans can be several dozen pieces. So, in a Heliodisplay device, with a “air screen” size of about two meters diagonally, the number of fans in blocks 11 and 12 is more than 90 pieces (see links on the Internet [13], [14]).

As can be seen from Fig. 7a, the distribution diagram of the air flows generated by the fans in the prototype device, both in speed and in generated pressure, has a non-linear characteristic in all planes, and the number of fans is so significant that the developer needs to use to equalize the listed characteristics special design and technological measures that allow, at least partially, to compensate for this non-linearity. Not to mention, the mandatory selection of pairs of fans located on opposite sides of the central nozzle (to ensure the coincidence of their aerodynamic characteristics).

It should also take into account the total energy consumption of a significant number of fans and, in this regard, the low reliability of the device, consisting of such a significant number of electromechanical devices having precision bearings and electric motors in their design.

The regulation of air flow characteristics (rotational speed of various groups of fans) at the outlet of GWP 2 and at the outputs of blocks 11 and 12 is carried out independently, therefore, in practice, it turns out to be practically impossible to ensure complete coincidence of the speeds of the central and accompanying air flows in the entire range of speed control . This, in the end, negatively affects the quality of the formed "air screen".

These disadvantages of the prototype method and the prototype device do not allow to implement an inexpensive and reliable device for forming a non-solid-state projection screen with a stable and high-quality surface of the "air screen" of a significant area.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a simple and effective method of forming a non-solid-state projection screen and a device that provides a more stable and high-quality surface of the projection screen with its large area.

Achievable technical result - improving the quality of the projected image and the reliability of the device.

To solve the problem, in the method of forming a solid-state projection screen based on microparticles, which consists in obtaining a combined laminar air stream, consisting of a central laminar air stream enriched with microparticles, and two lateral, identical and supporting laminar air flows, for which the formation of air flow using an air flow generator (GWP), blowing microparticles from a microparticle generator (GMP) into a channel for transportation microparticles (KTM), feeding with KTM obtained microparticle-rich air flow to the central part of the input surface of the shaper of the combined laminar air flow (FKLVP) and passing it through the air channels of the central part of the FKLVP, resulting in a central laminar air flow enriched in microparticles , according to the invention, the air flow previously formed by means of the GWP is stabilized by means of an air flow stabilizer (SVP), the obtained stabilized the air flow is pumped into the pressure chamber until the required pressure is obtained and then pass through the holes of two symmetrical (relative to the KTM) parts of the perforated diaphragm (PD), as a result, at the exit of the PD, two identical air symmetrical with respect to the KTM are obtained flow, which then pass through the air channels of the corresponding lateral parts of the FCLF, symmetrical with respect to its central part, as a result of which, two identical to each other, sym metric relative to the central, laminar air flow enriched with microparticles, and supporting it, the lateral laminar air flow; in addition, the airflow stabilized by SVP is weakened to the required value with the help of an air flow attenuator, and then it is used to blow microparticles from the GMP to the KTM, as well as for the subsequent supply of microparticle-rich air flow to the central part of the inlet surface of the FCLF and its further transmission through the air channels of the central part of FKLVP.

Also, to solve the problem, a device for forming a non-solid-state projection screen based on microparticles, containing an air flow generator (HWP), the input of which is the device input, a shaper of combined laminar air flow (FKLVP), the output surface of which is the output of the device; a microparticle generator (GMP), the output of which is connected to the input of the channel for transporting microparticles (KTM), according to the invention, an additional pressure chamber (COP), an air flow attenuator (WUA) and an air flow stabilizer (SVP) are additionally introduced, while the efficiency is located in the immediate vicinity of FKLVP and made in the form of a closed container, one side of which adjacent to the input surface of the FKLVP, is a perforated diaphragm (PD); in addition, the efficiency is made with the possibility of supplying to it an air stream from the main water heater, in the path of which, an SVP is installed; the internal volume of efficiency through the WUA is communicated with the GMP input moreover, the KTM is laid from the GMS outlet along the entire length of the AP to the central part of the inlet surface of the FCLF; The air inlet is made in the form of a design symmetrical with respect to the middle of the KTM, the perforation openings in which ensure uniform air discharge from the efficiency over the entire area of the air inlet with an air pressure level sufficient to obtain a given air velocity supplied to the lateral parts of the inlet surface of the FKLV GWP characteristics an airtight design is made around the perimeter of the PD, limiting the internal volume between the PD and the input surface of the FCLF from the external environment.

The invention is illustrated using the following drawings.

Figure 4 shows the General functional diagram of the inventive device, where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency);

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

7 - air flow attenuator (WUA);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

9 - airtight design (VNK);

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside GMS1;

Rvd - pressure at the exit of PD 6;

P - lateral air flows at the inlet FKLVP 3;

Pl - lateral air flows at the exit of FKLVP 3;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles.

Figure 5 schematically shows a cross section of the claimed device (embodiment), where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency)

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

7 - air flow attenuator (WUA);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

9 - airtight design (VNK);

13 - image source (AI);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

16 - water fog;

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside GMS1;

Rvd - pressure obtained on the output surface of the PD 6;

P - lateral air flows supplied to the inlet surface of the FCLVPZ;

Pl - lateral air flow received at the output of the device;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles;

G is the eye of the observer.

Figure 6 schematically shows a cross section of the inventive device (embodiment) in the orthogonal plane (front view), where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency)

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

7 - air flow attenuator (WUA);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

9 - airtight design (VNK);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

17 - nozzles KTM;

Pa is atmospheric pressure.

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside GMS1;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles.

7 schematically shows a diagram of the distribution of air flows created by the fan blocks 11 and 12 in the prototype device (Figa) and the GWP unit 2 in the inventive device (Fig.7b).

On figa indicated:

11, 12 - the first and second fan blocks;

11.1-11.n - from the 1st to the n-th fans of block 11;

Pv1 - air flow at the output of block 11;

Pv2 - air flow at the output of block 12;

Rv1 - increased pressure created at the output of block 11;

Rv2 - increased pressure created at the output of block 12;

Rv1.1 - Rv1.n - increased pressure at the outputs of each of the n fans of blocks 11 and 12;

x, y, z - coordinate axes, while the axis "y" is delayed:

along the x-axis - the linear size of the device in width;

along the z axis, the linear size of the device in length.

On figb designated:

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency);

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvd - pressure at the exit of PD 6;

P - lateral air flows supplied to the inlet surface of the FCLVPZ;

x, y, z - coordinate axes, while the axis "y" is delayed:

along the x-axis - the linear size of the device in width;

along the z axis, the linear size of the device in length.

On Fig shows a vertical embodiment of the inventive device in axonometric projection, where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency);

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

7 - air flow attenuator (WUA);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

9 - airtight design (VNK);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

17 - nozzles KTM;

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside the GMS1.

Pl - lateral air flows at the exit of FKLVP 3;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles.

Figure 9 shows a horizontal embodiment of the inventive device in axonometric projection, where indicated:

1 - microparticle generator (GMP);

2 - air flow generator (HWP);

3 - shaper combined laminar air flow (FKLVP);

4 - channel for the transportation of microparticles (KTM);

5 - pressure chamber (Efficiency);

6 - perforated diaphragm (PD);

7 - air flow attenuator (WUA);

8 - air flow stabilizer (SVP);

9 - airtight design (VNK);

14 - ultrasonic fog emitters;

15 - part of the tank filled with water;

17 - nozzles KTM;

Pa is atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside the GMS1.

Pl - lateral air flows at the exit of FKLVP 3;

T is the central laminar air flow saturated with microparticles.

The inventive device comprises an air flow generator (HWP) 2, the input of which is the input of the device, a shaper of a combined laminar air flow (FKLVP) 3, the output surface of which is the output of the device, a pressure chamber (5) located in the immediate vicinity of the FKLVP 3 and made in the form of a closed container, which is limited by a perforated diaphragm (PD) 6 from the side adjacent to the entrance surface of the FCLVP 6. Moreover, the efficiency 5 is made with the possibility of supplying air to it from GWP 2, on the path of which an air flow stabilizer (SVP) 8 is placed.

The internal volume of efficiency 5 through the attenuator of the air flow (WUA) 7 is communicated with the input of the microparticle generator (GMP) 1, the output of which is connected to the input of the channel for transporting microparticles (KTM) 4, which is laid in the middle of the PD 6, along its entire length, to the central part of the input surface FKLVP 3. Moreover, PD 6 is made in the form of a symmetrical structure relative to the middle of the KTM 4, the perforations in which provide uniform air flow over the entire area of PD 6, with an air pressure level sufficient to radiation of a given speed of the air flow supplied to the lateral parts of the inlet surface of the FKLVP 3, at the given power (or aerodynamic) characteristics of the GWP 2.

At the same time, the internal volume located between PD6 and the inlet surface of the FCLVP 3 is limited along the perimeter of PD6 from the external environment by an airtight structure (BHC) 9.

The basis of the implementation of the proposed method using the proposed device is the law of Pascal. According to Pascal’s law, the pressure produced on a gas is transmitted to any point equally in all directions.

From the course of physics, the classical experience is known: if you attach a hollow ball to the tube with a piston with many small holes of the same shape and diameter and, filling the ball with gas (smoke), press the piston to increase the pressure in it, then gas will start to escape through all holes at the same time , and the gas pressure due to external pressure in all openings will be the same [26].

However, the Pascal law on which the device’s operation is based is valid only for static pressure, and in practice, the pressure created by any air flow generator consists (according to Bernoulli's law) of two components: static - p and dynamic - q.

That is, at the outlet of GWP 2, an air flow is formed, which moves with a certain (usually significant) speed, and contains mainly a dynamic component, determined by the formula:

q = 0.0625 × V2 [kg / m ² ],

where V2 is the wind speed (air flow at the outlet of GWP 2), expressed in [m / s].

Bernoulli’s law says: the sum of the static and dynamic pressures at each point in the flow is a constant value:

p + q = const.

In other words: at each point of the air flow, an increase in the flow velocity is accompanied by a decrease in static pressure, and when the flow velocity decreases, an increase in static pressure is proportional to the change in the square of the velocity:

p + 0.0625 × V2 = const.

For us, to achieve the desired result, it is necessary to reduce the dynamic component of pressure, while increasing the static component, that is, convert the dynamic component to static.

Therefore, in order to convert dynamic pressure into static pressure, the speed of the air flow from the HWP 2 must be reduced to the minimum possible value (slow down to "0").

In the ideal case, at V2 = 0, we obtain a stabilized air flow with a constant component of static pressure:

p + 0.0625 × 0 = const.

p = const.

To reduce the speed of the air flow supplied from the HWP 2, an SVP 8 is installed in the air flow path, by means of which the air flow is “braked”, as a result of which the dynamic pressure decreases to the minimum possible, and the static pressure increases to the maximum possible, while the air flow is stabilized.

Thus, in the efficiency 5, a stream of air that contains the smallest possible dynamic component, i.e. dynamic pressure (the vector is directed parallel to the walls of the efficiency tank 5) and the maximum possible static component, i.e. static air pressure (the vector is directed perpendicular to the walls of the efficiency tank 5), which is just necessary for blowing air from the perforation holes of the PD 6.

At the same time, according to Pascal’s law, the same excess air pressure Pv begins to act on any point on the inner surface of the efficiency 5. The same pressure acts on each point of the inner surface of the PD 6, limiting the efficiency 5 from the side adjacent to the input surface of the FCLVP 3.

PD 6 is fixed along the perimeter of the efficiency 5 so that the air flow created by the excess pressure Rv inside the efficiency 5 can only go out through the perforations on the surface of the PD 6. Due to the prevalence of static pressure in the efficiency 5, according to Pascal's law, PD 6 passes air from all perforation holes uniformly located over its entire surface and having the same shape and dimensions, with one pressure Rvd, evenly. This is because when the air stream passes through the PD 6, its pressure "drops", and at the exit of the PD 6 in each of the perforation holes we have identical micro-air flows. Moreover, all the resulting microflows at the output of PD 6 have the same speed, both in direction and in value. As a result, we get a uniform total air flow, which is a set of micro flows from each PD6 hole.

Analyzing the graph of the distribution of pressure Rvd created at the output of PD 6 shown in Fig.7b, it is not difficult to see that, unlike the graph corresponding to the prototype (Fig.7a), the pressure created by PD 6 has an almost perfectly linear distribution over the entire length and width of the formed air flow. This means that at the exit of PD 6 air flows P identical in direction and speed are formed, however, having, so far, not sufficient laminarity.

At the same time, VNK 9, limiting the internal volume between PD 6 and the inlet surface of the FCLF 3, prevents spurious dispersion (loss) of air flows into the external environment, thereby reducing the effect of the edge effect.

At the same time, the air stream of increased pressure Rv with a predominance of the static pressure component in it, created in the efficiency 5, is used to blow microparticles from GMS 1.

At its core, GMP 1 (see Fig.6) is a tank (closed container) filled with water to a predetermined level. At least one ultrasonic fog emitter 14 is located in the water at a certain depth, and in the part of the tank that is free of water and designed to allow fog to form inside it, there is an inlet of the GFM 1 - at least one inlet intended for supplying into the air flow tank with high pressure. This hole is located on the side or top of the tank (above the surface of the water). In addition, on the side or top of the GMS tank 1, and also in its part free of water, however, at a certain distance from the inlet, there is an outlet - this is the GMS outlet 1, in which the KTM 4 inlet originates.

At the same time, the air flow supplied under a certain pressure Рв to the inlet of the ГМЧ 1 (to the part of the tank free of water) acts on the air in the tank and on each microparticle of the generated fog, forcing it to move first to the outlet of ГМЧ 1, and then at the entrance of KTM 4, through which the air enriched in fog is delivered to the region of lowered (atmospheric) pressure Ra, directly to the input surface of FKLVP 3, its central part.

In practice, without the use of special measures, the pressure Рв inside the efficiency 5, as a rule, turns out to be too high to provide a given speed of movement of the central air stream enriched with microparticles (fog) according to KTM 4. It is for this purpose that the gas tank 1 is installed at the tank inlet 1 pressure attenuator (attenuator), the functions of which, exactly, are performed by the WUA 7, designed to reduce the air pressure inside the GMS 1 to the required Rvg value.

It should be noted that the parameters of WUA 7 - the degree of its attenuation, for a particular product are selected once - empirically, based on the required degree of attenuation of the air flow. It depends on the power of the selected GWP 2 and the throughput (perforation parameters) of PD 6.

Thus, under the action of high pressure Рв, weakened to Рвг by means of WUA 7, the microparticles of the fog from the output of the ГМЧ 1, which generates them, are fed through KTM 4 to the central part of the input surface of the FCLF 3.

Since PD 6 is made in the form of a design symmetrical with respect to KTM 4, then at the output of PD 6 we obtain two identical air flows of Pvd, which are symmetrical with respect to KTM, which are supplied to the corresponding side parts of the inlet surface of the FCLF 3.

In FKLVP 3, all three streams supplied to its input surface are laminarized, as a result of which, at the device output, a combined laminar air stream is obtained having a predetermined and constant cross-sectional velocity, density and temperature, and consisting of a central laminar outlet stream T saturated microparticles (water fog), and two supporting (almost identical) lateral laminar air flows Pl.

Thus, at the output of the device, a projection screen of microparticles is created, onto which the image from the image source (AI) 13 is projected.

We give evidence of the operational efficiency of the claimed device.

For the prototype device (see Figure 1, 2), you can make the following equalities:

Pb2 = Pa × Kv2 (t);

Pb1 = Pa × Kb1 (t);

Pb = Pa × Kv (t),

where Pa is the atmospheric pressure;

Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of the GWP 2;

Rv1 - increased pressure created at the output of block 11;

Rv2 - increased pressure created at the output of block 12;

Kv1 (t), Kv2 (t) and Kv (t) - respectively, the amplification factors of the pressure of the fans (air flow generators) for blocks 11, 12 and GWP 2, which are functions of time f (t) (can change with time during operation devices), which also depend on a number of parameters, such as the position of the fan speed control knob on the control panel, supply voltage, ambient temperature, air humidity, type of fans used, air viscosity, atmospheric pressure, the characteristics of each particular valve Yator (about 100 pieces), etc.

Being functions of time, at different times, these coefficients can take different and not necessarily the same values, that is, vary differently, and given the fact that, in practice, each of blocks 11 and 12 contains a whole group of fans, then the scatter of the values of these odds can be very significant. That is, at a fixed atmospheric pressure Ra, the flows Pb1 and Pb2 will, in general, differ from each other, and are in no way functionally related to the flow of Pb from the outlet of GWP 2.

This means that the introduction of any automatic control of the central flow speed depending on the speeds of the accompanying flows cannot be solved here in a simple way, and the implementation of such control may require the developer to create special complex electronic control systems equipped with sensors and actuators.

But here is how these same equalities look for the claimed device (see Fig. 4, 5):

Pb = Pa × Kv (t);

Rvg = Rv / Kg;

Rvd = Rv / Cd,

where Rv is the increased pressure created at the outlet of GWP 2, SVP 8 and inside the efficiency 5;

Rvg - increased pressure created at the exit of the WUA 7 and inside GMS1;

Rvd - pressure obtained on the output surface of the PD 6;

Kv (t) - GWP 2 pressure gain (as in the prototype), is a function of time and depends, first of all, on the position of the knob of the GWP 2 speed regulator (if it is a fan, then just one fan!) On the control panel (and also , but to a lesser extent, from the ambient temperature, air humidity, supply voltage, type of fan, air viscosity, pressure, etc.); at the same time, from the position of the regulator the fan speed and, accordingly, the pressure at the outlet of the HWP 2 will change.

Kg - coefficient of pressure relief WUA 7 - a value that does not depend on time and constant for a particular product.

Cd is the pressure attenuation coefficient; PD 6 is a constant constant for a particular product (it can vary, but very slowly and within very insignificant limits from changes in ambient temperature, humidity), that is, practically independent of time.

Rvd = Rv / Kd = Ra × Kv (t) / Kd;

Rvg = Rv / Kg = Pa × Kv (t) / Kg,

Dividing the upper expression into the lower one, we get:

K = Rvd / Rvg = (Ra × Kv (t) / Kd) / Ra × Kv (t) / Kg = Kd / Kg = const.

K = const.

Coefficient K - is a value constant for a particular product, and not a function of time.

Thus, the pressure Rvd - at the output of PD 6 (which essentially determines the velocity of the accompanying flows) refers to the pressure of Rvg inside the GMP 1 (which essentially determines the speed of the central flow), as the attenuation coefficient of the perforated diaphragm Kd to the attenuation coefficient of the attenuator Kg, i.e. , for a particular device is a constant.

But, since Kg and Kd are also constant values (not depending on time) for a particular product, it is obvious that the previous equality can now be written in the following form:

Rvg = Rvd / K, where K = const.

This is the equality of the usual linear dependence, which can be interpreted as follows: "In the inventive device, the speed of the central stream is directly proportional to the speed of the accompanying flows."

But we need the speed of the central and accompanying flows to be the same, for this the coefficient K (in the above formula) should be equal to "1":

K = 1, then Rvg = Rvd / 1,

that is, we get Rvg = Rvd.

However, K = Kd / Kg and for K = 1 we have Kd = Kg.

But since Cd is the attenuation coefficient of PD 6, it is a fixed and unchanged value for this PD 6, and the attenuation coefficient of attenuation of Kg is a value that can be adjusted, then, ultimately, the entire setup of a particular device product for speed equalization central and accompanying flows will be reduced only to a single selection of the coefficient Kg - attenuation of WUAs 7.

In the future, during operation of the device, the speed control of the central flow (when changing the speed of the GWP 2 using the controller on the control panel of the device) relative to the speed of the accompanying flows will be carried out automatically without the need for any complex electronic systems for regulating and controlling the speed of air flows .

Due to the design of PD 6, which has a fairly dense perforation, ensuring its uniform blowing under the action of excessive pressure, we obtain additional stabilization of the air flow supplied to the FCLF 3

Thus, this technical solution allows the formation of a combined laminar air flow, which includes a central (transporting microparticles) air flow and on both sides of it are two identical protective air flows, whose speeds are the same.

Consider embodiments of the device according to the invention.

On Fig shows one of the possible embodiments of the inventive device in a vertical form. The device itself is located vertically, and the “air screen” and, accordingly, all its components: the central flow T enriched with microparticles and two identical flows supporting it Pl move horizontally (in the case shown from left to right). At the same time, GMP 1 is located outside Efficiency 5 (outside of it) and connected to its internal volume using WUA 7, which in this design variant can be made in the form of a short duct of a certain (empirically selected (see formulas ...)) cross-sectional area . In this embodiment, the main units of the device: KTM 4, PD 6, SVP 8 and FLKVP 3 are also installed vertically, while the air channels FLKVP 3 (not shown) are parallel to the floor surface.

Figure 9 shows a horizontal embodiment of the inventive device. The device itself is located horizontally, and the “air screen” and, accordingly, all its components: the central stream T enriched with microparticles and two identical supporting Pl, move vertically (in the case shown from the bottom up). A feature of the presented embodiment of the device is the constructive placement of the GMP 1 directly inside the efficiency 5, while the GMP 1 is connected to the internal volume of the efficiency 5 using the WUA 7, which in this embodiment is one or more holes in the upper or side wall of the GMP 1 having a given total cross-sectional area (selected once empirically). In this embodiment, the main units of the device: KTM 4, PD 6, SVP 8 and FLKVP 3 are also located horizontally, while the air channels of FLKVP 3 are perpendicular to the floor surface.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that, despite changes in the orientation of the position of the device itself and its main blocks (horizontal or vertical), the GMS 1 is always (in all cases) located the same - strictly horizontal. This is determined by the need to place the surface of the fog emitters 14 strictly parallel to the always horizontal surface of the water to ensure the process of fog generation by the emitters.

It should be noted that, in practice, the dimensions of the proposed device, implemented using the claimed invention, in any of the possible embodiments, can be either not large, for example, to place the device on a table, or very large, limited, for example, only by height room ceilings and ease of transportation of the device. In this case, the device case (external execution - design), in practice, can take any shape - both rectangular and round, elliptical, etc. After all, the principles laid down in the foundation of the functioning of the proposed device make it easy to fulfill.

Consider examples of implementation of the blocks of the claimed device.

As mentioned above, the formation of a projection screen based on microparticles is carried out in the device. Let us explain what these microparticles are. It should be noted that in this case, we are talking about solid-state centers of light scattering, which should have dimensions of the order of 1-10 μm, the suspension of which in air can be freely picked up by the air flow and transferred to the required (final) distance.

Of course, theoretically, it could be any solid-state microparticles, starting from any type of powder and ending with microparticles of smoke of an appropriate size, however, here we are talking about creating a non-solid-state screen for projection, which means that during the operation of such a screen, the entire room , and in particular, the space adjacent to the screen should remain sufficiently transparent, during the entire time the device is operating, for light rays, that is, after passing through the screen area, these microparticles should become not visible, “disappear” - as if to dissolve in air. And most importantly, these microparticles remaining in the air of the room should not be harmful for prolonged inhalation by a person (viewer). After spraying, they should not settle on the walls of the room and objects inside it.

It is clear that neither powder, nor smoke, nor any other suspensions of solid-state microparticles are suitable for this purpose. It is for these reasons, as such microparticles, all known devices, including analogues, and the prototype use precisely microdroplets of water, the so-called fog (cold vapor).

It should be noted that the usual water aerosol formed by spray nozzles (spraying liquid under high pressure) is characterized by the presence of fractions of different sizes in it - highly dispersed, medium-dispersed and finely dispersed from 0.5 to 400 microns. This does not suit us, since too heavy microparticles cannot be lifted into the air by a weak stream of air (at a low speed), plus everything, these particles of water, falling into the air, begin to stick together into larger water droplets, forming condensation, which, ultimately, will begin to precipitate on the surfaces of all objects indoors, including the walls and ceiling.

To obtain microparticles, it is advisable to use ultrasonic emitters, forming only finely dispersed aerosol, the so-called "cold vapor", and ensuring the formation of droplets with a diameter of 1-10 microns. When you bring your hand into such a fog, you feel cool, and your hand remains dry.

This is due to the peculiarity of ultrasonic fog emitters. So, during ultrasonic atomization of water, all microdrops acquire an insignificant (identical in sign) negative electric charge, which, with an insignificant mass of these droplets, plays an important role in the distance of droplets from each other (creates a kind of electrospore that does not allow them to stick together and merge with each other (condense) into larger droplets - turning into condensate (as in a regular aerosol), which does not allow them to settle on surfaces enclosing the airspace (including the laminarisis itself torus, as well as any surface inside the room.) Such artificial electrification of fog increases the “life” time of water droplets, preventing them from “landing.” In addition, ultrasonic emitters work almost silently. And, since they are electronic, and not mechanical devices, then they are in good agreement with various electronic elements and blocks of automatic control systems.

But the most important is the high efficiency of fogging. So, using an ultrasonic emitter, you can get 15 billion water particles of aerosol (water fog) with a particle size (diameter) of about 5 microns, the total surface of which will be 1.2 sq. M. (see link on the Internet [15]).

As indicated above, GMS 1 (see Figure 5) consists of a tank - a tank of arbitrary shape made of plastic, metal, glass, etc., forming a closed volume, inside, in one part of which is filled with water to a predetermined level 15, ultrasonic fog emitters 14 are placed, and in the other, water-free, air part of the tank, designed to enable the formation of fog 16 inside it, there is a GMS outlet 1. The size of the tank is determined primarily by the number of fog emitters used in the device 14 (their total physical size (volume) must fit in the tank), and the number of these emitters depends on the size of the non-solid-state projection screen planned for the formation. A standard fog emitter generates up to 200-300 ml of liquid in the form of microparticles every hour. In addition, the size of the tank should make it possible to fill it with a volume of water, sufficient not only to provide a certain level of liquid to maintain the operability of ultrasonic emitters, but also sufficient to prevent overheating of this water during operation of the device (even despite the constant blowing of the water surface with air). The fact is that in the process of generating fog, ultrasonic emitters emit a sufficient amount of heat, and the working temperature of the water (to ensure their effective operation) should not exceed 50 degrees C.

When implementing the device, the GMS 1 can be placed both in the immediate vicinity of the PD 6 (at a very small distance from the PD 6, for example, even inside the efficiency 5 (see Fig. 9), and outside the efficiency 5 - this does not matter values and does not affect the implementation of the method and the operability of the device as a whole.

In practice, the distance at which the GMP 1 can be removed from the efficiency 5 can be insignificant, then the GMP 1 is located inside the entire product body (but outside the efficiency 5) and is connected to the internal volume of the efficiency 5 using a short length of the duct (several centimeters) - it is this option that is shown in Fig. 8, and it is very significant - up to several meters. In this case, the GMC 1 can be far away - outside the product body (not shown in the drawing). With this removal of the GMC 1, it is connected to the product with two ducts - one duct is connected to the internal volume of the efficiency 5, while the second duct (actually a long channel of the KTM 4) also originates inside the GMC 1. With this connection option (with the duct) it should be borne in mind that a significant increase in the length of the ducts will require not only an increase in the power of the HWP 2 to compensate for pressure losses, but also may require the use of a significantly larger number of fog emitters in order to compensate be loss on condensation in a long tube external MWC 4.

In all cases, the location of the GMC 1 imposes certain requirements on the length of the KTM 4. Moreover, the removal of the GMC 1 at a considerable distance is not desirable, due to the significant increase in the input section of the KTM 4, on which a large amount of microparticles may be lost (condensed) during transportation to the surface of FLKVP 3, which will result in significant fog losses.

If GMS 1 is located inside the efficiency 5 (see Fig. 9), then as a WCA 7, a usual hole (one or several) of a certain sectional area in the air part of the tank through which air is supplied to GVP1 can be used.

If the GMS 1 is located outside the efficiency 5 (see Fig. 8), then it is connected to it using an air duct, which (or part of which, for example, constriction) serves as a WUA 7. In this case, the weakening of the air flow can be achieved due to a certain the cross section of the duct, or, for example, due to an additional airtight partition, the required size, inside the duct, or due to the inside of the duct, for example, a mesh with cells of a given section, partially overlapping the inner cross section of the duct and to a given area.

As a rule, inside the GMC tank 1, a fluid level sensor is also placed (for indicating and controlling the supply system from outside the water to the device) and unions for drain and inlet hoses, as well as a process manhole cover (not shown in the drawing), through which , in practice, the contents of the tank are installed and work is carried out to revise its contents.

Ultrasonic fog emitters given in (see the link on the Internet [16]) can be used for the implementation of GFM 1, since it is precisely these that make it possible to ensure the formation of water particles of a given size and certain physical properties.

The basis of each such ultrasonic emitter 14, located in the tank 15 with water, is a cermet (piezocrystalline) membrane and an electrical circuit of an ultrasonic generator. The voltage generated by the built-in ultrasonic generator causes the piezocrystalline membrane to oscillate at a frequency of about 2 MHz. The membrane, being in water, at a certain depth (25-40 mm from the surface of the water), forms a small water column - 10-15 mm above the surface of the water (ultrasonic fountain) from which droplets with a diameter of 1-10 microns are actively separated, forming a dense, steady water fog.

For the operation of the GFM 1, a means is needed that injects air into the fog formation zone, and an air channel (KTM 4), from which the formed fog exits in the form of cold water vapor.

The formed water aerosol (cold steam) is mixed with the air flow supplied to the tank through the WUA 7, and then discharged through the KTM 4. One standard piezocrystalline membrane can, as a rule, convert 200-300 ml of water per hour into a mist - aerosol. Obtained in this way, the fog mixed with air (T) advances to the inlet surface of the FCLF 3.

The longevity of the functioning of the piezocrystalline membrane strongly depends on the quality of the water preparation (the presence of hardness salts in the water) and the manufacturing quality of the membranes themselves. Thus, ultrasonic emitters are demanding on the preparation (composition) of water. During the operation of the ultrasonic emitter, mineral hardness salts in the water settle on the body and membrane (membranes), which leads, over time, to a decrease in work efficiency (fogging). To increase the membrane resource and the quality of the sprayed water vapor, it is necessary to use filters for preliminary water treatment or use distilled water.

An increase in the performance of the GFM 1 can be achieved by increasing the number of emitters (membranes).

At least one of any suitable parameters (power, pumped volume of air, air pressure), fan, blower, compressor or compressed air tank can be used as GWP 2.

In the particular case of execution (see Fig. 8, 9), GWP 2 can be installed directly in the efficiency 5. In this case, for example, a shutter 8 can serve, for example, as a flat curtain (partition) of a certain shape and area, installed directly inside Efficiency 5 on the air flow path at a certain distance from PD 6.

But in other cases, run, GWP 2 can be located at a distance from the efficiency 5 (not shown in the drawing). At the same time, the air flow from the GWP 2 through the SVP 8 will be supplied to the efficiency 5 using an air duct (for example, an air duct, an air pipe or a corrugated air sleeve), the type and diameter of which is selected based on the required air pressure and the volume of pumped air. In the case of using a cylinder with compressed air, a valve opens on it to the required size (to create the desired air pressure). As SVP 8, in this case, for example, the so-called static pressure chamber can be used (see reference [17]). The chamber used to obtain static pressure, as a rule, is a closed volume, which is connected to the duct using a pipe. Inside the chamber, additional leveling devices (chippers, dividers in the form of perforated sheets, curtains), as well as sound-absorbing material can be installed. When hit in SVP 8, the air velocity decreases sharply, pulsating vortices are formed, which gradually decay, due to the fact that the dynamic pressure decreases to a minimum, and the static pressure, on the contrary, increases to a value approximately equal to the total pressure. In some cases, this camera is called sedative, because the speed in it tends to zero, and the air flow stabilizes.

The technical implementation of efficiency 5 has the following features.

According to the technical essence, efficiency 5 is a container (volume, tank, reservoir) for accumulating air supplied to it and consumed through openings of small cross-section (in our case, these are perforation openings of PD 6), as well as to smooth out fluctuations in pressure supplied to her air flow.

All sides of the efficiency tank 5, except for the side adjacent to the input surface of the FCLVP 3, are limited by airtight walls that form the housing of the efficiency 5, in which a hole is made for supplying the air flow to the efficiency 5. And the side of the KPD 5 capacity adjacent to the inlet surface of the FCLWP 3 is a perforated diaphragm PD 6, in which there are openings for letting air flow out of KPD 5.

The material for the manufacture of the case of efficiency 5 can be wood, plastic, metal, glass, airtight fabric, etc. The property of efficiency 5 to smooth out fluctuations in air pressure makes it possible to install virtually any obstacles inside it, including blocks and units of the device itself. Moreover, the presence of minor technological gaps or holes in the housing of efficiency 5, in fact, does not significantly affect the operation of the device as a whole, but only requires a slight increase in the intensity of the GWP 2 (in the particular case of execution, this means it will require an increase in the speed of rotation of the GWP 2 fan ), which, in turn, will slightly increase the power consumption of the device as a whole and slightly increase the level of acoustic noise created by working at higher speeds of the HWP 2 (fan).

It is very important to ensure the functioning of the device is that the design of the PD 6 should be as symmetrical as possible relative to the middle (output holes) of the KTM 4, while its left and right parts of the PD 6 can be tilted relative to each other (located at an angle to each other to a friend and, accordingly, to KTM 4).

The length of the PD 6 is determined by the length of the non-solid projection screen (in practice, its length is chosen slightly longer than the “screen”), and the minimum width of the PD 6 is determined by the width of the output combined laminar air flow, which includes a central air stream enriched with microparticles, and two identical ones that accompany it airflow symmetrically located on both sides of the central airflow.

Perforation PD 6 is performed in accordance with an algorithm that determines the size, shape, frequency and law of placement of perforation holes in it, ensuring the formation of a uniform air flow over its entire area, with an air pressure level sufficient to obtain a given speed of air flow supplied to the side parts input surface FKLVP 3, for given power characteristics GWP 2.

In the implementation of PD 6, round-shaped perforations are preferred, although hexagonal, square or rectangular holes (cells) are also allowed. The same cell size and density of their location on the PD 6 are selected for reasons of obtaining inside the efficiency 5 an increased pressure Рв, which ensures using the ПД 6 the pressure Rvd necessary to obtain a given air flow (P) speed at selected power (or aerodynamic) parameters GWP 2. In order to uniformly release the air flow through all openings of the PD 6, it is necessary that the air velocity at the exit of the "microperforation" is several times higher than the air velocity at the inlet of the PD 6.

In special cases, PD 6 can be performed: in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer welded mesh of a material suitable for welding technology; in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer woven mesh of filaments of material suitable for fabric production technology; from a voluminous spongy nonwoven material of a given thickness and density; from a bulk fibrous nonwoven material of a given thickness and density; from a solid material of a certain thickness by drilling, cutting, burning (by laser) or stamping holes in it; from thin layers of material suitable for molding technology by the method of volumetric molding them, followed by their combination into a three-dimensional structure.

In fact, approximately, the same principle of air flow formation can be observed when forming an air flow of uniform supply in fabric (textile) air ducts, which are made of breathable fabric. In them, air uniformly exits through the entire surface of the duct or part of it with a given (usually low) speed [24].

When performing PD 6, it is very important that the total area of all holes of its perforation is so small that excessive pressure occurs in the efficiency 5. Under the influence of this increased pressure on the inlet surface of PD 6, it should either be inflated uniformly, like a sail (in the case of PD 6 on a fabric basis), performing additional stabilization of the air flow; or be such an obstacle to the air flow with high pressure (in the case of the PD 6 based on an inelastic grid), so that when passing through the PD 6 there is a redistribution of the static and dynamic components of this air flow, i.e., additional stabilization of the air flow must be ensured fed to the input surface FKLVP 3.

Due to the design of PD 6, which has a fairly dense perforation, which ensures its uniform blowing under the action of excessive pressure, it becomes possible not only to replace many air flow generators with one (HWP 2), but also to supply air flow to PD 6 at any angle, so the inlet Efficiency 5 can be done practically, anywhere Efficiency 5 (in any of the walls, excluding PD 6 itself) relative to PD 6 - this does not contradict the basic principle that underlies the functioning of the proposed method and device ystva. The correctly selected density of the holes in the PD 6 will ensure its uniform blowing under the action of excessive pressure inside the efficiency 5 and obtain additional stabilization of the air flow supplied to the FCLF 3.

The design of the KTM 4 can be different, and the sizes of its parts are selected based on considerations of the ability to transmit a certain predetermined volume of air saturated with fog to the input surface of the FCLF 3.

In practice, KTM 4 most often consists of two sections (see Figs. 8, 9), of which the first is a transportation section. It is a fairly wide air channel - a pipe (usually plastic or metal), the cross section of which can be of any, but most often, circular shape so that there are fewer angles for the formation of spurious turbulence inside it. This channel originates inside the tank GMC 1 and, further, runs along the entire length of the input surface FKLVP 3, and its length is determined by the length of the solid-state projection screen. The input of the KTM 4 is the inlet from one end of the pipe - it opens the first, transport section of the KTM 4, originating inside the GMP 1, through which the fog is delivered directly to the working section of the KTM 4. The outlet of the pipe is tightly closed, while along the entire the length of the working section of KTM 4, at a given angle to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, a longitudinal slit section is made, equal in length to the working section and the projection screen being formed. In this section, one end inserted and fixed, at a certain depth inside the pipe, a lot of identical and coaxial thin-walled tubes (nozzles) 17 of a given length, shape, wall thickness and diameter, usually with a round one (however, hexagonal options are also possible , square, triangular or rectangular) section, which are installed close to each other. Others - the free ends of these tubes 17, form the output of KTM 4, which opens in the immediate vicinity of the input surface of the FCLVP 3.

A special case of the execution of the KTM 4, when the GMC 1 is inside the efficiency 5, is shown in Fig.6. In this design, the internal - air volume of the GMP 1, just performs the function of the first part of the KTM 4, and the second part of the KTM 4 originates precisely in the GMP 1. It represents a lot of identical tubes (nozzles) 17 with the given sizes located in immediate proximity to one another, the longitudinal axes of which are parallel to each other, with the lower parts of the tubes forming the input of the KTM 4, and the upper parts of the output of the KTM 4, the length of which is determined by the length of the non-solid projection screen.

FKLVP 3 is designed to obtain a uniform air flow having at all points of its output surface equal and parallel speeds (uniform velocity field), the same density and temperature.

In general, FKLVP 3 is performed in the form of N (where N≥1) layers are sequentially assembled into a single design, where each layer contains a certain number of identical air channels for it, with the same geometric dimensions for each layer (length, area and sectional shape of the channel ) determined by the Reynolds laws.

The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity, which is determined by the relation [25]:

,

,

where ρ is the density of the medium, kg / m ³ ;

v is the characteristic velocity, m / s;

L is the characteristic size, m;

η is the dynamic viscosity of the medium, N · s / m ² ;

ν is the kinematic viscosity of the medium, m ² / s (ν = η / ρ);

Q is the volumetric flow rate;

A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe.

For each type of flow, there is a critical Reynolds number, Re _cr , which, as is commonly believed, determines the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. At Re <Re _{cr, the} flow occurs in a laminar regime; at Re> Re _cr , turbulence can occur.

Laminar flow is possible only up to a certain critical value of the Reynolds number, after which it becomes turbulent. The critical value of the Reynolds number depends on the specific type of flow.

The longitudinal axes of all air channels FKLVP 3 are parallel to each other, the inlet and outlet openings of all air channels are in parallel planes and perpendicular to their longitudinal axes; at the same time, the length and width of each layer of air channels is determined by the length and width of the output three-layer combined air flow, and the layer thickness equal to the length of the air channels of which it consists is determined by the specified characteristics of the air flow, while the plane in which the inlets are the air channels of the first layer adjacent to PD 6 forms the inlet surface of the FKLVP 3, and the plane in which there are the outlet openings of the air channels of the last, Nth layer adjacent to the plane n solid-state projection screen, forms the output surface of the PCFLP 3. In practice, the layers can be displaced relative to each other horizontally by an amount from 0 to 1 channel diameter (see [23]).

It should be noted that the methods of laminarization of air flows and the devices themselves for forming laminar air flows (detullers or laminarizers) have long been known in the art. So, they are widely used in chemical fume hoods and in wind tunnels (Wind Tunnel) to eliminate the turbulence of air flows in the working area of the pipe, [see references [18], [19], [20].

Moreover, as such a laminarizer, it is most often used precisely cellular (hexagonal) profiles (metal, ceramic or plastic that make no difference) in English - honeycomb ("honey structures" - honeycombs, see [21], [22]).

However, in practice, the shape of the cells of the laminarizer can have any other shape, for example, round, square, trapezoidal, rhombic, rectangular, triangular, etc.

In the particular case, when implementing the device, as FKLVP 3 can be used, for example, a standard honeycomb panel, placed holes coaxially with the direction of air flow. At the same time, the minimum overall dimensions of this honeycomb panel are determined by the dimensions of the three-layer air flow, that is, in our case, the size of PD 6, and the overall dimensions of each air channel FKLVP 3 are determined by the Reynolds ratio for air flows, which ultimately determines whether the flow laminar at the exit of FKLVP 3.

Thus, combining the FLKVP 3 parameters: the diameters of the openings of the air channels, their shape, the number of layers and their thickness and the distance between the layers, it is possible to achieve the desired result - a given height and the necessary degree of laminarity of the formed non-solid air screen.

Any known source can be used to form an image on a non-solid projection screen [see Figure 3, 4] of directional light radiation - the image source (AI) 13 corresponding to the light power (luminous intensity), however, depending on what type of image it is planned to project onto this screen, a particular type of emitter is selected - a light projector with fixed stencil (mask), slide projector for static photo images, a laser emitter with spatial (using a rotating mirror) light beam modulation or video projector for displaying video images.

To ensure operability, the device is equipped with an electronic part (not shown in the drawing), which contains:

1. The device control panel, with the main device controls located on it, such as:

- toggle switch on (off) power;

- GWP 2 speed control potentiometer;

- a regulator (potentiometer or switch) of the microparticle water supply intensity.

2. The speed controller of the fan used as a GWP 2 (not shown in the drawing) can be made on the basis of any of the known speed control circuits of the electric motor used in the fan. For example, if it is an asynchronous motor, then an autotransformer, a triac or microprocessor frequency control system can be used to control its speed. If a DC motor is used as a GWP 2, then this task can be successfully performed by an adjustable voltage regulator.

3. The system for maintaining the liquid level in the working volume of the GFM 1 can be performed by any of the known methods, using, for example, a float regulator, a vacuum regulator, or a flow regulator.

So, when using a vacuum regulator operating on the principle of an overturned vessel pre-filled with water, the water level in the GMS 1 will be maintained automatically, due to atmospheric pressure. However, with a change in atmospheric pressure, the regulated liquid level in the GMS 1 will also change within certain (insignificant) limits.

An electronic float controller, as a rule, contains a reed switch, which opens or stops the flow of water from an external reservoir (not shown). Depending on the position of the float with a magnet relative to this reed switch, an external electric water pump or electromagnetic water supply valve is controlled (turned on or off).

One of the options for regulating the liquid level in GMS 1 is a flow-through float level controller that works on the principle of direct locking of the incoming fluid, as in plumbing. It can also be used in a refueling tank device.

In the two previous versions, the refueling tank should be located above the working liquid level in the GMS 1.

In addition, the refueling tank can be equipped with an electric submersible pump, controlled by a signal from the control device. In this embodiment, the refueling tank may be located at any level relative to the liquid level in the GMC 1.

4. The power supply unit generates all the necessary supply voltages of a given current value to ensure the operation of all electronic components and units of the device: a fan speed controller, a microparticle generator (ultrasonic fog generators), a level controller, control panel indicators, etc.

5. The filling tank is a plastic or metal tank (tank, canister) for water with a closing (stopper, cap) opening for pouring liquid and the necessary fittings. It can be performed as built into the overall design of the device, or external. The tank can be equipped with an electromagnetic valve, or a water pump, triggered by a signal from the water supply control device.

Thus, using the indicated means, technological processes and materials when implementing the invention, it is possible to obtain a reliable and inexpensive device for forming a high-quality non-solid-state projection screen.

To the above, it should be added that the invention can be used to create environmental and safe means for humidifying indoor air or for therapeutic purposes, for example, in health centers where patients in the same room as the device can take medical procedures for inhaling medicinal substances, pre-added to the tank with fog emitters in the form of an aerosol. At the same time, at the same time, they can watch a specially prepared relaxing video on the “air screen”. This is especially valuable when treating children.

Undoubtedly, products made using this technical solution could be widely used in military sports areas, for example, for use in virtual shooting training systems and psychological training of personnel.

Information sources

1. Internet link:

http://www.e-reading.org.ua/djvureader.php/114280/263/Minnart_-Svet_i_cvet_v_prirode.html

2. Internet link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliodisplay

3. Internet link:

http://www.fogscreen.com/products/

4. US Published Patent: 5,270,752 of Dec 14, 1993, "Method and apparatus for a fog screen and image-forming method using the same." Fig 3],

5. Installation Specification by link on the Internet:

http://www.plasmacom.ch/site/pdfs/installation-planning-guidelines-2006.pdf

6. Internet Link:

http://www.china-direct_buy.com/v/4/product_detail/6031654/fogscreen.html

7. Internet link:

http://files.mail.ru/PNMEDH

8. US Published Patent Application: 60 / 392,856 1, July, 2002 US; Inventor: Dyner, Chad D. “Method and apparatus for self-contained mid-air image projection and manipulation”, Fig 5]

9. Internet link:

http://scat-technology.ru/tangential-fans

10. Internet link:

http://www.hankinspecialty.com/aircurtain.html

11. Internet link:

http: //www.shital.co.in/almonard-air-curtains.html

12. US Published Patent Application: Application number: 10 / 430,977; Publication number: US 2004/0001182 A1; Filing date: May 7, 2003; Inventor: Dyner, Chad D. "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FREE-SPACE IMAGING DISPLAY AND INTERFACE"

13. Internet link:

http://www.sesneberintemational.com/companies/io/Heliodisplays-2010.pdf

14. Internet link:

http://www.bavokexports.com/images/helio%202011.ipg

15. Internet link:

http://www.vdoh-nova.com.ua/products/107.htm

16. Internet link:

http://www.vitawater.ru/terra/rekfr/gen-mist.shtml

17. Internet link:

http://www.sferapro.ru/pages/kamery-staticheskogo-davlenija-ksd.html

18. Internet link:

http://www.fi.edu/flight/first/tunnelparts/tunnel_settling.html

19. Internet link:

http://f1-dictionary.110mb.com/wind_tunnel.html

20. Internet link:

http://navier.stanford.edu/bradshaw/tunnel/honevcomb.html

21. Internet link:

http://s170863779.websitehome.co.uk/5.html

22. Internet link:

http://www.saxonpc.com/120mm-airflow-honeycomb-without-hous120.html

23. Internet link:

http://sp.cs.tut.fi/publications/archive/Rakkolainen2008-Measurements.pdf

24. Internet link:

http://www.airtube.ru/ftpgetfile.php?id=21&module=files

25. Internet link:

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_Number

26. Internet link:

http://novmysl.finam.ru/ThermoStat/Pascal.html

Claims (2)

1. The method of forming a solid-state projection screen based on microparticles, which consists in obtaining a combined laminar air stream, consisting of a central laminar air stream enriched with microparticles, and two side laminar air streams supporting it, for which the air stream is formed using an air flow generator (GWP), blowing microparticles from a microparticle generator (GMP) into a channel for transporting microparticles (KTM), feeding with KTM, microparticle-rich air flow to the central part of the input surface of the shaper of the combined laminar air flow (FKLVP) and passing it through the air channels of the central part of the FKLVP, resulting in a central laminar air stream enriched in microparticles, characterized in that it was previously formed using HWP airflow is stabilized using an airflow stabilizer (SVP), the resulting stabilized airflow is injected into the chamber about pressure until the desired pressure is obtained and then pass through the holes of two symmetrical, relative to the KTM, parts of the perforated diaphragm (PD), as a result of which, at the output of the PD, two uniform air flows are identical to each other, symmetrical about the KTM, which then pass through the air channels of the corresponding lateral parts of the FCLF, symmetrical with respect to its central part, as a result of which, two identical to each other, symmetrical with respect to the central laminar, are obtained th air stream enriched with microparticles, and its supporting, lateral laminar air flow; in addition, the airflow stabilized by SVP is weakened to the required value with the help of an air flow attenuator and then used to blow microparticles from the GMP to the KTM, as well as for the subsequent supply of microparticle-rich air flow to the central part of the FCLF inlet surface and its further transmission through the air channels of the central part of FKLVP. 2. A device for forming a solid-state projection screen based on microparticles, containing an air flow generator (HWP), the input of which is the input of the device, a shaper of a combined laminar air flow (FKLVP), the output surface of which is the output of the device; a microparticle generator (GMP), the output of which is connected to the input of the channel for transporting microparticles (KTM), characterized in that it additionally includes: a pressure chamber (COP), an air flow attenuator (WUA) and an air flow stabilizer (SVP), when this, the efficiency is located in the immediate vicinity of the FKLVP and made in the form of a closed container, one side of which adjacent to the input surface of the FKLVP, is a perforated diaphragm (PD); in addition, the efficiency is made with the possibility of supplying to it an air stream from the main water heater, in the path of which, an SVP is installed; the internal volume of efficiency through the WUA is communicated with the input of the GMP; moreover, the KTM is laid from the outlet of the GMP along the entire length of the PD to the central part of the inlet surface of the FCLF; The PD is made in the form of a design symmetrical with respect to the middle of the KTM, the perforations in which provide uniform discharge of the air flow from the efficiency over the entire area of the PD, with an air pressure level sufficient to obtain a given speed of the air flow supplied to the sides of the inlet surface of the FCLF, with the given characteristics GWP; an airtight design is made around the perimeter of the PD, limiting the internal volume between the PD and the input surface of the FCLF from the external environment.

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