RU2513778C1 - Combined washer for nail - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: combined washer is used, comprising two parts: one part provides for the possibility to comparatively easy remove nails, the other (replaceable) part provides for the possibility to use nails of different thickness (different diameter). These parts represent solids of revolution, which have a central hole and interact to each other along conical surfaces when driving nails. The upper part of the combined washer is replaceable and is selected depending on the nail diameter. The lower part is shaped and provides for the possibility to "pick" it with a tool (nail drawer). In order for the set of two parts of the combined washer and the nail to stay together, rubber washers are used.

EFFECT: possibility to relatively easy remove nails so that washers could be used repeatedly and so that they are suitable for nails of different thickness.

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Description

The invention relates to construction, is intended for use in the assembly of temporary structures, such as scaffolds, formwork.

A nail with two hats is known (see page 171 in the book: Ettlinger S. Encyclopedia of Repair: modern materials, plumbing, tools. Translated from English by J. Suslov. M.: ACT: Astrel, 2007, 704 pp.) . This nail is shown in FIG. 1 (FIG. 1 is a copy from the above book). In this book, on page 171, the following information about this nail is indicated. Description: An ordinary nail with a flat ring about 6 mm below the head. Application: For the assembly of temporary structures, for example, scaffolds, formwork - it is driven in to the first hat, and after the end of the use of the structure, these nails are easily pulled out from the protruding part of the rod with the second hat and can be reused.

The matching features of this nail and the claimed invention are as follows. This nail is driven into the first abutment surface. It has a protruding part of the rod and a second supporting surface, acting on which (for example, with a nail gun), it is easily removed.

The disadvantages of this nail are as follows. For carrying out various works, nails of different lengths and thicknesses are required, therefore it is required to purchase sets of nails of different lengths and different thicknesses with two hats. These two-head nails can be reused. Some of them, nevertheless, bend and break; as a result, an expensive nail becomes unusable and must be replaced.

Known cone-shaped washer (see. Fig. On page 180 in the book.: Ettlinger S. Encyclopedia of repair: modern materials, plumbing, tools. Per. From English. Suslova. M.: ACT: Astrel, 2007, 704 p. .), this washer is accepted as a prototype. This washer is shown in FIG. 2 (FIG. 2 is a copy from the above book). In this book, on page 180, the following information about these washers is provided. Description: Small metal rings, which are of three types: flat, conical and countersunk. The last two types can be called finishing. The size is selected by a screw. Application: Washers provide a solid surface for tightening the screw, thereby preventing damage to the material itself and allowing it to be tightened more tightly.

The matching features of this washer and the claimed invention are as follows. This washer is a body of revolution, has a central through hole. This washer has a flat bearing surface. This washer has an external lateral surface in the form of a conical surface.

The disadvantages of this washer are as follows. If you directly use it for nails when assembling temporary structures, then when removing nails when disassembling the structure, it will be difficult to pick up the nail head to pull out the nail.

The objective of the invention is to choose such a shape of the washer so that it is relatively easy to remove the nails, so that these washers can be reused and that they fit nails of different thicknesses.

The objective of the invention is solved in that a combined washer is used, consisting of two parts: one part provides the ability to relatively easily remove the nails, the other (replaceable) part allows the use of nails of different thicknesses (different diameters). These parts are bodies of revolution. They, when driving a nail, interact with each other on conical surfaces. In them in the central part along the axis of symmetry passes a through hole of a cylindrical shape into which the nail shaft is inserted. The part designed to enable the nails to be removed relatively easily is designed so that there is a space between the upper and lower parts that allows the nail to be picked up with a tool (nail puller) when removing the nail.

Figure 1 shows a known nail with two hats. Figure 1 is a copy of the figure from page 171 in the book: Ettlinger S. Repair Encyclopedia: modern materials, plumbing, tools. Per. from English Yu.Suslova. M .: ACT: Astrel, 2007, 704 p.

Figure 2 shows a known washer with a conical lateral surface. Figure 2 is a copy of the figure from page 180 of the book: Ettlinger S. Encyclopedia of repair: modern materials, plumbing, tools. Per. from English Yu.Suslova. M .: ACT: Astrel, 2007, 704 p.

Figure 3 shows the proposed combined washer assembly with a nail. In Fig.3, the dimensions of the parts and the gaps between them are shown conditionally. (More precisely, the details are shown on an enlarged scale so that their device can be clearly seen.)

The nail has a rod 1 and a cap 2. The combined washer consists of parts 3 and 4. Part 3 and part 4 are axisymmetric bodies (bodies of revolution), Fig. 3 shows sections of parts 3 and 4 by a plane passing through the axis of symmetry of these parts. Detail 3 at the bottom has a flat abutment surface (with this surface, part 3 abuts against the surface of the mating part when driving a nail). In the central part of part 3 from top to bottom (along the axis of symmetry) there is a through hole of a cylindrical shape into which the nail shaft is inserted. Part 3 is made so that between the upper and lower parts there is a space 7 that allows you to pick up part 3 with a tool (nail puller) when removing the nail. 8- rubber washer; it with friction (a slight interference fit) is strung on the nail rod 1 and serves to ensure that the assembled set of parts: the nail and parts 3 and 4 “do not fall apart”. For the convenience of accommodating part 8 and so that part 8 does not receive excessive deformations when driving a nail, a recess is made in part 3 (bottom) (see FIG. 3). Part 8 is “sunk” into this recess when hammering a nail, when part 3 abuts against the surface of the mating part with its lower supporting surface.

The generators of the conical surfaces (see positions 5 and 6 in FIG. 3) form an angle of approximately 45 ° with the axis of symmetry. This angle should not be too small (“too sharp”), because when driving a nail, a “wedging” effect will appear - there will be large shear stresses in the contact zone between parts 3 and 4 (in this case, after pulling out the nail, it will be difficult to disconnect part 4 from part 3).

If this angle is close to 90 °, when driving a nail, large friction forces may arise between part of the conical surface 5 and part of the conical surface 6 (there will be no snug fit to each other over the entire contact surface between parts 3 and 4). Then (for example, due to the influence of vibrations), parts 3 and 4 can be mutually displaced, as a result, a gap can form between the counter surfaces of parts 3 and 4. And the connection of parts with the help of this nail will “weaken”. Given the above, the generators of the conical surfaces (see position 5 and 6 in FIG. 3) should form an angle from the range of about 30 ... 60 ° (average 45 °) with the axis of symmetry. The angles of inclination of the generatrices of the conical surfaces 5 and 6 (respectively, parts 3 and 4) may be different; but for more reliable operation of the combination washer, these angles should be made approximately the same.

A set of parts is used 4. The washers of this set have, for example, the same contact surface 6, but different hole diameters (for nails of different thicknesses).

The technical result of the invention is as follows. This invention allows, using conventional nails, to create compounds of structural elements and at the same time provide the ability to quickly parse temporary structures. At the same time, these washers can be reused, including when the nails themselves became unusable (bent, broken, etc.). At the same time, it is possible to use nails of different diameters.

Before carrying out installation work, you can collect the required number of sets of nails of the right size and the corresponding washers (see positions 3 and 4 in figure 3). A washer 4 and a washer should be strung on the nail shaft. For convenience, to prevent this set of parts from “falling apart”, you can use a rubber washer 8 (see figure 3) —the same washer will help to save the set of parts when disassembling the structure. Part 8 will prevent the possible loss of parts 3 and 4 after pulling out the nail.

For different sets of identical parts 4, their own sets of parts 8 can be attached (these different parts 8 mainly differ in the diameter of the holes in them).

Claims (1)

Combined washer for a nail, which is a body of revolution, having a central hole, a flat supporting surface, a side surface in the form of a cone, characterized in that the combined washer consists of two separate parts that interact with each other when driving a nail on conical surfaces, the upper part is interchangeable part of the combined washer, it is selected depending on the diameter of the nail shaft, another, i.e. the lower part, made curly, has a lower abutment surface that abuts against the surface of the reciprocal part when driving a nail, and also the upper part, in which the upper part abuts the conical part of the hole, the lower part is made curly: there is space between the upper and lower part of this part, allowing you to pick up the tool (nail) this part when removing the nail.

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