RU2510011C1 - Method to define amount of liquid moved by surfactant in gas phase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: to establish amount of liquid moved by a surfactant in a gas phase, speed of its movement, for production of new characteristics in assessment of properties of various substances, including powdery nanoparticles and nanomaterials, for liquid movement they use surfactants, which may change into a gas phase under room temperatures, at the same time the surfactant is used to act at the layer of the liquid available on the surface of the investigated material from gas phase. For this purpose the investigated material in the form of a plate or in the form of a powder is placed into the centre of limiting circumference applied onto easily replaceable surface or into a cuvette with available internal area, and the investigated material is coated with the liquid layer of available thickness. Then the capillary is filled by soaking into a surfactant, for instance, isopropyl alcohol, maintained for 5-10 min in gas medium, where the experiment is carried out. For evaporation of the surfactant from the outer surface of the capillary they switch on a video or a movie camera, and the filled capillary is installed at height of 1-6 mm above the centre of the surface of the investigated material. The changes taking place are recorded until the process of liquid movement is over. The taken video material is placed into a computer, and using standard software, they determine time required for liquid layer breakthrough in time between taken frames, speed of liquid layer movement along the completed distance by the edge of the moved layer of the liquid and time spent for movement, which is determined by difference between frames taken and the speed of filming, and also the volume of moved liquid in time by change of radius of the moved layer and the initial thickness of the liquid layer.

EFFECT: establishment of liquid amount moved by a surfactant in gas phase, and speed of its movement, in production of new characteristics for assessment of properties of various substances, including powdery nanoparticles and nanomaterials.

13 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of assessing the surface properties of materials and can be used to develop energy nanotechnology in various industries: chemical, leather and fur, light, food, medical, construction industries, etc., as well as in different fields of knowledge.

Known methods for determining the surface activity of substances, among which two methods are most used, this is by the wetting angle and surface tension. The main characteristics of surface activity are subsequently used to calculate adsorption, adsorption work, surface activity, etc. These parameters judge the ability of substances to emulsify, suspend or form foams, and the ability of substances to lower surface tension is used to judge their surface activity. By the value of the contact angle, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the surface on which it is determined is judged and used to assess the wetting ability of liquids and solutions of various substances (see Surface phenomena and surfactants: Reference / A.A. Abramzon, L. E. Bobrova, L.P. Zaichenko and others, under the editorship of A.A. Abramzon and E.D. Shchukin .-- L .: Chemistry, 1984, p. 392, ill. On p. 165).

A known method of determining surface tension by the method of tearing off the ring, which consists in "... determining the force necessary to tear off the liquid that moistened the ring from the surface of the liquid. When the ring is opened, the neck of the liquid is pulled out and after the ring is separated, droplets of the lower phase should remain on it all around the perimeter ”(see. Surface phenomena and surfactants: Reference book / A.A. Abramzon, L.E. Bobrova, L.P. Zaichenko et al., Edited by A.A. Abramzon and E.D. Shchukin. - L .: Chemistry, 1984, p. 392, ill. On p. 167).

A known method for determining the wetting angle, which is carried out "directly on the droplet profile using a microscope equipped with a goniometer, or a drop is photographed" (see. Surface phenomena and surfactants: Reference / A.A. Abramzon, L.E. Bobrova L.P. Zaichenko et al., Edited by A.A. Abramzon and E.D. Shchukin. - L .: Chemistry, 1984, p. 392, ill. On p. 174).

However, both the wetting angle and surface tension under certain conditions do not give a sufficiently complete characterization of the solutions by surface activity because of the impossibility of determining them or the small variability of the determined indicator from various conditions, for example, the concentration of substances, temperature, the use of substances that are inactive or change surface activity, and .d. And increasing the accuracy of determination, for example, surface tension, requires increased purity of the studied material (see Surface phenomena and surfactants: Reference / A.A. Abramzon, L.E. Bobrova, L.P. Zaichenko, etc., ed. A.A. Abramzon and E. D. Shchukin. - L .: Chemistry, 1984, p. 392, ill. On p. 164).

In addition, to determine the work of adsorption, wetting, or spreading, it is necessary to know other parameters, the determination of which is associated with significant difficulties or cannot be determined due to the lack of reliable methods of determination.

The introduction of surface-active substances (surfactants) into a liquid changes the surface tension by no more than an order of magnitude, and the contact angle from 0 to 180 °, therefore, it is practically impossible to separate or identify a surfactant.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a method for determining the amount of transported liquid surfactant, which is performed as follows: on a table with an adjustable level of horizontal surface lay a plate of material whose surface properties must be investigated. To hold a liquid layer, for example, 0.1-1 mm thick, on the surface under study, a circle of a hydrophobic substance is applied to the material, if the liquid is polar, or a hydrophilic substance, if the liquid or solutions of various substances whose influence is to be studied are not polar. Then, a video camera or movie camera is installed so that the boundary line and the center of the bounding figure are clearly visible in the viewfinder and, if possible, occupy the entire frame area (adjusting image sharpness). After adjusting the sharpness of the image, a ruler with a division price of 1 mm is installed and fixed with a camera for subsequent scaling of measurements. The line is set perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens, fixing the camera process exactly along the diameter of the circle. Then the line is removed. The test liquid is introduced into the circle bounded by a hydrophilic or hydrophobic substance in an amount necessary to create a liquid layer selected by the thickness researcher. A pipette tip calibrated by the mass of the droplet and the diameter of the capillary is set exactly above the center of the bounding figure, such as a circle, so that the drop from it drops as accurately as possible to the center of the figure. The edge of the pipette tip is set at a height of 4 to 30 mm. A scattered-light illuminator with dark lines deposited on its luminous surface in the form of a grid or with a luminous surface mounted on it, a grid of opaque material or a grid deposited on a transparent material, is set so that the image of the grid reflected in the fixing chamber reflected from the surface of the investigated liquid is clearly visible (see patent RU No. 2362979, IPC G01H 9/00, published on July 27, 2009, bull. No. 21).

The camera is turned on to capture the image, at the same time to determine the droplet volume at the moment of separation from the capillary, the pipettes include a camera that fixes the droplet on an enlarged scale, and a drop of a surfactant solution or the test liquid is introduced into the center of the circle. The frames that recorded the process of moving the fluid are sequentially studied, determining the distance from the center of incidence of the droplet to the base of the "displacement wave" and, in accordance with the scale, converted to units of length. The diameter of the droplet is determined at the time of separation from the capillary of the pipette. If it is necessary to determine or compare the properties of surfactants, you can use the "standard" surface, which can be used as a hydrophobic heat-resistant film or writing paper, or paper with a modified surface, such as gelatin. When working with paper, a circle is applied to it with the necessary inner diameter from a hydrophobic paint, for example a tar solution. The line width of the bounding figure is 5-6 mm. The paper with the restrictive figure applied to it is soaked in a solvent, for example in water for 10 minutes, and placed on a table or a plane-parallel plate (thick glass) laid on it. In this case, the paper is straightened and air is removed from under it by extrusion using a glass tube with rounded ends, for example, a pipette with a diameter of 10-15 mm, or other device, for example, a roller for rolling photos for glossing. On the paper area limited by the drawn lines (circle, square), the test liquid is applied in the amount necessary to create a layer with a thickness determined by the conditions of the experiment. A pipette tip is installed in the center, locking chambers are turned on, and a drop of the test surfactant solution is introduced into the center of the restrictive figure (see patent RU No. 2362141, IPC G01N 13/00, published on July 20, 2009, bull. No. 20).

However, the known method and apparatus are applicable for characterizing materials having extended areas and sizes. For materials of small areas, their application is difficult, since it is necessary to put a bounding circle or a rim on the surface of the material, as well as find a tool for producing a drop of small size and determine its volume.

The technical task of the invention is to develop a method that allows you to measure the surface properties of materials having small sizes or in different aggregate states for various substances, including porous, bulk, for example, powdery, small area.

The technical result of the invention is to establish the amount of fluid transported by the surfactant in the gas phase, and the speed of its movement, in obtaining new characteristics for evaluating the properties of various substances, including powdered nanoparticles and nanomaterials.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase, which involves the use of a restrictive circle to create a fluid layer of a given thickness, the introduction of a drop of a surfactant solution on the surface of a fluid layer of known thickness, fixing the largest radius moved fluid video or movie camera, determining the amount of fluid transported by the density of the fluid and the volume of the fluid layer, moving surfactant, which is determined by the largest radius of the displaced liquid layer and the initially known thickness of the liquid layer, according to the invention, surfactants are used to move the liquid, capable of entering the gas phase at room temperature, while the surfactant acts on the layer the liquid located on the surface of the studied material from the gas phase, for which the studied material in the form of a plate or in the form of a powder is placed in the center limit a circular circle deposited on an easily replaceable surface or in a cuvette with a known internal area, and cover the studied material with a layer of liquid of known thickness, then fill the capillary by dipping it in a surfactant, for example, isopropyl alcohol, maintain it for 5-10 minutes in a gaseous medium in which the experiment is carried out, for evaporation from the outer surface of the capillary of a surfactant, include a video or film camera and set the filled capillary at a height of 1-6 mm above the center of the surface of the study material, the recording of the changes that take place continues until the process of moving the liquid ends, the captured video is viewed on a computer and the time required to break through the liquid layer in time between the captured frames is determined, the speed of the liquid layer moving along the distance traveled by the edge of the moving liquid layer and the time spent on moving, which is determined by the difference between the captured frames and the speed of shooting, as well as the volume of fluid moved in time.

Distinctive features of the proposed method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase are:

- the use of surface-active substances to move the liquid, capable of moving into the gas phase at room temperature, will allow the liquid to move without making a drop of a solution of a surfactant;

- exposure to a surface-active substance on a layer of liquid located on the surface from the gas phase will allow the use of bulk and powder materials as objects of research, which is impossible when a drop of a surfactant solution is introduced;

- placing the material under study in the center of the bounding circle in the form of a plate or in the form of a powder in a cuvette with a known internal area on an easily replaceable surface will expand the assortment of materials under study;

- determination of the speed of movement of the liquid layer by the distance traveled by the edge of the moved liquid layer and the time taken to move, and determined by the difference between the captured frames and the shooting speed, will characterize the studied materials with a new indicator that has not been previously used for these purposes;

- determination of the volume of fluid to be transported over time will make it possible to introduce a new characteristic for the materials studied.

Thus, a new set of distinctive features set forth in the claims of the “Method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase”, ensures the achievement of a technical result consisting in establishing the amount of fluid transported, its speed of movement and obtaining new characteristics for evaluating properties various substances, including powdered nanoparticles and nanomaterials.

The search for patent documentation and scientific and technical literature did not reveal analogues that include a combination of features similar or equivalent to the claimed distinctive features set forth in the claims.

The proposed method for determining the amount of liquid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase is illustrated by the figures, which depict the captured frames:

figure 1 shows the beginning of the movement of the liquid surfactant isobutyl alcohol and the formation of "black liquid films" when measuring the properties of an aluminum plate;

figure 2 shows the continuation of the movement of the liquid with a surfactant - isobutyl alcohol when measuring the properties of an aluminum plate;

figure 3 shows the movement of fluid along the surface of silicon with a layer thickness of 0.4 mm, the height of the capillary above the surface of the plate 3.5 mm The diameter of the plate is 30 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 13.6 sec. Movement speed 5.27 mm / s;

figure 4 shows the movement of fluid along the surface of the "lithium" with a layer thickness of 0.4 mm, the height of the capillary above the surface of the plate 3.5 mm The plate is irregular in shape (a quarter circle with a diameter of about 50 mm). Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 4.53 sec. Travel speed 6.39 mm / s;

figure 5 shows the movement of fluid along the surface of duralumin with a water layer thickness of 0.5 mm, a capillary height above the plate surface of 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 5.86 sec. Movement speed 6.52 mm / s;

figure 6 shows the movement of fluid on the surface of the paper with a water layer thickness of 0.3 mm, the height of the capillary above the surface of the plate 4 mm Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 5.2 sec. Movement speed 3,53 mm / sec;

Fig.7 shows the movement of liquid along the surface of duralumin with a water layer thickness of 0.4 mm, the height of the capillary above the surface of the plate 1 mm Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 24.0 sec. Travel speed 15.24 mm / s;

on Fig depicts the movement of fluid along the surface of duralumin with a water layer thickness of 0.5 mm, a capillary height above the plate surface of 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 50.6 sec. Travel speed 15.76 mm / s;

figure 9 shows the movement of butyl alcohol liquid on the surface of duralumin with a water layer thickness of 0.3 mm, a capillary height above the plate surface of 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 0.13 sec. Travel speed 13.16 mm / s;

figure 10 shows the movement of liquid along the surface of duralumin with propyl alcohol at a water layer thickness of 0.4 mm, the height of the capillary above the plate surface is 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 0.13 sec. Travel speed 16.50 mm / s;

11 shows the movement of liquid along the surface of duralumin with isopropyl alcohol with a water layer thickness of 0.6 mm, a capillary height above the plate surface of 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 0.27 sec. Movement speed 6.88 mm / s;

12 shows the movement of liquid along the surface of powdered cement with isopropyl alcohol at a water layer thickness of 0.2 mm, the capillary height above the cement surface is 1 mm. The thickness of the cement layer is 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 3.73 sec. Travel speed 1.99 mm / s;

in Fig.13 shows the movement of liquid along the surface of the sand with isobutyl alcohol with a water layer thickness of 0.2 mm, the capillary height above the sand surface D mm. The thickness of the sand layer is 0.95 mm. Movement speed 24.8 mm / sec.

The proposed method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase is as follows.

A bounding circle is printed on a paper sheet of standard 80 g / cm ² on an HP printer. The paper sheet is soaked in a liquid, for example in distilled water, and placed on a plane-parallel plate. Or use a cuvette with a side height that does not cover the area of the frame on which the fluid will move. Surfactants capable of transferring to the gas phase at room temperatures are used to move the fluid, while surfactants act on the layer of fluid located on the surface of the studied material from the gas phase. In the center of the bounding circle, the studied material is placed in the form of a plate or in the form of a powder on a paper sheet or cuvette, for which a cuvette with a known internal area is used. In the case of determining the properties of bulk materials, for example nanopowders, a layer of the studied material is formed in the center using a template with known geometric parameters to calculate its volume, and the studied fluid is introduced into the restrictive circle or cuvette in an amount that ensures the thickness of the liquid layer specified by the researcher over the studied material, and cover the studied material with a liquid layer of known thickness. The edge of the capillary, for example, glass or metal, is set at a height of 1-6 mm above the center from the surface of the material being studied. Then fill the capillary by dipping into the studied surfactant. The capillary is kept for 5-10 minutes in the gaseous medium in which the experiment is conducted to evaporate the surfactant from the outer surface of the capillary. A video camera or movie camera is switched on to record the occurring surface changes and the capillary containing a surfactant is brought to the center of the material under study. The recording of the changes that take place with the camcorder or movie camera continues until the process of moving the fluid is complete. The captured video is placed in a computer, where using standard computer programs the time required to break through the liquid layer in time between the captured frames, the speed of the liquid layer moving along the distance traveled by the edge of the moving liquid layer and the time spent on moving, determined by the difference between the captured frames and shooting speed, the volume of the displaced fluid over time according to the change in the radius of the displaced layer and the initial thickness of the liquid layer. To implement the invention and examples confirming the implementation of the method, a device was used (see patent RU No. 2362141, IPC G01N 13/00, publ. July 20, 2009, bull. No. 20).

Examples confirming the specific implementation of the method for determining the amount of liquid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase.

Example 1

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of a single crystal of silicon. A sample of a single crystal of silicon is placed on water-coated paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.5 mm thick is formed over the surface of the silicon single crystal plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height of 3.5 mm. The diameter of the plate is 30 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. The breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer is 13.6 seconds. The fluid velocity is 5.27 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see figure 3).

Example 2

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of a single crystal LiNbO ₃ - "lithium". A sample of a lithium single crystal is placed on water-coated paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.4 mm thick is formed above the surface of the single crystal plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is 3.5 mm above the surface of the plate. A plate of irregular shape with a quarter circle with a diameter of about 50 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. The breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer is 4.53 seconds. The fluid velocity is 6.39 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see figure 4).

Example 3

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. Such a quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.5 mm thick is formed over the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is 1 mm above the surface of the plate. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. The breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer is 5.86 seconds. The fluid velocity is 6.52 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see figure 5).

Example 4

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of a single crystal LiNbO ₃ - "lithium". A sample of a lithium single crystal is placed on water-coated paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. Such a quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.3 mm thick is formed over the surface of the paper. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height of 4 mm from the surface of the plate. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer 5.2 sec. The fluid velocity is 3.53 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see Fig.6).

Example 5

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.4 mm thick is formed over the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height specified by the researcher from the surface of the plate, for example, 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer 24.0 sec. The fluid velocity is 15.24 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see Fig. 7).

Example 6

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. Such a quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette of the device so that a liquid layer 0.5 mm thick is formed over the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height specified by the researcher from the surface of the plate, for example, 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. The breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer is 50.6 seconds. The fluid velocity is 15.76 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see Fig. 8).

Example 7

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. Such a quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.3 mm thick is formed over the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height specified by the researcher from the surface of the plate, for example, 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer 0.13 sec. The fluid velocity is 12.26 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with butyl alcohol (see Fig. 9).

Example 8

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.4 mm thick is formed over the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height specified by the researcher from the surface of the plate, for example, 1 mm. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer 0.13 sec. The fluid velocity is 16.50 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with propyl alcohol (see Fig. 10).

Example 9

Measure the thickness of the sample in the form of a plate of duralumin. A sample of duralumin is placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface. Such a quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a 0.6 mm thick liquid layer forms above the surface of the duralumin plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is 1 mm above the surface of the plate. Plate thickness 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer 0.27 sec. The fluid velocity is 6.88 mm / s.

The capillary is filled with isopropyl alcohol (see Fig. 11).

Example 10

A sample of a powdered substance - cement is mixed with a liquid, such as water. Then placed on the flooded paper with a bounding circle deposited on its surface, an annular, plane-parallel plate (template) of known thickness, for example 0.95 mm The studied powdery material mixed with water is placed in the inner cavity of the ring (template), the surface of the material is smoothed with a spatula, pressing it to the surface of the ring-shaped plate. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer, for example, 0.2 mm thick, forms above the surface of the annular plate and the layer of powdery material in the inner cavity of the plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is 1 mm above the surface of the plate. The thickness of the cement layer is 0.95 mm. Breakthrough time 3.73 sec. Movement speed 1.99 mm / sec.

Example 11

A sample of a powdery substance - sand is mixed with a liquid, for example water, placed on flooded paper with a bounding circle applied to its surface, an annular, plane-parallel plate of known thickness, for example 0.95 mm. The studied powdery material mixed with water is placed in the inner cavity of the ring (template), the surface of the material is smoothed with a spatula, pressing it to the surface of the ring-shaped plate. A quantity of liquid is introduced into the restrictive circle from the automatic burette so that a liquid layer 0.2 mm thick is formed over the surface of the annular plate and the layer of powdery material in the inner cavity of the plate. A capillary is fixed in a rotary tripod so that the free edge of the capillary is at a height of 0 (zero) mm from the surface of the plate and sand. The thickness of the sand layer is 0.95 mm. Movement speed 24.8 mm / sec.

The capillary is filled with isobutyl alcohol (see Fig. 13).

The measurement results for examples 1-11 are shown in table 1.

Table 1. Measurement results Experience number Surface material The thickness of the liquid layer, mm Capillary height above the plate, mm Breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the layer, sec The fluid velocity, mm / s Example 1 Silicon 0.5 3,5 13.6 5.27 Example 2 Lithium 0.5 3,5 4,53 6.39 Example 3 Duralumin 0.5 1,0 5.86 6.52 Example 4 Paper 0.3 4.0 5.20 3.53 Example 5 Duralumin 0.4 1,0 24.0 15.24 Example 6 Duralumin 0.5 1,0 50.6 15.76 Example 7 Duralumin 0.3 1,0 0.13 12.26 Example 8 Duralumin 0.4 1,0 0.13 16.50 Example 9 Duralumin 0.6 1,0 0.27 6.88 Example 10 Cement 0.2 1,0 3.73 1.99 Example 11 Sand 0.2 0 - 24.8

From the above examples 1-11, it can be seen that using the proposed method for determining the amount of liquid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase, the parameters for various surfactants and surfaces were determined: breakthrough time of the entire thickness of the liquid layer, velocity of the fluid, the amount of fluid fluid over time.

The invention “Method for determining the amount of liquid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase” compared to the prototype (patent RU No. 2362979, IPC G01H 9/00, published on July 27, 2009, bull. No. 21) has the following advantages:

- determination of the amount of fluid transported by the surface-active substance in time and its velocity for surfaces of small sizes;

- the ability to measure the surface properties of materials having small sizes or in different aggregate states for various substances, including porous or bulk, for example, powdered small area, while the result of the determination is noticeable visually;

- obtaining new characteristics for evaluating the properties of various substances, including powdered nanoparticles and nanomaterials;

- low complexity of the claimed method to obtain a result;

- the claimed method allows you to simultaneously determine the properties of the surface, surface-active substances and liquids.

The present invention can be used in those industries where it is necessary to evaluate the properties of surface-active substances, for example, chemical in the manufacture of detergents, leather and fur, light industry in the manufacture of fabrics and products from them, food, medicine, veterinary medicine, in the manufacture of varnishes and paints, construction industry, educational institutions, etc.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the amount of fluid transported by a surfactant in the gas phase, comprising using a restrictive circle to create a fluid layer of a given thickness, introducing a drop of a surfactant solution on the surface of a fluid layer of known thickness, fixing the largest radius of the transported fluid with a video or movie camera, determining the amount of fluid transported by the density of the fluid and the volume of the fluid layer moved by the surfactant, which determined by the largest radius of the layer of displaced liquid and the initially known thickness of the liquid layer, characterized in that surfactants capable of moving into the gas phase at room temperatures are used to move the liquid, while the surface-active substance acts on the liquid layer located on the surface of the studied material from the gas phase, for which the studied material in the form of a plate or in the form of a powder is placed in the center of the bounding circle applied to easily replaceable surface or in a cuvette with a known internal area, and cover the studied material with a layer of liquid of known thickness, then fill the capillary by dipping in a surface-active substance, for example, isopropyl alcohol, maintain it for 5-10 minutes in the gaseous medium in which the experiment is carried out , for evaporation from the outer surface of the capillary of a surfactant, include a video or movie camera and set the filled capillary at a height of 1-6 mm above the center of the surface of the studied material, fixing what is happening and The changes continue until the process of moving the liquid is completed, the video footage is put into the computer and the time required to break through the liquid layer in time between the captured frames is determined, the speed of the liquid layer moving along the distance traveled by the edge of the moving liquid layer and the time spent moving , which is determined by the difference between the captured frames and the shooting speed, as well as the volume of the transported liquid in time by the change in the radius of the transported layer and the initial thickness of the liquid dots.

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