RU2508528C1 - Method of evaluating state of controlled object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves, before the effect of external physical factors, mounting threshold-type primary transducers in a housing in which the object is placed, said transducers being grouped according to each possible active physical factor; encoding the controlled object for subsequent identification thereof; setting up information communication channels with the primary transducers and a witness channel for controlling integrity of the information channels; after exposing the controlled object to external factors, determining integrity of the information channels; identifying the controlled object and from each primary transducer, picking up the recorded information and determining the hazard level and type of physical factor causing high hazard for the controlled object from the triggering/non-triggering of the corresponding primary transducer.

EFFECT: rapid and reliable determination of the hazard level of hazardous objects subjected to accidental exposures, needed for optimum scheduling and conducting rescue operations when rectifying consequences of accidents.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for assessing the state of a controlled object, namely, the design of diagnostic systems for hazardous objects exposed to emergency impacts during operation.

Despite significant efforts to increase the safety of transportation of hazardous objects (TO), the likelihood of accidents and, above all, transport accidents - railway and automobile - remains quite high.

Ensuring guaranteed TOE security in traffic accidents is a very expensive task and not always solvable. Currently, a large amount of work is being carried out in the field of creating accident-resistant containers, but their mass use during transportation for reasons of primarily economic nature is limited.

At the same time, the transportation of the TOE in protective containers does not completely exclude the possibility of an extreme increase in the danger of the TOE after unregulated impacts (NW), which primarily include thermal (fire) and mechanical (shock, fall, collision) impacts.

In this connection, in order to minimize the risk when handling 00 subjected to HB, the task of timely and high-quality diagnosis of its (OO) state with the help of special control systems becomes very urgent.

Such systems, for example, mobile X-ray systems, portable integrated video systems, etc., as far as we know, have been developed or are being developed both in the USA and in Russia.

However, despite the requirements for high mobility of special forces equipped with the above facilities, their arrival at the scene usually takes a fairly long period of time, which can be an aggravating factor in increasing the danger of TOE.

At the same time, as the analysis of incidents shows, there is a fairly wide range of situations of unregulated impacts in which the TOE, transported even not in an accident-resistant container, does not undergo critical changes.

This means that it is possible to further transport the TOE, which has undergone unregulated impacts, from the scene of the incident by regular means without involving emergency formations.

Naturally, this is possible in the case of obtaining timely and reliable information about the actual state of the TOE after unregulated impacts.

The solution to this problem can be provided by the built-in express-diagnosis system (SED) of the state of the PA.

The technical problem to be solved is the development of a method for assessing the state of a controlled object.

The technical result achieved is the prompt and reliable determination of the degree of danger of the TOE subjected to accidental impacts, necessary for the optimal planning and conduct of rescue measures to eliminate the consequences of accidents.

To achieve a technical result, a method for assessing the state of a controlled object, characterized in that prior to exposure to external physical factors in a building with an object located in it, threshold-type primary transducers grouped for each of the possible physical factors that rank according to the degree of danger of the controlled object are installed, wherein the installation locations of the primary converters and their response threshold is determined in advance, taking into account the transformation of physical impact from the installation site of the primary converter to the characteristic zone of the monitored object, after which the coding of the monitored object is carried out for its subsequent identification, information channels of communication with the primary converters and a witness channel for monitoring the integrity of the information channels are organized, after the influence of physical factors on the monitored object, the integrity is determined information channels, after which the controlled object is identified and from each of the primary converter, the registered information is taken out, upon the actuation / failure of the corresponding primary converter, the hazard level and the type of physical factor determining the increased danger of the controlled object are determined.

Considering that the process of changing the degree of hazard of the TOE under the conditions of unregulated impacts, as a rule, has a stepwise rather than a continuous character, it is proposed to build a sensor system according to the threshold principle, i.e. the value (level) of the physical impact factor is recorded corresponding to the transition of the TOE from one state (safe) to another (dangerous), which allows you to obtain information about the degree of danger of the TOE and make the appropriate officials directly at the scene of the incident the necessary decisions on the treatment of the TOE after the HB.

In this case, it is supposed to register thresholds corresponding to:

first, unregulated impacts exceeded the level of maintaining the health of the TOE, but did not reach a dangerous level;

second etc. - unregulated impacts exceeded the criteria for the TOE, corresponding to the transition of the TOE to the first hazard state, etc.

Obviously, in the conditions of HB, a number of situations are possible:

- first, second - when the level of impacts did not exceed, respectively, the first or second threshold. In this case, the PA is non-hazardous and staffing is essentially allowed with it;

- the third situation and further, when the second threshold and the following are exceeded. The PA is dangerous and further treatment is done according to the relevant rules.

This kind of objective information, in addition to the obtained visual inspection, in the method of assessing the state of a controlled object can be provided by a sensor-based express assessment system (SEA) of the state of the TOE built into the “protective container - OO”. The main feature of this system is its formation in a short period of time and directly at the scene of the incident the final result characterizing the fact of a possible transition of the TOE from one state (safe) to another (dangerous). To do this, the sensor system, initially, when installed in a protective container - TOE, should be configured to record the corresponding levels of physical factors of HB, the achievement of which characterizes the change in the hazard state of the TOE. In this case, the primary converters of the sensor system (to exclude the built-in information storage unit) are supposed to give a memory property, i.e. storing registered information. A necessary and determining condition for obtaining reliable information using a threshold-type sensor system is the methodological apparatus for determining the installation locations of primary converters, assigning threshold levels for their operation depending on the areas of their placement in the system “vehicle (TS) - protective container (LC) - OO” (TS-ZK-OO), as well as the availability of quantitative and qualitative criteria for the transition of OO to a dangerous state for each of the physical factors of HB.

The variety of structural and layout schemes of the TO, container, hazard criteria, emergency models, that is, everything that determines the parameters of the primary transducers, and actually the appearance of the SEA as a whole, predetermined the need for widespread use of computer simulation of the reaction of the system: “OO container” for unregulated thermomechanical influences. Modern two- and three-dimensional numerical methods of mathematical modeling, the basis of which are two-three-dimensional methods for calculating the dynamic problems of unsteady interaction and elastic-plastic deformation of structures in the variables of Lagrange, Euler; A set of programs for describing the process of macroconvective, radiation, and molecular heat transfer in multidimensional areas, taking into account the effects of scattering, phase transitions, mobility of the external boundary, and changing geometry of objects, allows us to simulate various conditions of external influences and determine how the system elements react in any detail: container "for the appropriate impact. This, in turn, allows us to trace the transformation of the physical parameter that determines the change in the state of the TOE (temperature, overload, etc.) from almost any zone of the container, the TOE to the characteristic element of the TOE, that is, to determine the type of transfer function from the place of the possible installation of the primary converter SEA to the TOE element, for which the corresponding criteria requirements are defined that determine the transition of the TOE to a controlled hazard state.

Thus, transferring the main burden of designing SEA to computer simulation methods, essentially “filling with intellect” fairly simple primary transducers, it is possible to solve the problem of creating a closed (from the point of view of obtaining on-the-spot operational information about the degree of danger of the TO after the HB) of the express assessment of the state of the TOE. In emergency situations, which include thermal influences (fire), the process of identifying the TOE can be hindered, and therefore the issue of providing the necessary definition in any emergency conditions becomes urgent (for example, the type of TOE, its serial number, etc.) service information. This makes it expedient to introduce coding and OO identification operations into the method for assessing the state of a controlled object. Structurally, this is realized by introducing a special device into the SEA - a code block and identification. Using the universal physical principle of operation of the corresponding primary SEA converters, which is valid for almost the entire range of possible changes in the parameters of external unregulated influences, it is possible to create standard series of primary converters with different thresholds of operation that provide a solution to the problem of developing SEA for any OO-ZK system. Naturally, the most preferable, from the point of view of simplifying the task of ensuring strict correspondence of the thresholds of the primary converters to the criteria groups for the TOE, characterizing the transition of the TOE to one of the controlled states, is the option of placing the built-in elements of the SEA on the TOE elements.

However, this is not always possible and in these cases, the most informative (facilitating the decision to find reliable correlation dependencies) may be:

- for temperature sensors - fasteners ("thermal bridges") of the TO in the container, the outer surface of the body, the bottom of the TO;

- for shock impulse sensors - power elements of the OO fastening in the container with the greatest rigidity, as well as the above-mentioned zones of the OO bottom.

It should be noted that in this case, significantly (due to the complexity of the computational models of real structures, the multidimensionality and nonlinearity of the tasks to be solved), the determination of the transfer functions for the recalculation of the criterion parameters determining the state of the TO after the unregulated actions to the installation sites of the primary converters is complicated.

The claimed method is implemented by the device shown in Fig.1.

Figure 1 shows the basic composition of the SEA, including primary transducers (threshold type sensors) of temperature 4, shock pulse 6, a code and identification unit 5, structurally combined with transition devices (connectors) 3, built-in inside the protective container 1 with OO 2, information channels communications 7, witness channel 10, interrogation console 8, personal computer 9, communication interface with personal computer 11. The numbers 12, 13 indicate the places for possible installation of primary converters 4, 6 of the SEA.

The polling console 8 is designed to promptly receive information in light and sound form on the change in the hazard status of OO 2 after emergency actions, as well as to monitor the initial conditions, register, process and store information about the operation (failure) of each of the primary converters 4. 6, type exposure and data needed to identify the TOE. The information obtained, if necessary, can be transmitted via interface 11 to the PC 9 for subsequent processing. Moreover, by the identification number recorded in the code and identification block 5. The received information is brought into correspondence (according to the specified protocols) to the numbers, types of specific primary converters, and the necessary service information is actually restored about OO 2 itself.

Placing the code and identification block (BKI) 5 inside the OO 2 volume significantly simplifies the operation of the SEA, especially when using protective containers 1 in the form of reusable containers. In this case, the information entered in the code block does not require re-encoding, because In reusable container 1, OO 2 is installed with its individual code block.

The code and identification block 5 should be located in the container area, easily accessible for replacement when the container is reused for transporting another TOE. Rational is the option of constructively combining the BKI with transition devices (connectors) 3 placed on the body of the protective container 1 and designed to output information channels 7 of the SEA, as well as docking with the survey panel 8 of the SEA to capture the recorded information.

It is known that the operation of control systems and the design of their basic elements significantly complicates the requirement of checks for the presence of initial conditions of primary converters and their information channels. Recently, unchecked (throughout the entire service life) system of primary converters is increasingly being introduced in domestic and foreign systems.

In our case, a serious simplification of the hardware implementation and operation of the method for assessing the state of a controlled object is achieved by introducing into the operation method an indirect assessment of the integrity (operability) of information channels upon the fact of maintaining the operability of a specially organized witness channel.

To ensure the universality (unification) of the application of SEA for any controlled systems TS-ZK-OO, information channels are initially marked for each type of physical impact and threshold, thereby ensuring the unambiguous interpretation of the facts of operation of the primary converters and the hazard state of the controlled TOE, as well as its identification .

Basic SEA can be supplemented by primary converters of other physical quantities (pressure, speed, displacement, etc.).

The algorithm for implementing the method for assessing the state of a controlled object is as follows.

According to the results of a preliminary analysis of the design and layout scheme and the features (from the point of view of the change in danger due to thermomechanical influences) of the controlled hazardous object, rational installation locations of primary converters 4, 6 SEO, their number and the number of thresholds characterizing the change in the degree of hazard of the TOE, normalized by the corresponding groups of criteria for each of the types of external influences, (temperature, shock pulse, etc.). Moreover, the number of primary SEA converters, ranked according to the degree of hazard of the TO for each of the types of unregulated impacts, is chosen to be equal to or greater than the number of thresholds. The specific values of the thresholds for the operation of the SEA SP, strictly correlated with the criterion levels characterizing the hazard of the TOE, are determined by analyzing the process of transformation of the corresponding type of external influence from the place of the possible installation of the PP to the TOE zone, to which the above criteria requirements are given. In most cases, due to the strong nonlinearity of the processes of propagation of mechanical disturbances (for example, effects of plastic deformation, fracture, etc.) or thermal (the appearance of internal sources of heat, phase transformations, etc.), an analytical method for determining is difficult and the transfer function is by analyzing the results of computer simulations of the corresponding emergency loading processes. According to the results of this analysis, transfer functions are determined that allow you to select the required thresholds for the activation of the software, corresponding to the monitored hazard states of the TOE.

.Figures 2 and 3 graphically present the time dependences of temperatures and overloads for zones of possible installation of temperature PP, shock pulse and characteristic zones of the TO, which determine the change in the degree of hazard of the TO, obtained as a result of calculations for the above-mentioned two-, three-dimensional packages application programs. The calculations were carried out for the hypothetical system "hazardous object - protective container", presented in figure 1. Figure 2 presents the results of calculations of the reaction of OO elements to an IAEA fire (temperature acting on the OO, T = 600 ° C, exposure duration, τ = 60 min). The temperature curve in characteristic zone 00 in FIG. 2 is represented by a dashed line, the temperature curve in zone 1 of a possible NI installation (see FIG. 1) is represented by a solid line, and the temperature curve in zone 2 of a possible PP installation (see FIG. 1) is represented by a dashed line, while the temperature values corresponding to the criteria levels are highlighted by a dash over the symbol - $$\overline{T}$$

.

Figure 3 shows the curves of the course of overloads in characteristic zones for the case of an axisymmetric drop of TO on a concrete barrier (for example, when loading and unloading) from a height of 9 m in the bottom zone. The overload curve in the characteristic OO zone in Fig. 3 is shown by a dash-dotted line, the overload curve in the zone 1 of the possible PP installation (see Fig. 1) is represented by a solid line, the overload curve in the zone 2 of the possible PP installation (see Fig. .1) is represented by a dashed line. Due to the proximity of the curves, the graphs do not show the overloads in zones 1 and 2 of the possible installation of the software, corresponding to the criterion levels of the TO.

It should be noted here that for situations when the process of transformation from the installation site of the PP to the characteristic zone of the TO is linear, the transfer function can be found analytically. Analysis of the obtained graphical dependencies shows:

- for both thermal and mechanical unregulated effects, changes in temperature and overloads in zone 12 of the possible installation of primary SEA converters have a character similar to changes in similar parameters in characteristic zone 00. This allows us to conclude that as a transfer function describing the transformation process the corresponding parameter (temperature, overload) from zone 12 to the characteristic OO zone, a function equal to a constant can be selected;

- the nature of the temperature and overload behavior in zone 13 of the possible installation of primary SEA converters differs from the temperature and overload behavior in the characteristic OO zone, that is, its similarity is not observed, and the transfer function in this case can be much more complicated and an unambiguous interpretation of the received results is not guaranteed using SEA results;

- thus, it can be concluded that it is advisable to choose precisely zone 12 as the rational choice for installing SEA SE;

;- to determine the specific value of the transfer function (as already noted, having the form of a constant) for each threshold level (i) of a change in the hazard state of the TOE for each type of exposure, the ratios of values that are realized at similar points in time at the place of the possible installation of PP, temperatures (T ⁱ ) or congestion (G ⁱ ) to the appropriate criteria level $$(T_{\mathrm{to}R}^i{G}_{\mathrm{to}R}^i)$$

;

, $$P^i=G_i^j/G_{кр}^i$$

для каждого из видов НВ - j;- taking into account the fact that in emergency situations different types of (j) thermomechanical loads can be realized (for thermal, different types of fires; for mechanical, different, for example, the orientation of the TO relative to the loading barrier or various types of obstacles), the above relations are determined $$N^i=T_j^i/T_{\mathrm{to}R}^i$$

, $$P^i=G_i^j/G_{\mathrm{to}R}^i$$

for each type of HB - j;

- the values of the transfer functions for each threshold level of change in the hazard status of the TOE for each of the types of HB is defined as:

; $$P^i=\min {\displaystyle \sum _j{G}_j^i/G_{кр}^i}$$

; $$N^i=\min {\displaystyle \sum _j{T}_j^i/T_{\mathrm{to}R}^i}$$

; $$P^i=\min {\displaystyle \sum _j{G}_j^i/G_{\mathrm{to}R}^i}$$

;

находятся как:- the final values of the thresholds for the activation of PP for each type of HB $$(T_{P\mathrm{about}R}^o,G_{P\mathrm{about}R}^i)$$

are like:

; $$G_{пор}^i=P^i\cdot G_{кр}^i$$

$$T_{P\mathrm{about}R}^i=N^i\cdot T_{\mathrm{to}R}^i$$

; $$G_{P\mathrm{about}R}^i=P^i\cdot G_{\mathrm{to}R}^i$$

Before installing the SEA in the TO, the conditional number (code) is written in the code and identification block 5, by which the emergency TOE can be identified in the future and all the necessary amount of additional information about the TOE can be obtained. In order to obtain registered SEA 4.6 information, information (heat-shock-resistant) channels 7 are organized from each of the PPs with their output to a transition device (connector) 3. Moreover, in the interests of unifying SEA, information channels are initially marked for each type of physical impact and the threshold of operation, thereby ensuring the unambiguous interpretation of the facts of the operation of the primary converters and the hazard status of the controlled TOE, as well as its identification.

To simplify the operation of SEA (excluding the operation to control the presence of initial conditions in each software), the control of the source is ensured by monitoring a specially organized witness channel, similar in execution to information channels and passing through each of the software for SEA. This allows judging by the fact of maintaining the integrity of the witness channel the operability of each of the software.

After installing the SEA in the OO using the survey console 8, the initial (unworked) states of each primary converter and the correctness of the code recorded in the block and the identification of the conditional number of the SEA are monitored. In case of a positive result, the “Norma” indicator light on the panel of the polling console lights up, and on the digital board the conditional number (code) is displayed, recorded in the code and identification block.

SEA is prepared for work.

In the event of unregulated impacts, after carrying out the necessary work, including organizing access to the transitional devices (connector), using the remote control, a survey of SEA is performed. At the same time, the state of the witness channel is monitored first. If the integrity of the witness channel is preserved, which is recorded upon the passage of an electric (optical) pulse through it, the current states of the primary converters are recorded and the code and identification block is interrogated.

Depending on the state of the primary converters, the following information is displayed on the panel of the polling station: SEA number and the corresponding indicators "SAFETY", "DANGER", "PROHIBITION" that characterize safety (danger and its level). Additionally, information is obtained on the type of physical factor that caused the increased risk of OO. This information is sufficient to make a decision on the procedure and sequence of subsequent actions with the product that has undergone unregulated impacts.

Additional information, which is the result of polling the status of each of the primary converters, is entered into the memory of the polling console and, upon request, is issued to external devices, while additional information about the TOE is also issued.

After undocking from the interviewed SEA, the survey console is ready for operation with the subsequent TOE.

The proposed method and its implementing system have passed successful experimental testing.

All the necessary documentation for their serial production has been prepared.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the state of a controlled object, characterized in that prior to exposure to external physical factors in the housing with an object located in it, threshold-type primary converters are grouped for each of the possible physical factors that rank according to the degree of danger of the controlled object, with the primary installation location transducers and their response threshold is determined in advance, taking into account the transformation of physical impact from the installation site primary transducer to the characteristic zone of the monitored object, after which the encoding of the monitored object is carried out for its subsequent identification, information channels of communication with the primary transducers and the channel - witness are established to control the integrity of the information channels, after the influence of physical factors on the monitored object, the integrity of the information channels is determined, after which carry out identification of the controlled object and remove from each primary converter of the registered information, upon the fact of the operation / failure of the corresponding primary converter, the level of danger and the type of physical factor determining the increased danger of the controlled object are determined.

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