RU2507382C1 - Underwater rig for development of hydrocarbons (oil and gas) deposits in arctic shelf - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil-and-gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: underwater rig comprises two submarines, one making deep-water drilling complex. Said complex consists of two modules, one making process module for executing the entire cycle of well construction and another one making the drilling module. Second submarine represents a nuclear underwater power production complex. Process module comprises drilling module supercharging system, storage battery compartment connected with cable joint. Process module top section is equipped with float emergency chamber with docking assemblies and self-propelled submarine while bottom section is provided with lock chamber with lifter. Drilling module is arranged vertically relative to process module and connected therewith by pipeline and power cables. Drill rig with hydraulic drive is arranged at drilling module centre. Bottom thrust plate, set of preventers, drill tool are arranged in drilling g module axial plane while pipe feed and making-up automatic device is arranged on opposite side.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and mining, in particular to complexes for field development of gas and oil fields of the Arctic shelf in difficult hydrometeorological conditions. Known submarine drilling platform (See patent (RU No. 2108644, class B63B 35/44), designed for drilling at the bottom of the seas and oceans, made in the form of a submarine with a light hull and a solid hull with functional equipment for living people, as well as with drilling equipment.It is also equipped with a sheath installed on the ground, open from below, made in the form of a half cylinder or hemisphere, while the aforementioned strong body is made in the form of longitudinally arranged cylindrical shells holes and with a vertical cylindrical compartment vertically located in the middle of the body for operating the drill rod and placing a supply of pipes, the shell open at the bottom is located under the bottom of the strong cylindrical compartment made with the suction chamber and connected to it through the suction chamber and coaming made on this shell - platforms and access hatches systems with covers for access of the drilling tool to the ground with these covers open. A disadvantage of the known subsea drilling platform is the complex development technology of this design and the fact that the drilling platform is equipped with an open bottom sheath installed on the ground, which does not provide reliable tightness of the passage of the drill rod. It is not possible to dry the shell due to its large dimensions. Installing a submarine on this shell is dangerous.

Also known is the technological complex of underwater mining (See patent RU No. 2140516, class ЕВВ 7/12, 33/035, 43/01), containing a bottom base plate with wellhead connectors, the main water separating means in the form of isolated underwater compartments a drilling vessel with production and drilling equipment having the possibility of tight connection with wellhead connectors. The bottom base plate is equipped with a technological trolley mounted on the respective rails with intermediate water separating means for drilling the borehole under the direction and for production drilling, each of which has the ability to alternately quickly disconnect tight connections with the compartment of the rotor aggregate and the equipment of the lifting system and wellhead connectors.

The technological complex includes an underwater supply vessel with mobile supply modules for the underwater drilling vessel’s supplies, and the underwater drilling vessel is equipped with a dynamic positioning system relative to the vessel of the bottom support plate, which includes at least one extendable rudder and one extendable rotary column with a mover, as well as centering elements on the housing designed to interact with the corresponding mating elements of the support truss of the bottom base plate. The compartment of the rotor assembly and the lifting system of the underwater drilling vessel is equipped with universal and rotating preventers to ensure sealing of its premises and technological communications between themselves and with respect to the aquatic environment. The submarine drilling vessel is equipped with seats and docking assemblies for installing mobile supplies modules on them and additionally contains a compartment for the circulation system and mud pumps, a compartment for cemented equipment, and a compartment for equipment for eliminating oil and gas manifestations.

The water separating means for drilling the wells for direction and production drilling are equipped with quick-disconnect locking devices to provide quick-disconnect connections with the corresponding elements of the rotary unit compartment and the lifting system of the subsea drilling vessel and with wellhead connectors of the bottom base plate and universal preventers to ensure sealing of technological communications with respect to the aquatic environment, moreover, the water separating means for production drilling It is also equipped with ram preventers for sealing wells.

The bottom base plate is made of the pontoon type and contains a bottom with ballast tanks located along its perimeter, as well as wellhead connectors installed in the corresponding guide holes of the bottom base plate. The bottom base plate is equipped with technological trolleys with operational equipment, the number of which corresponds to the number of wellhead connectors, which are mounted to move along the appropriate rails located on the bottom of the bottom base plate, and combine the docking elements of the operating equipment with the docking elements of the corresponding wellhead connectors. The bottom base plate is equipped with a rigid truss, which contains supports and centering elements for installing the hull of the submarine on them.

The circulation system of the drilling fluid is made isolated from the aquatic environment and the interior of the compartments of the drilling vessel and includes at least one mud pump with a closed circulating water supply, the capacity of the drilling fluid with sequentially located reservoirs with mixing devices, the suction cavity of the drilling pump being connected to the capacity of the drilling pump solution, and injection through the drilling manifold, power swivel, the internal cavity of the drill pipe and the check valve is connected to the working floor Tew borehole with the interior of the drill riser pipe, the upper part of which is connected with the inlet cavity vibroochistitelya one outlet through which the booster valve is connected with the inlet chamber container mud, and the second - a sludge collection capacity. The system for eliminating oil and gas manifestations is made isolated from the water environment and the internal premises of the drilling vessel and includes a circuit for discharging oil and gas manifestations and a killing circuit for the well, and the circuit for removing oil and gas manifestations includes a multiphase gas-liquid separator, the inlet of which is through a blow-out manifold and through a water-separating means for production drilling is connected with the cavity of the well, the first exit of the gas-liquid separator is connected by a flexible gas pipeline to the inlet the flare unit, and the second hydraulic one is connected to the reserve tank, and the well killing circuit includes a series of weighted mud tanks, a pump, a silencing unit, a blowout manifold, a water separating means for production drilling, and an wellhead connector connected to the well cavity.

The disadvantage of the technological complex is its danger, because it has a large number of nodes that can lead to failure of drilling equipment due to flooding it with water through quick disconnect connections. A large number of quick couplings and locking devices leads to the great complexity of the entire complex.

Seats and docking places for installing mobile supplies modules on them are unreliable and time-consuming. The bottom base plate, equipped with technological trolleys with the ability to move along the rails, can lead to jamming of the boat and the failure of the entire technological complex. The creation of a circulation system, a system for eliminating oil and gas manifestations isolated from the aquatic environment will complicate the development technology and their maintenance. Installation of the base plate with its vibration-shock equipment is not safe, as work will be carried out in the ice position.

Also known is an underwater drilling rig for the development of hydrocarbon deposits (oil and gas) in the Arctic shelf (See patent RU No. 2380541, class E21C 50/00 - taken as a prototype). It is made in an airtight hull, which is equipped with two submarines rigidly mounted on opposite sides, equipped with hatches and gateways for receiving and releasing small underwater vehicles, and an auxiliary unit is installed nearby, at the bottom, with anchors, which is structurally designed similarly, but has no drilling rig inside and auxiliary equipment for the preparation of drilling mud and means for cleaning drill cuttings, as well as a cleaning device for cleaning sewage effluents coming from all x blocks.

The submarine drilling rig and its auxiliary unit with submarines are equipped with streamlined airtight racks, which are rigidly fixed at the stern and in the bow of each of the submarines, and these blocks are rigidly mounted on these racks, and these hatches and locks for small underwater vehicles are mounted inside the racks and under each of the submarines, for more precise maneuvering and turning in place, additionally mounted propulsion screws with each individual drive are mounted across the longitudinal axis.

Underwater drilling rig is dangerous and inconvenient during installation and maintenance, as it is guided and mounted underwater at a depth with the help of divers and equipment, interconnected by cables and pipelines. The separation of drilling and auxiliary equipment for the preparation of drilling mud and cleaning drill cuttings complicates its operation. Work with the drilling rig is possible only in the above-water position, due to its dimensions and quantity of equipment, and when working in the underwater position, it will be destroyed.

The objective of the invention is the implementation of a safe and convenient layout solution of an underwater drilling rig, which provides a minimum likelihood of severe impacts on the operating personnel even in the most severe emergency situations (large-scale breakthrough of the gaseous medium from the well during drilling, etc.), simplification of the technology for performing work, reduction of labor intensity, as well as the use of existing capacities of shipbuilding enterprises.

Studies conducted by the Russian Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic (AARI) confirm that in the above-mentioned seas the thickness of flat ice, as a rule, is 1.5-3 meters, hummocks - up to 25 meters. The movement of broken ice or fields is constant.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that one submarine is made in the form of a deep-water drilling complex, consisting of two modules, one technological, ensuring the entire cycle of well construction, and the other a drilling one. The technological module includes a pressurization system for the drilling module, a battery compartment connected to the cable connector. In the upper part, the technological module is equipped with a pop-up emergency camera with docking units and a self-propelled underwater vehicle also with docking units, and in the lower part, with a lock chamber with a lift and elevator device. The drilling module is located vertically relative to the technological module and connected to it using a pipeline and power cables. A drilling rig with a hydraulic drive is located in the center of the drilling module.

In the center of the deck, a rotor is mounted with a hydraulic drive mounted with the possibility of sliding along the rails to the side to release the hole for lowering the drilling equipment to the bottom. In the axial plane of the drilling module, a floor-mounted base plate, a block of preventers, a drilling tool are placed, and on the opposite side there is a pipe feeding and screwing machine. Pipes are placed along the radius on the candlestick of the drilling module. In the center of the drilling module, in its lower part, in a raised state, there is a retractable pipe with a diameter that allows the block of preventers and the bottom base plate to pass, preventing the drilling module from flooding with water. In the bow of a deep-water drilling complex, two containers for cuttings, rigidly connected to the drilling module, are vertically located. The bow of the deepwater drilling complex in the area of the drilling module is equipped with an additional rack.

The second submarine is a nuclear submarine energy complex. It consists of a residential module, equipped in the upper part through the wheelhouse with a pop-up emergency chamber, and in the lower part - a lock chamber with a lifting and elevator device, as well as a turbogenerator compartment, a reactor compartment.

A drum with a drive and a power cable connected to an uninhabited underwater vehicle for blind docking with a cable connector of a deep-sea drilling complex is located in the bow of the nuclear underwater energy complex. The racks are made retractable and equipped with a rack-and-pinion drive with a mechanism for their separation when there is insufficient force when pulling the racks out of the ground and with the possibility of dropping them in case of emergency ascent. The deepwater drilling complex and the nuclear submarine energy complex are installed on the ground at a safe distance from each other and are equipped with racks mounted on the stern and in the bow.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 is a General view of an underwater drilling rig for the development of hydrocarbon deposits (oil and gas) in the Arctic shelf; figure 2 - deepwater drilling complex; figure 3 - nuclear underwater energy complex; figure 4 is a section aa deep-water drilling complex.

An underwater drilling rig for the development of hydrocarbon deposits (oil and gas) in the Arctic shelf underwater at a depth of 400 to 600 meters consists of one submarine made in the form of a deep-water drilling complex 1, and a second submarine made in the form of a nuclear submarine energy complex 2 installed on the ground at a safe distance from each other and equipped with struts 39, mounted at the stern and in the bow. Deep-water drilling complex 1 consists of two modules - technological 3, which provides the entire cycle of well construction, and another - drilling module 5.

The structure of the technological module 3 includes a boost system 4 of the drilling module 5, as well as the battery compartment 6 connected to the cable connector 7.

In the upper part, the technological module 3 is equipped with a pop-up emergency camera 8 with docking nodes 9 and a self-propelled underwater vehicle 42 also with docking nodes 9, and in the lower part, a lock chamber 10 with a lifting and lifting device 11.

The drilling module 5 is located vertically relative to the technological module 3 and is connected to it by means of a pipeline and power cables 12. A drilling unit 13 with a hydraulic drive 14 is placed in the center of the drilling module 5. A rotor 15 with a hydraulic drive 16 mounted for sliding is fixed in the center of the deck along the rails 17 to the side to release the hole for lowering the drilling equipment 18 to the ground.

In the axial plane of the drilling module 5, a floor-mounted base plate 19, a block of preventers 20, a drilling tool 21 are placed, and on the opposite side there is a pipe feeding and screwing machine 22. The pipes 23 are placed along the radius of the drilling module 5 on a candlestick 24. Also in the center of the drilling module 5, in its lower part, in the raised state, there is a retractable pipe 25 with a diameter that provides passage to the block of preventers 20 and the bottom base plate 19, which prevents flooding of the drilling module 5.

In the bow of the deepwater drilling complex 1 vertically there are two containers for cuttings 26, rigidly connected to the drilling module 5. The bow of the deepwater drilling complex 1 in the area of the drilling module 5 is equipped with an additional rack 27. The second submarine is an atomic submarine energy complex 2 and consists of a residential module 28, equipped in the upper part through the wheelhouse 29 with a pop-up emergency camera 30, and in the lower part - a lock chamber 31 with a lifting and lifting device 32. Nuclear submarine The 2nd power complex 2 also contains a turbogenerator compartment 33, a reactor compartment 34. A drum 35 with a drive 36 and a power cable 37 connected to an uninhabited underwater vehicle 38, which serves for blind docking with a ship connector 7 of a deep-sea, is located in the bow of the nuclear submarine energy complex 2 of the drilling complex 1. The nuclear underwater energy complex 2 is equipped with racks 39 made retractable for installation on the ground and equipped with a rack-and-pinion hydraulic drive 40 with a mechanism for their separation 41 failure when force when rack is pulled out of the soil and the possibility of dropping them under emergency ascent.

Underwater drilling rig for the development of hydrocarbon deposits (oil and gas) in the Arctic shelf works as follows.

The deep-water drilling complex 1 and the nuclear underwater energy complex 2 are installed on previously extended racks 39, on prepared sites in the ice position at a safe distance from each other. After that, the deepwater drilling complex 1 and the nuclear underwater energy complex 2 are aligned horizontally using a rack-and-pinion hydraulic drive 40. At the nuclear underwater energy complex 2, the drum drive 36 is turned on and the uninhabited underwater vehicle 38 with the power cable 37 attached to it is directed towards the deepwater drilling complex 1, where an uninhabited underwater vehicle 38 is docked with a cable connector 7. The power cable 37 is supplied with voltage to the technological 3 and drilling 5 modules. The pressurization system 4 of the drilling module 5 is turned on, the cover (not shown) at the bottom of the drilling module 5 is opened, the extension pipe 25 is pulled out. The water level is maintained between the upper and lower level sensors in the extension pipe 25. The well drilling process begins. A bottom base plate 19 is installed on the ground, a preventer unit 20 is installed on it. All operations are carried out using a drilling tool 21 and a drilling rig 13, after which drilling and extension of the pipes 23 is carried out with their capture by the feed and screwing pipes 22.

All equipment of the drilling module 5 operates in a gaseous environment with a pressure equal to the outboard pressure, which allows you to remotely control and monitor the entire process of creating a well. When loading large equipment, such as the bottom base plate 19, the block of preventers 20, it must pass through the hole in the retractable pipe 25 with a diameter of at least four meters.

The nuclear underwater energy complex 2 provides electricity for the technological module 3 and the drilling module 5. The nuclear underwater energy complex 2 is equipped with a residential module 28, which sends a team of specialists for work with the equipment on the technological module 3 and the equipment located in the drilling module 5.

After the completion of work on the technological module 3 of the deep-water drilling complex 1, the team of specialists leaves it and returns to the nuclear underwater energy complex 2 using a self-propelled underwater vehicle 42.

Using the lock chambers 10, 31 with a lifting and lifting device 11, it is necessary to periodically inspect the entire rig. Emergency pop-up chambers 8 and 30 in force majeure circumstances will allow you to leave the boat.

When the racks 39 are removed from the ground by a rack-and-pinion hydraulic drive 40 and insufficient force, the racks 39 are disconnected using the disconnection mechanism 41. The drilling module 5 is equipped with two containers 26 for cuttings formed during drilling. After completion of the drilling process, the drilling rig 13 raises the extension pipe 25.

The lid is closed (not shown), the pressure in the drilling module 5 decreases, the power cable 37 is disconnected from the deep-water drilling complex 1, and the deep-water drilling complex 1 returns to the base for receiving pipes 23 and consumables for subsequent drilling.

Using the proposed invention, safety and convenience of drilling operations will be achieved, simplification of the technology itself, performance of work, reduction of labor intensity, as well as the use of existing capacities of shipbuilding enterprises.

Claims (1)

An underwater drilling rig for the development of hydrocarbon deposits - oil and gas on the Arctic shelf, consisting of two submarines equipped with a drilling rig, as well as hatches and locks for receiving and releasing small underwater vehicles, as well as auxiliary equipment, characterized in that one submarine is made in the form of a deep-water drilling complex, consisting of two modules, one technological, providing the entire cycle of well construction, which includes a system for pressurizing the drilling module, as well as the battery compartment connected to the cable connector, in the upper part of the technological module is equipped with a pop-up emergency camera, a self-propelled underwater vehicle and docking units, and in the lower part of a lock chamber with a lifting-elevator device, and another - a drilling module located vertically relative to the technological module and connected to it using a pipeline and power cables, a drilling rig with a hydraulic drive is located in the center of the drilling module, a rotor with hydraulic control is fixed in the center of the deck with a drive installed with the possibility of sliding along the rails to the side to free the hole for lowering the drilling equipment to the bottom, in the axial plane of the drilling module are placed a floor-bottom base plate, a block of preventers, a drilling tool, and on the opposite side there is a pipe feeding and screwing machine, moreover the pipes are placed along the radius on the candlestick of the drilling module, also in the center of the drilling module, in its lower part, in the raised state, there is a retractable pipe with a diameter providing passage of the block In the bow of the deepwater drilling complex, two containers for cuttings rigidly connected to the drilling module, as well as the bow of the same deepwater drilling complex in the area of the drilling module, are equipped with an additional stand, which prevent prevent flooding of the drilling module with water, in the bow of the deepwater drilling complex and the second submarine is made in the form of an atomic submarine energy complex and consists of a residential module, equipped in the upper part through the cabin of a pop-up emergency measure, and in the lower part - a lock chamber with a lifting and elevator device, as well as a turbogenerator compartment, a reactor compartment, a drum with a drive and a power cable connected to an uninhabited underwater vehicle serving for blind docking is placed in the bow of the nuclear underwater energy complex cable connector of the deepwater drilling complex, and the racks are retractable and equipped with a rack-and-pinion drive with a mechanism for their separation when there is insufficient force when pulling the racks out of the ground and with the possibility of dropping them during an emergency ascent, with the deep-water drilling complex and the nuclear underwater energy complex installed on the ground at a safe distance from each other and equipped with racks mounted on the stern and bow.

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