RU2507338C1 - Protective acoustic-electric screen for roadside noise absorption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: protective acoustic-electric screen for roadside noise absorption includes a body formed by a rectangular frame, rear flat and protective face walls, and boards of sound-insulating and sound-absorbing materials built into the body and board separators. The face wall (the first layer) is made in the form of a movable polymer film with inbuilt permanent magnets, the intermediate (second layer) is made of sound-absorbing materials with minimum residual deformation. The following components are built into the fixed rear wall (the third layer): inductance coils, semiconductor diodes, rectifying switching devices (comparators), bridge semiconductor rectifiers and accumulating batteries. The first outputs of inductance coils are connected with the first input of the rectifying bridge, the second outputs of inductance coils are connected with the cathode of the rectifying diode, anodes of which are connected to inputs of the switching device (comparators), outlets of which are connected with the second input of the rectifying bridge, the control input of the switching devices (comparators) is connected with the negative output of the rectifying bridge and the accumulating battery, and the positive output of the rectifying bridge - with the positive output of the battery.

EFFECT: improved screen.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to noise barriers designed to protect residents of roadside buildings from noise and installed along highways and railways, around construction sites, industrial facilities and other noise sources.

There are several main options for solving the problem:

1. Reflection (change of direction) of acoustic energy (noise) due to the introduction of various reflective screens.

2. The conversion of acoustic (noise) energy into other types of energy, in the known analogues and prototype, exclusively in heat. In this case, a substance with a porous structure is compressed (cotton wool, foam rubber, foamed rubber, etc.) due to energy exposure and subsequent shape restoration in the absence of a similar effect (noise), while straightening due to friction of the fibers is carried out by converting acoustic energy into heat .

Known panel for the absorption of acoustic energy in the low, medium and high frequencies in the range of 400-3000 Hz, consisting of a plate of semi-rigid foam with open and communicating pores and a layer of bound fibers or soft porous material (RF No. 94028651/25, 06/20/1996, US No. 5493081, 02.20.1996).

The disadvantage of this analogue is the low efficiency of the suppression, absorption of sound waves.

Known noise shield mounted on a foundation and consisting of a set of acoustic panels, internal parallelepiped cavities filled with a variety of sound-absorbing modules. The panels are combined by vertical and horizontal profiles, the connection is carried out by means of vibration damping gaskets (RF patent No. 2209874, 2001).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of efficiency and the use of special gaskets, which greatly complicates the manufacture of such noise protection devices.

The closest in technical essence is the acoustic panel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2173372 "Acoustic panel of a noise protection screen", class E01F 8/00, decl. 10/20/1999. The prototype device includes a housing formed by a rectangular frame, a rear flat and protective front walls, and soundproofing and sound-absorbing materials plates and plate dividers embedded in the housing, the acoustic panel housing: a rectangular frame, rear and front walls - made of basalt-polymer plastic (high-pressure polyethylene + basalt plastic), and the sound-absorbing materials plates built into the body are made of fiberglass or basalt fiber, in the shell of fiberglass or basalt fabric, and the sound of the plate insulating materials - from basalt or fiberglass.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the lack of suppression and absorption of the entire spectrum of sound waves and the conversion of acoustic energy only into thermal energy.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the capabilities of the prototype, minimize construction costs, increase the sound-absorbing properties of the protective screen due to the conversion of acoustic and aerodynamic energy into heat and electricity.

The technical result in the proposed device is achieved in that it contains a housing formed by a rectangular frame, a rear flat and protective front walls, and soundproofing and sound-absorbing materials plates and plate dividers integrated in the housing, the front wall (first layer) is made in the form of a movable polymer film with built-in in any way with permanent magnets, the intermediate (second layer) is made of sound-absorbing materials with minimal residual deformation, into the fixed rear wall (third layer) Inductors: inductors, semiconductor diodes, rectifier switching devices (comparators), bridge semiconductor rectifiers and storage batteries, while the first outputs of the inductors are connected to the first input of the rectifier bridge, the second outputs of the inductors are connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode, the anodes of which are connected to the inputs switching device (comparators), the outputs of which are connected to the second input of the rectifier bridge, the control input of the switching devices (comparators) is connected to the negative output of the rectifier bridge and the storage battery, and the positive output of the rectifier bridge is connected to the positive output of the battery.

The technical result - expanding the capabilities of the prototype, increasing the sound-absorbing properties of the protective screen, minimizing construction costs - is achieved by summing the following effects:

reduction of the general noise level on the territory adjacent to the back side of the screen;

the conversion of acoustic and aerodynamic energy into electrical energy with an appropriate coefficient of performance (COP);

minimization of construction costs due to the modernization of the existing structure;

preservation of the existing design.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that analogues, characterized by sets of features that are identical to all the features of the claimed device, are absent. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

"Industrial applicability" of the method is due to the presence of the element base, on the basis of which the claimed device can be made.

The possibility of converting acoustic (noise) and aerodynamic energy generated by a moving vehicle into electrical energy with the corresponding efficiency is explained as follows.

The total force acting on the protective acoustoelectric screen is determined by the formula:

F _total = F _acoust + F _aerodin,

where F _total - the total force acting on the protective shield;

F _acoust - acoustic force;

F _aerodin - aerodynamic force.

ACOUSTIC ENERGY: Exhaust gases, together with the noise energy of the gas stream, when implementing the working process of an internal combustion engine (ICE), are supplied to the muffler via the exhaust pipe, distributed through the intake pipe and into the cavity of the intake silencer chamber. In this case, the gases create acoustic pressure due to a collision with the walls of the silencer (V ₁ ), due to which its transverse vibrations occur, which are the source of acoustic noise. The second noise source is the difference in gas pressure at the outlet of the muffler and atmospheric pressure (V ₂ ) (Fig. 16):

V = V ₁ + V ₂

AERODYNAMIC ENERGY. The aerodynamic drag of vehicles is due to the movement of the latter at a certain relative speed in the surrounding air. Among all the forces that make up the movement of the vehicle, this is of greatest interest in light of the ever-increasing speeds of vehicles. The thing is that even at a speed of 50-60 km / h, it exceeds any other force of resistance to the movement of the car, and in the region of 100-120 km / h exceeds all of them combined.

The interaction of air and the car can be represented as the sum of the resistances: profile, inductive, internal, as well as friction and protrusions. The largest “contribution” (about 58%) falls on the profile. It is due to the very shape of the body. The air flowing around the car, as it were, is compressed in front of it, creating significant positive pressure. The flow going along the upper part of the body repeatedly breaks away from its surface, which creates areas of reduced pressure in these places. In the rear, the flow finally breaks away from the body. A powerful vortex wake and a region of large negative pressures are formed there. Positive pressure in front of the car and negative pressure in the rear impede movement, creating pressure resistance, or profile air resistance.

To quantify the aerodynamic drag, use the following relationship:

F _X = C _X · P · V ² · F _mid / 2,

where P is the density of air;

V is the speed of the relative movement of air and the machine;

F _mid - the area of the largest cross section of the car (frontal area);

С _X - drag coefficient of air (streamlining coefficient).

When a car moves in a city stream, the aerodynamic drag of a car is small, while on the highway its value reaches large values. In such conditions, almost all the power generated by the engine is spent on overcoming air resistance. And for every extra km / h increase in maximum vehicle speed you have to pay a significant increase in its power.

The claimed device is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 explains the role and place of the protective acoustoelectric screen in the road infrastructure;

figure 2 explains the composition of the elementary panel (element) of the protective acoustoelectric screen;

figure 3 shows the shape of the alternating voltage at the terminals (outputs) of the inductor;

figure 4 shows the voltage shape at the output of the preliminary rectifier (input of the comparator);

5 illustrates a protective acoustoelectric shield device.

The claimed device is implemented as follows.

On the protective screen from the side of the highway affects the incoming noise flow of working and moving vehicles, interacting with the coating of the highway, a stream of air, its gusts. Noise flow has a different frequency and dispersion of oscillations, amplitude and ultimately some power, depending on the characteristics of vehicles, their number and intensity of movement.

Figure 1 schematically shows the role and place of the protective acoustoelectric screen in the road infrastructure, where:

1 - protective acoustoelectric screen;

2 - elementary acoustoelectric panel;

3 - road;

4 - vehicles.

The proposed protective acoustoelectric screen is a frame structure, which consists of three layers (elements) (figure 2): the first layer (1, figure 5) is a polymer film with any built-in method (gluing, soldering, pressing, etc. ) permanent magnets (M); the second layer (2, Fig. 5) is a distributed spring with minimal residual deformation, working in compression and realized in the form of sheets of soundproofing (sound-absorbing) materials (foamed rubber, foam rubber, etc.); the third layer (3, Fig. 5) is made of any rigid material, in (on) which are in any way inductors L (twisted conductor), AC rectifiers, control devices, connecting lines (buses) and terminals for connecting the buffer battery.

The number of permanent magnets in the first layer and the number of inductors in the third layer are identical. The total number of inductors is determined by the formula:

$$L={\displaystyle \sum _{j=\mathrm{one}}^k{\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{N}L{}_{ji}}}$$

where k is the number of rows

N is the number of inductors in a row.

Two forces act on the first layer of the shield. Firstly, the elastic force F _control distributed spring, i.e. second layer of the protective screen. Secondly, the periodic, alternating effect of the acoustic and aerodynamic forces F _control generated by the traffic flow. As a result of the action of two forces, permanent magnets (built into the first layer of the screen) will move relative to the corresponding inductors (built into the third layer).

According to Maxwell's theory, the variable electric and magnetic fields are interconnected and simultaneously exist in space. Where there is one of these fields, there is certainly another field. With relative oscillations of the permanent magnets in the direction of the inductors, an alternating magnetic field and a corresponding alternating voltage occur at the terminals of the coil (U _per , Fig. 3.4). In a coil located in an alternating magnetic field, an alternating electromotive force (EMF) occurs. This phenomenon is described in the experiments of Faraday in the "Quick Reference to Physics", N. I. Karyakin, K. N. Bystrov, P. S. Kireev, Higher School, M. - 1962, pp. 227-234.

Thus, when the opposite forces F _ynp and F are _applied , the _total pair (permanent magnet and inductor) is an elementary electromagnetic alternating voltage generator (11, Fig. 5), and in conjunction with a rectifier device, an electromagnetic constant voltage generator.

When a load is connected to an electromagnetic DC generator, a force arises that counteracts the free movement of the permanent magnet relative to the inductor, which leads to the conversion of acoustic and aerodynamic energy into electrical energy and, therefore, reduces the noise level. The connection is carried out using a switching device, which, in particular, is implemented as a comparator.

Thus, the proposed protective acoustoelectric screen provides:

reflection of part of the acoustic and aerodynamic energy generated by the traffic stream due to the first layer;

the conversion of part of the acoustic and aerodynamic energy into heat due to the second layer;

the conversion of part of the acoustic and aerodynamic energy into electric due to the coordinated interaction of the elements of all (first, second, third) layers of the screen.

In accordance with the well-known laws, it is possible to parallelly and serially connect the outputs of elementary electromagnetic direct current generators to obtain the required voltages and currents, depending on the parameters of the selected buffer battery, both within the framework of a single panel of a protective acoustoelectric screen and of a combination of panels constituting a protective enclosure.

Characteristics and examples of implementation of the elements of a protective acoustoelectric screen:

a permanent magnet is made of ferromagnetic materials;

the inductor L is implemented as a conductor twisted into a coil, while the amplitude of the generated alternating voltage depends on the diameter, length of the coil and the number of turns;

preliminary rectifier device (D _i ) is implemented as a semiconductor diode (half-wave rectifier);

switching (control) device {K _i ) is implemented as a comparator;

the comparator can have “n” inputs, “m” outputs and “k” control inputs, as well as power voltage inputs. In a specific case, the comparator has one input and one output, as well as one control input. The logic of the comparator is as follows. If the input voltage is greater than or equal to the voltage at the control input, then the input is connected to the output, otherwise it is disconnected. In a specific example, a zero potential is applied to the control input, i.e. U _control is equal to zero. Comparators are mass-produced in the form of integrated circuits;

the rectifier device is implemented in the form of a classic bridge circuit, including four semiconductor diodes;

battery of any type.

The electrical connection diagram of the elements of the protective acoustoelectric screen is shown in Fig.5. The lower (in the diagram) leads of the inductors (5) are connected to the first input of the bridge rectifier (8). The upper (according to the diagram) outputs of the inductors (5) are connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode (D _i ) (6), and the anode of the rectifier diode (D _i ) (6) is connected to the input of the comparator (7). The control input of the comparator (7) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery (9). The output of the comparator (7) is connected to the second input of the bridge rectifier (8). The positive and negative terminals of the bridge rectifier (8) are connected to the corresponding terminals of the storage battery (9).

The device operates as follows.

When moving permanent magnets (4, Fig. 5) relative to the respective inductors. The outputs of the latter form an alternating voltage. The preliminary rectifier (D _i ) passes to the input of the comparator only a positive or negative half-wave depending on the polarity of the inclusion. As an example, an embodiment of producing a positive half-wave is presented (Figs. 3, 4). Given the logic of the switching (control) device, the control input of which has zero potential, the positive half-wave of the alternating voltage is connected to the output, which is connected to the second input of the bridge rectifier. From the positive and negative output of the bridge rectifier, a constant voltage is applied to the storage battery. To ensure the charge of the storage battery, the condition must be provided:

U_fast> U_akk

The condition is satisfied due to the serial or parallel connection of the required number of parallel lines of elementary electromagnetic generators. The diagram (figure 5) shows a parallel connection of the lines (10) of elementary electromagnetic generators (11).

The technical and economic effect consists in the fact that through the use of the laws of acoustic and electromagnetic fields, the laws of aerodynamics, not only the capabilities of the prototype are expanded, the costs of its construction are minimized, but also the sound-absorbing properties of the protective screen are significantly increased, and the conversion of acoustic and aerodynamic energy into electrical energy is achieved.

There may be various embodiments of the protective shield in relation to the shape, size and location of the individual elements and their combinations. Illustrative material characterizes only the preference of the forms of its implementation.

Claims (1)

A protective acoustoelectric screen for roadside sound absorption, including a housing formed by a rectangular frame, a rear flat and protective front walls, and soundproofing and sound-absorbing materials plates and plate dividers integrated in the housing, characterized in that the front wall (first layer) is made in the form of a movable polymer film with permanent magnets built in any way, the intermediate (second layer) is made of sound-absorbing materials with minimal residual deformation, into a fixed back with Tenku (third layer) are integrated: inductors, semiconductor diodes, rectifier switching devices (comparators), bridge semiconductor rectifiers and storage batteries, while the first outputs of the inductors are connected to the first input of the rectifier bridge, the second outputs of the inductors are connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode, the anodes of which are connected to the inputs of the switching device (comparators), the outputs of which are connected to the second input of the rectifier bridge, which controls the input switching devices (comparator) is connected to the negative output of the bridge rectifier and the storage battery, and the positive output of the rectifier bridge - to the positive battery output.

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