RU2503958C1 - Method to reproduce thermomechanical impact of x-ray radiation of nuclear explosion at samples of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: usage: to test samples of multi-layer materials for resistance to exposure of X-ray radiation (XR) of a nuclear explosion (NE). The tested sample of the material is installed onto a target of a pulse meter, the sample is radiated with a flow of electrons according to the criterion of equality of a pressure pulse sent to a barrier from a structural material by action of a flow of electrons and an X-ray radiation, and the pressure pulse is measured.

EFFECT: provision of the possibility to assess strength of structural material samples under conditions that are maximum close to the required ones.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technique for testing structural and protective materials, multilayer packets (structures) by creating short-term intense pressure pulses by a high-intensity pulsed electron beam and can be used to test samples of multilayer materials for resistance to the action of x-ray radiation (RI) of a nuclear explosion (JV).

The greatest danger to material samples is the thermal and mechanical (thermomechanical) action of the radiation source, which causes heating, evaporation of the barrier and creates a mechanical pressure pulse [1, 2].

A known method of reproducing a mechanical pressure pulse of radiation, based on the application and detonation of a thin layer of blasting explosive (BB) on the surface of the test sample [3]. The disadvantages of the method are: the difficulty of creating a pressure pulse of small amplitude, which is determined by the explosive thickness critical for detonation, and the impossibility of creating a pressure pulse of short duration, corresponding to the effect of radiation.

Also known is a method of simulating the thermomechanical action of RI YW on samples of materials according to patent No. 2366947 of 07/11/2008 by contacting the exploding foil on the test sample and discharging an electric current pulse onto the foil, resulting in foil explosion and loading of the sample with a mechanical pressure impulse of explosive shock the wave. In this case, the thickness of the substance layer sublimated in the natural process is preliminarily calculated and removed from the surface of the test sample by any of the known methods, then uneven heating is carried out across the thickness of the sample by a contact electric heating plate, after which the foil is blown with a current pulse, which makes it possible to bring reproducible conditions closer to natural conditions. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow to reproduce pulsed volumetric heating of samples, thereby simulating the similarity of physical processes in nature and model during the formation of thermomechanical load.

The closest in technical essence is the method of reproducing the action of radiation, in which the main condition for simulating the thermomechanical action is the reproduction in the irradiated samples of materials of the same profile and the rate of energy release using a pulsed electron beam [4]. The disadvantage of this method of reproduction is that the full reproduction of energy release in most cases is difficult, and for multilayer (contacting) structures of materials is impossible. This is due to the different dependence of the radiation absorption coefficient on the atomic number of the material for electrons and X-rays, since the higher the atomic number of the material, the more it absorbs X-rays, and when exposed to electrons with matter, the dependence on the material is rather weak [4]. In addition, the application of this method in some cases is impossible, since the profile of the energy release function is reproduced by selecting filters that are destroyed by an electron flux of ~ 10 cal / cm ² , and the formation of an evaporative pressure pulse in a material can only be done using an intense electron flux of more than 10 cal / cm ² .

The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that it is not necessary to additionally change the thickness of the loaded sample by removing the freeze-dried layer of the substance, as well as a layer equal to the thickness of the facial chips during the natural process. These layers in the method evaporate (split off) as a result of the interaction of the electron flow with the surface of the test material (package of materials), and the mechanical impulse (pressure pulse integral over time) communicated to the barrier is measured using a pulse meter.

The technical result in the proposed method is achieved by reproducing the created load according to the criterion for the equality of the generated pressure pulse, which allows you to reproduce the actual picture of the thermomechanical action of the radiation source. Moreover, the method simultaneously reproduces the heating of the irradiated sample, the ablation of the target mass and its mechanical loading

The method of reproducing the action of RI using electron beams under the condition of equality of the generated pressure pulse differs from the prototype in that in the proposed method, the mass of the vaporized barrier material, the magnitude and duration of the pressure pulse will correspond to the reproduced effect. In the proposed method that implements volumetric heating, it is possible to create a wide range of pressure pulses by changing the parameters of the electron beam, while the magnitude of the pulse is controlled by a pulse meter.

The implementation scheme of the proposed method is presented in figure 1, which shows: 1 - a pulsed electron accelerator, 2 - an electron stream, 3 - a target of a pulse meter, 4 - a sample of material, 5 - a measuring transducer of a pulse meter, 6 - a recorder.

The method is implemented as follows.

The test sample of the material (structure) is mounted on the target of the pulse meter, the sample is irradiated with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam with the required parameters to create thermomechanical effects due to the absorption of energy in the material, and the pressure pulse reproduced in this embodiment is measured. The pressure pulse is measured by a pulse meter.

The implementation of this method was carried out using the installation "Squid" RRC "Kurchatov Institute". The simulator used is an electron accelerator and implements a method of reproducing according to the criterion of equality of the generated pressure pulse (a photo of the material sample after loading is shown in Fig. 2).

The proposed method for reproducing the thermomechanical action of RI YV allows to evaluate the strength of samples of structural materials in conditions as close as possible to the required ones, namely:

- associate the reproduced pressure pulse with the radiation parameters (spectrum, energy density and radiation duration) and material properties (density and sublimation energy);

- reproduce pulsed volumetric heating in the test material;

- create an evaporative pressure pulse equal to that generated by the action of RI;

- create shock wave processes from a mechanical pressure pulse propagating along the test barrier.

Information sources

1. Gribanov V.M., Ostrik A.V., Slobodchikov S.S. Thermal and mechanical action of x-ray radiation on materials and barriers // Monograph. The physics of a nuclear explosion. T.2. Explosion action. - M .: Science. Fizmatlit, 1997. S.131-195.

2. Physics of a nuclear explosion, T.2. Explosion action. - M .: Science. Fizmatlit, 2010.S. 344-448.

3. Explosion Physics / Ed. Orlenko L.P., Vol. 2. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2002. S.536-541.

4. Stepovik A.P. Thermomechanical effects in the components of electronic equipment under the influence of pulses of x-ray and electronic radiation. Snezhinsk, RFNC-VNIITF, 2010, p. 245.

Claims (1)

A method for reproducing the thermomechanical effect of x-ray radiation of a nuclear explosion on material samples, including irradiating the material with a high-intensity pulsed electron beam, characterized in that the test material sample is mounted on the target of the pulse meter, irradiating the sample with an electron flow according to the criterion for the equality of the pressure pulse imparted to the barrier from the structural material by the action of the electron flow and x-ray radiation, and measure the pressure pulse.

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