RU2500465C1 - Device for heat treatment and evaporation of fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat treatment of fluids. Proposed device comprises bearing assy 1 with vertical drive shaft 2 and drive, and heater. Additionally, this device comprises evaporation circuit including heater pump 6, at least one injector 11 closing evaporation circuit, all being communicated by pipelines. Bearing flange 4 is arranged at the bottom of bearing assy 1, either separately therefrom or integrated therewith, for installing evaporation circuit elements. Support 5 of arbitrary shape is arranged under said bearing assy 1 to support the housing of pump 6 aligned with drive shaft 2. Said pump 6 consists of fixed split housing 8 secured at support 5 and rotor 9 fitted on drive shaft 2. Pump 6 has central product intake bore 7 and at least one pump outlet to force the product via pipelines into injector 11 to return the product into vessel.

EFFECT: possibility of heat treatment and homogenisation.

18 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for implementing various methods of heat treatment and concentration of fluid products.

A known method of heat treatment (Patent RU 2267350, IPC B01J 8/10, B01J 19/18, publ. 01/10/2006).

In this method, methods for circulating a product in a heat treatment device with at least one mechanical heater are disclosed. However, this device requires further refinement to conduct not only heat treatment, but also the effective evaporation of fluid products.

The device closest in technical implementation to the claimed one is described in patent No. 2262979 “Device for heat treatment and homogenization” (IPC B01F 7/00, B01F 7/16, published on October 27, 2005) as a “dispersing unit”.

The device includes a bearing assembly with a vertical drive shaft, a drive and a heater. This device describes a mechanical immersion heater, according to patent No. 2267350, with the additional function of desyergization and homogenization of the product.

The disadvantage of this device is its low efficiency at a product temperature close to the boiling point, and as a result, the inability to use the product to be concentrated to concentrate when necessary. It also makes it difficult to process products prone to foam.

The basis of the claimed invention is the task of developing a heat treatment device with evaporation, which allows to obtain an extensive range of high-quality products on compact and high-performance equipment.

The problem is solved using a device for heat treatment and evaporation, including a bearing unit 1 with a vertical drive shaft 2 and a drive, a heater.

The device further comprises an evaporator circuit, which includes, as a heater, a pump 6, at least one injection device 11, which closes the evaporator circuit connected by a pipeline line, for installing elements of the evaporator circuit in the lower part of the bearing assembly 1 together with it or separately made a support flange 4, under the bearing assembly 1 there is a console 5 of an arbitrary design on which the pump casing 6 is mounted coaxially to the drive shaft 2, the pump 6 consists of a fixed split housing 8, is fixed On the console 5 and the rotor 9 mounted on the drive shaft 2, the pump 6 has a central inlet 7 for intake of the product and at least one outlet from the pump 6 for supplying the product through the piping line to the injection device 11 for the reverse injection of the product into the container .

Preferably, during operation, the inlet of the pump 6 is located below the level of the product in the tank, and the outlet of the injection device 11 is located above the level of the product in the tank.

Preferably, the evaporator circuit is provided with diverting valves 13 for Forcing the product to be unloaded and / or feeding it back into the container through the jet mixing device.

It is preferably provided with a sensor 15 for detecting the temperature inside the vessel and a sensor 16 for detecting the temperature inside the vapor circuit.

Preferably, the sensor 16 is installed in the closing part of the evaporator circuit, upstream of the injection devices 11.

Preferably, the injector device 11 is a hydrodynamic throttle.

Preferably, the injector device 11 is provided with a control valve 17 for controlling the instantaneous flow rate of the product through the evaporator circuit.

Preferably, the injector device 11 is in the form of a sprinkler device, nozzle, or control valve 17 fixed to the support flange 4.

Preferably, a stabilizer 18 is installed on the lower part of the pump casing 6, which comprises fixed radial blades 19 and a non-metallic plain bearing 20 to support the end of the shaft 2.

Preferably, to enable the processing of products with piecewise inclusions, a strainer 21 is installed at the pump inlet.

Preferably, a chopper blade 22 is mounted on the pump shaft in front of the inlet.

Preferably, a rotary dispersant having pump functions is used as the centrifugal pump 6.

Preferably, a variable speed drive is used as the drive.

Preferably, the evaporator circuit is provided with two injection devices 11.

Preferably, the piping line consists of at least one outlet pipe 10 from the pump 6, which is connected to a pipe 12 for collecting products from the outlet pipes 10 into the injection device 11, which closes the evaporator circuit.

Preferably, the evaporator loop pipelines 12 are located above the support flange 4.

Preferably, the evaporator loop pipelines 12 are located under the support flange 4.

Preferably, the device is equipped with two outlet pipes 10 for discharging the product from the pump 6 through the outlet openings of the pump 6 located symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 2.

The proposed device has in its composition (see Figure 1 is a front view with a cut of the immersion part of the device, Figure 2 is a chopper knife):

- Bearing unit 1 with a vertical drive shaft 2, as well as a pulley or coupling half 3 mates with the drive in the upper part;

- Made in the lower part of the bearing unit together with it or separately, the supporting flange 4 for interfacing with the technological capacity and installation of elements of the evaporation circuit;

- An arbitrary design console 5 located under the bearing assembly for mounting the pump housing 6 thereon coaxially with the drive shaft 2.

- A centrifugal pump 6 with a central inlet 7 for taking the product from the tank and at least one pump outlet connected to the outlet pipe 10 of the evaporator circuit. The pump 6 includes a fixed detachable housing 8, mounted on the console 5, and a rotor 9 mounted on the drive shaft 2;

- At least one outlet pipe 10 for draining the product from the pump 6 through the outlet of the pump and supplying the product further along the evaporation circuit. In a preferred embodiment, the device has two outlet openings and two outlet pipes located symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft. The symmetrical arrangement of the pump outlet openings associated with the outlet pipes 10 significantly reduces the bending load on the cantilever drive shaft and its runout during operation;

- At least one injector device 11 for reverse injection of the product into the container;

- The evaporator circuit pipelines 12 located above the support flange 4 and equipped with additional devices take the product from the bypass pipes 10 and feed it into the injection device 11 (or devices) and close the evaporator circuit.

The injector device 11 is located in the upper part of the tank, above the level of filling with its product.

When using the proposed device, the technological capacity is closely mated with the flange 4, which closes the technological capacity. The length of the immersion part of the device in the tank and the height of the tank are selected so that the inlet 7 of the pump 6 is preferably near the bottom of the tank, and the product level is lower than the outlet openings of the injection devices 11.

The rotor 9 of the pump 6 is driven into rotation by the drive shaft 2 through a pulley or a sleeve coupling 3 from an electric drive mounted on the bearing assembly 1 or on a bed external to it.

The pump 6 provides heating and circulation of the product through the evaporator circuit "inocular device 11 (or device) located above the free surface of the product provides the ability to perform its evaporation.

The evaporator circuit of the device contains taps 13, equipped with shut-off valves for forced discharge of the product from the tank or feeding it back into the tank through the jet mixing device (not shown in Fig.).

For the implementation of complex and energy-intensive technological processes, the evaporator circuit has detachable couplings 14 for incorporating an external heat exchanger or other special-purpose device into it.

To control the temperature mode of operation, the device is equipped with a product temperature sensor 15 inside the tank and a temperature sensor 16 inside the evaporation circuit, moreover, the temperature sensor 16 is preferably installed at the end of the vapor circuit upstream of the injection devices 11.

In order to improve the operation of the evaporator circuit and to prevent boiling of the Product inside it, the injector device 11 is a hydrodynamic throttle, and for the possibility of regulating the heating and evaporation conditions, the injector device is additionally equipped with a control valve 17 that allows you to control the instantaneous flow of the product through the evaporator circuit and its temperature increase relative to the temperature capacities.

The type of injector device is selected depending on the properties of the Product. This can be a sprinkler device, a nozzle, or simply an adjustable valve mounted on the support flange of the device.

To improve the suction conditions of the product and reduce vibration of the shaft 2 of the pump 6, mounted on the console 5, the device is equipped with a stabilizer 18, which is mounted on the lower part of the pump housing 6 having an inlet 7 and contains stationary radial vanes 19 and preferably a non-metallic plain bearing 20 to support the end shaft 2.

To enable the processing of products with piecewise inclusions, a mesh filter 21 made of sheet metal is installed in front of the inlet 7 in the pump 6, preventing large pieces of inclusions from entering the pump. The optimum size of the filter cell depends on the Product requirements and technical capabilities of the pump and evaporative circuit devices. The mesh filter is preferably circuit replaceable so as to be able to change the cell size when processing various products on a single device.

On the shaft 2 of the pump 6 in front of the strainer and the inlet 7 can also be installed a chopper knife 22 for preliminary crushing of large lumpy inclusions in the product. In order not to impede the absorption of the product into the pump 6, the knife-chopper 22 is preferably made of sheet metal and has a shape similar to that shown in FIG. 2.

On the shaft 2, the chopper-knife 22 is installed so that when the shaft rotates, the elongated knife body located in the plane of rotation clears large inclusions that have not passed into the filter from the strainer and thereby prevent clogging of the filter and the occurrence of a hydraulic jam that interferes with the normal operation of the device. The actual crushing of lump inclusions is provided by the bent ends of the chopper blade 22 moving at a high speed. The product rotation created by the chopper blade 22 is quenched by the closely spaced stationary blades of the stabilizer 18.

In the event that the product must be homogenized at the same time during heat treatment, a rotary dispersant having pumping properties, for example, the rotary dispersant according to patent No. 2156648, can be used as a centrifugal pump. In this case, the disperser rotor is installed on the pump shaft, and its stator is installed in the pump casing.

In the simplest embodiment, the proposed heat treatment device is driven by a fixed frequency common industrial electric motor. For products that have constant density during processing and do not change the rheological properties too much, this drive option is quite acceptable. Otherwise, it is much more convenient to power the electric motor with alternating current of variable frequency using the corresponding frequency converter. This makes it possible to change the frequency of rotation of the pump shaft, and hence the active power transferred to the product. Thus, by regulating the engine and pump shaft revolutions, it is always possible to ensure the optimal heat treatment mode for a particular product, even if its properties change significantly in the process of such processing.

The above options for the technical implementation and use of the proposed device allow you to choose for specific conditions of use the most suitable of them.

Below are considered the best options for the implementation and use of the device for a number of practically significant cases and the reasons why the option is the best are indicated.

For technical reasons that do not depend on the product and the technological apparatus as a whole, the device in the best embodiment is equipped with a stabilizer 18 and two branch pipes 10. This allows to reduce vibration B in the permanent deformation of the drive shaft 2 of the pump 6, to reduce the noise and wear of the friction parts of the device. In addition, the injection device 11 of the evaporator circuit is a hydrodynamic throttle, which prevents boiling of the product inside the circuit.

If the product is thick, sensitive to overheating or foams, the device is equipped with means for monitoring and controlling the operation mode, which include at least two temperature sensors 15.1 6 (in the tank - sensor 15 and in front of the injection device - sensor 16), which allow measuring an increase in the temperature of the product in the evaporator circuit, and a control valve 17 in the injector device 11, which allows changing the magnitude of this increment by changing the instantaneous flow rate of the product in the circuit.

If the device is used to prepare a wide range of products, or the product significantly changes its properties during processing, in addition to the above listed means of monitoring and control, the device is equipped with an appropriate variable speed drive. This allows you to adjust the power of mechanical heating by changing the frequency of rotation of the pump shaft and to process the product always with optimal power AND maximum possible productivity.

If the container is not equipped with means for mixing the product, then in the best embodiment, the evaporator circuit is equipped with at least two injection devices 11 (Figure 1) and a shut-off valve-pipe 13 for withdrawing the Product to the jet mixing device (not shown in the drawings). The inlet 7 of the pump 6 is then located as close to the bottom of the tank as possible.

For the preparation of products that do not require careful mechanical homogenization (for example, various types of caramel), the best option for the device is a mechanical heater containing a centrifugal pump 6 with a rotor 9 mounted on the drive shaft 2, since this is the simplest and most durable design.

For the preparation of products requiring additional homogenization (for example, fruit and vegetable juices, mashed potatoes and pastes), the best option for a mechanical heater for the proposed device is pumping properties of a rotary dispersant, for example a rotary dispersant according to patent No. 2156648. The use of a rotary dispersant will allow homogenization at the same time heat treatment and reduce the number of process steps and units of equipment used.

If the product at any stage of processing contains lumpy inclusions or is made from whole or coarsely chopped fruits or vegetables, the inlet 7 of the pump 6 or dispersant having a pump function is equipped with a strainer 21 with a suitable mesh size, and a knife is installed on the shaft 2 chopper 22. The chopper 22 is preferably used in conjunction with a stabilizer 18.

If the device is used to carry out complex and energy-intensive technological processes, its vapor circuit is suitable for incorporating an external heat exchanger or other special-purpose device into it.

When using the device, its lower part is placed inside the container with the product during its processing, or stationary. In this case, the product level in the tank should be higher than pump 6. Before turning on the device, the processed product through the inlet 7 spontaneously fills the pump casing 8. Further, the device operates as follows.

The drive shaft 2 (Figure 1) is driven by any mechanical or electromechanical drive. Mounted on the shaft 2 and rotating with it the rotor 9 of the centrifugal pump 6 by means of liquid friction heats the product and drives it from the inlet 7 into the outlet pipes 10 and then through the pipelines 12 to the injection device 11 (or device) and back to the container. In this case, the strainer 21, if installed, prevents large pieces of product from entering the pump and then into the circuit, and the bearing 20 significantly reduces the radial run-out of the shaft 2, improving the operating conditions of the device. The chopper knife 22, if installed, rotates in close proximity to the strainer 21, preventing it from clogging and the occurrence of hydraulic congestion.

The operation of the device described above is sufficient to perform the function of mechanical heating of the product. In this case, the power of mechanical heating is determined by the diameter of the rotor 9, its rotation frequency, and the effective flow area of the circuit. To reduce the effective flow area of the circuit, a control valve 17 of the injection device is used, which allows hydraulically controlling the instantaneous flow rate in the circuit and the heating power.

If, for technical reasons, the power of mechanical heating of the product is insufficient, instead of a fragment of the pipe 12, an additional instantaneous heater or heat exchanger of any design that does not violate the normal circulation mode in the circuit can be placed in the circuit between the pump 6 and the injection device 11.

If the tank is not equipped with its own temperature control, measuring the temperature of the product inside it is provided by sensor 15. And the temperature sensor 16, located near the injection device, makes it possible to measure the temperature increment in the circuit and prevent its overheating and the occurrence of hydraulic congestion due to regulation by valve 17. the product is sufficiently liquid or insensitive to overheating, the valve 17 and the sensor 16 can not be used when heating the product, and the mechanical heating, if necessary, to perform due to changes in the rotor speed.

If, along with heating, the device is used to evaporate the product, the outlet openings of the injection devices 11 should preferably be located above the level of the product in the container. Coming in. In this case, the heated product from the injector device is in this case for some time in a suspended drip-jet state, which improves its evaporation conditions.

When evaporating without boiling the product, it is advisable to perform the injection device in the form of a nozzle or sprinkler device, which provides a large free surface of suspended droplets of the product and thereby accelerates the natural evaporation in a dry gas environment.

When performing evaporation with boiling of the product, the device allows to realize the mode of volume boiling. For this, the injector device 11 is endowed with the function of a hydraulic throttle, that is, it is designed so that the instantaneous flow rate of the product used during evaporation creates a pressure drop across the injector device and an increased pressure inside the circuit. The required increased pressure is provided by pump 6. In boiling mode, the product is heated in the circuit above the boiling temperature in the tank, but the product does not boil inside the circuit due to the increased pressure. At the outlet of the injection device, the product is overheated, the pressure in it falls and volume boiling begins due to the internal heat of the product. With such boiling, the temperature of a portion of the product quickly decreases to the boiling point in the container and its boiling ceases.

In order to avoid the formation of foam, the boiling of the product is preferably carried out in a frenzied state, that is, the boiling time of a portion of the product should not significantly exceed the time it was in suspension. For this, it is necessary to ensure a high boiling speed of the product and a sufficient (usually at least 10 cm) gap between the surface of the product in the container and the outlet of the injection device.

The boiling speed of the product can be increased by increasing its overheating relative to the boiling point in the tank. In boiling mode, the overheating value is measured as the temperature difference measured by the sensor 16 and the sensor 15 or another temperature sensor in the tank. With a fixed heating power in the circuit, the superheat value is controlled by changing the instantaneous flow rate in the circuit using the control valve 17. However, the flow control and temperature increment in the circuit can not be resorted to if the product and its evaporation mode are known and unchanged in advance, and the injection device 11 at a given heating power in the circuit provides a sufficient excess pressure and a sufficient increment of the product temperature in it (in practice, 0.2 C or more, depending and the product). In addition, the design of the injection device with boiling volume is not critical, since the dispersion of the boiling product is not important. Thus, in the simplest technical implementation, the injection device 11 can be a stationary narrowing diaphragm, i.e. simply narrowed to the desired section output from the evaporation circuit.

The operation of the device described above allows heating and evaporation of the product. If instead of the indicated functions or together with them it is necessary to carry out dispersion and homogenization of the product, a rotary disperser is used as a pump 6 in the device, which acts as a pump and a mechanical heater, if required. If the product has large and subject to grinding pieces of raw materials, the device is also equipped with a strainer 21 and a knife-chopper 22 (Figure 2). When performing homogenization of the product, the device operates as follows.

With the dispersing pump 6, the product is sucked into the inlet 7, while large inclusions can pass into it due to the installed strainer 21 and are excised by the chopper knife 22. To make the mass with lumpy inclusions. it did not rotate together with the chopper knife, it is inhibited by the blades 19 of the stabilizer 18. Pre-cut and chopped pieces of raw material are pressed against the strainer by the product stream and are wiped with a rotary chopper knife. The pulp-like product that passed through the strainer is then subjected to further grinding and homogenization in the dispersant 6 with simultaneous mechanical heating, is fed into the outlet pipe 10, and then returned through the pipelines 12 and the injection device 11 to the tank. For high-quality homogenization, this cycle is repeated many times. To obtain a finely dispersed product from pulp with loose inclusions, homogenization at elevated temperature is used, including the simultaneous evaporation of the product, which is carried out by the previously described methods.

Using the above description of the use of the proposed solution, you can select the device option that is most suitable for a particular technology, installation and product. Thus, the proposed device is widely versatile and can be used for processing and preparing a wide variety of products.

The technical result of the proposed device is that it can be used to perform heat treatment and evaporation of any fluid products and mixtures without overheating. If necessary, the device also allows, along with heat treatment, to homogenize the product.

Claims (18)

1. A device for heat treatment and evaporation, comprising a bearing assembly 1 with a vertical drive shaft 2 and a drive, a heater, characterized in that the device further comprises an evaporation circuit, which includes a pump 6 as a heater, at least one injector device 11 that closes evaporator circuit connected by a line of pipelines for installing elements of the evaporator circuit in the lower part of the bearing assembly 1 together with it or separately made the support flange 4, under the bearing assembly 1 is located a console 5 of arbitrary design, on which the pump casing 6 is mounted coaxially to the drive shaft 2, the pump 6 consists of a fixed detachable housing 8 mounted on the console 5 and a rotor 9 mounted on the drive shaft 2, the pump 6 has a central inlet 7 for product intake and at least one outlet from the pump 6 for supplying the product through a line of pipelines to the injection device 11 for reverse injection of the product into the container. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that during operation the inlet of the pump 6 is located below the level of the product in the tank, and the outlet of the injection device 11 is located above the level of the product in the tank. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator circuit is equipped with exhaust valves 13 for forcibly unloading the product and / or feeding it back into the container through the jet mixing device. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sensor 15 for determining the temperature inside the tank and a sensor 16 for determining the temperature inside the evaporator circuit. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensor 16 is installed in the closing part of the evaporator circuit, upstream of the injection devices 11. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device 11 is a hydrodynamic throttle. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device 11 is equipped with a control valve 17 for controlling the instantaneous flow of the product through the evaporation circuit. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection device 11 is made in the form of a sprinkler device, a nozzle, or a control valve 17 fixed to the support flange 4. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the lower part of the pump housing 6 a stabilizer 18 is installed, which contains stationary radial blades 19 and a bearing 20 to support the end of the shaft 2. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to enable the processing of products with piecewise inclusions, a strainer 21 is installed at the pump inlet. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the pump shaft in front of the inlet there is a chopper knife 22. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that as a centrifugal pump 6 use a rotary disperser having the functions of a pump. 13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the variable speed drive is used as a drive. 14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator circuit is equipped with two injection devices 11. 15. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the piping line consists of at least one outlet pipe 10 from the pump 6, which is connected to the pipe 12 for selecting products from the outlet pipes 10 to the injection device 11, closing evaporation circuit. 16. The device according to clause 15, wherein the pipelines 12 of the evaporation circuit are located above the support flange 4. 17. The device according to clause 15, wherein the pipelines 12 of the evaporation circuit are located under the support flange 4. 18. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that it is equipped with two outlet pipes 10 for discharging the product from the pump 6 through the outlet openings of the pump 6, located symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft 2.

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