RU2498893C2 - Grinder used, for example, for grinding flat, convex and concave surfaces and method of its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Grinding means, for example, paper, fabric or other material with abrasive layer is pressed against ground surface by flexible pressure plate. The latter can copy concave and convex surface to accurately track the radius of their curvature. Pressure applied in operation to grinding unit body, mechanically driven handle or handles is transmitted to pressure plate at, at least, two points at a time via one rocker.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of grinding.

16 cl, 20 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The technical field of the invention

The invention relates to a manual grinding machine (block) or to a grinding machine (block) with a drive, intended, in particular, for grinding flat, concave and convex surfaces, and to a grinding method using the aforementioned means.

Current state of technology

For manual grinding of flat surfaces, either various hand tools such as grinding blocks and sanding boards, or grinding blocks of various shapes and sizes with a mechanical drive, vibration, belt or linear are currently used. Such tools are used for grinding concave and convex surfaces, but since these tools are intended, in particular, for grinding flat surfaces, the final ideal grinding of convex or concave surfaces depends to a large extent on the skill of the worker performing the work.

When grinding large flat surfaces, it is advantageous to use tools with large work surfaces, due to which high productivity is achieved, but mainly because when using such tools it is easier to obtain an ideal flat surface. One of the drawbacks of using these tools is that the larger the work surface, the more difficult and stressful the work is, which is caused by resistance and inertial forces. Another disadvantage is that when using tools with a large work surface, it is difficult to achieve a uniform distribution of the pressure created by the work surface on the surface to be grinded. The result is a compromise in which the maximum length of the working area of a small-sized grinding unit with a mechanical drive fluctuates in the region of 50 cm with a total area of about 250 cm ² . In the case of hand sanding boards (blocks) without a mechanical drive, there is no disadvantage of inertial forces, and for this reason, the working length and working area of these tools can be significantly increased. However, other shortcomings remain and, in addition, working with such tools requires a lot of physical effort.

The same technology is used for manual grinding of concave or convex surfaces, while for grinding blocks with a mechanical drive, means with a partially flexible working surface optimized for the dimensions of concave or convex curved surfaces to be ground are used. Partial flexibility of the work area is achieved by inserting flexible pads between the pressure plate of the sanding block and abrasive paper. The use of so-called belt grinding blocks for grinding concave and convex surfaces is almost impossible due to the design of the fixed pressure plate. To optimize the size of the grinding block, a rule is applied, according to which, the larger the radius, the larger the working area, and vice versa.

When using hand sanding boards, flexible tools are often used that can at least partially follow a curved sanding surface. However, the disadvantages mentioned above still remain.

Principle of invention

The above-mentioned disadvantages can be eliminated by using a grinding machine (block) for grinding flat, concave and convex surfaces, in which the technical solution described in the present invention is applied, and which consists in the fact that the grinding means (paper, fabric or other base with a layer abrasive), pressed to the grinding surface by a flexible pressure plate, is able to copy concave as well as convex surfaces, accurately conveying the radius of curvature.

The principle of the technical solution of the flexible pressure plate set forth in this invention is that the pressure applied during operation to the body, handle or handles of the grinding unit with a mechanical drive is transmitted to the pressure plate simultaneously at least at two points or, at least one beam. The pressure is distributed through the bracket to at least two points and to a larger number of points on the pressure plate. The number of points at which the pressure plate is pressed is determined by the number of rockers and staples along which this pressure is transmitted through the flexible pressure plate with the abrasive layer to the surface to be ground. The brackets are rigidly fixed to the pressure plate and form a movable connection with the rocker arms using pins, and this allows at least one bracket of the pressure plate to move relative to the rocker arm. At one end of the beam, a hole is made through which the beam is attached to the bracket with a pin. A cutout is made at the other end of the beam, in which the pin with the bracket can be displaced, which allows the pressure plate to be flexible so that the pressure plate takes the form of a grinding surface. When using two or more rockers, the third and each subsequent rocker are overlapped by other rockers, while the lower rockers serve simultaneously as staples. The number of rockers is not limited. This number depends directly on the length of the pressure plate and on the size of the surface to be ground. The function of the third and each subsequent rocker arm in the pyramidal structure and the mounting structure using the pins remain the same. The uppermost rocker arms are attached to the body of the grinding block in the same way or, in the case of hand sanding boards, directly to the handle of such a board. When using this technical solution, the pressure plate of the present invention presses the grinding means against the surface to be grinded, while an approximately constant pressure is applied to the grinding means along its entire length, which is then distributed over the entire grinding surface. This solution allows the use of grinding blocks with extended working surfaces when the pressure applied to this tool is evenly distributed over the entire length of the surface to be grinded and, at the same time, this allows you to accurately set the curvature of the pressure plate along the curvature of the surface to be grinded.

Traction can be used to fix the required curvature of the pressure plate. These rods come from the pins of the brackets of the pressure plate or from the pins of the rocker arms to the body or to the handle of the grinding block, for which rotary pins with side holes through which the rods freely pass are used. A locking screw is located along the axis of the pivot pin for possible fixing of the thrust position relative to the pivot pin. When bending the pressure plate, the distance between the axis of the pins of the bracket or rocker arm and the axis of the pivot pins located on the body or handle of the grinding unit changes. If the rod does not lock relative to the pivot pin, the pressure plate remains flexible. If the thrust is fixed relative to the pivot pin, then the pressure plate loses its flexibility and the set plate curvature is maintained. The required curvature is adjusted, for example, using a contact template. This technical solution allows grinding surfaces with precisely set radii of curvature.

The flexible pressure plate mechanism can be completely covered by a bellows mounted between the hard cover and the pressure plate. This bellows is rigidly attached to a rigid cover and is attracted to the pressure plate by flat shaped springs. This technical solution of the present invention does not limit the flexibility of the pressure plate. The cover protects the mechanism from mechanical damage and, in addition, a container for removing abrasive dust can be attached to this rigid cover. In this case, a hole for removing dust is made in the pressure plate and in the grinding material.

The flexible pressure plate can be used both for hand sanding boards and for sanding blocks with a mechanical drive of linear or tape type.

The principle of using the flexible pressure plate of the present invention for linear grinding blocks with a mechanical drive is that the lower surface of the pressure plate is equipped with at least one movable flexible plate with a mechanical drive, which moves linearly between the pressure plate and the grinding surface. A movable flexible plate is mounted at the bottom either using a known mounting system for grinding means, for example, sandpaper or sandpaper, or directly using abrasive material. You can use a system of two movable flexible plates moving along the same axis of the flexible pressure plate, but in opposite directions.

The technical solution described in the present invention allows the development of a grinding block with an extremely large working surface, while two flexible plates with abrasive material moving relative to each other mutually absorb vibration and undesirable kinetic forces produced by the drive of the grinding block, which develop as a result of the formation of forces resistance between the grinding surface and the grinding means. At the same time, this reduces the influence of the inertial force of the grinding means and the reaction of the working surface to resistance during grinding. A flexible movable plate can only move along the longitudinal axis of a flexible pressure plate, and always unconditionally and accurately copies this pressure plate and, at the same time, has the least impact on the flexibility of the pressure plate. The cross section of the flexible movable plate has a conformal profile, which partially covers the pressure plate. At the inflection point, where the lateral surface of the pressure plate passes to the upper, cuts are made at regular intervals throughout the profile. These slots eliminate the longitudinal stiffness of the profile, allow you to maintain the flexibility of the movable plate at the maximum level, and eliminate its effect on the properties and flexibility of the pressure plate. In addition, the coverage ensures that in the event of any deflection of the pressure plate, the movable plate accurately copies this deflection. For the manufacture of the movable plate, a plastic material with very good sliding properties was selected.

The profile obtained by this method can be used for a linear grinding unit when the plate is equipped with at least one spike used to connect the linear actuator and moves linearly in two directions along the longitudinal axis of the pressure plate, or is made in the form of an endless belt that moves in one direction, as in the well-known belt grinding unit. The function of the C-shaped profile is the same as that of the linear grinding unit, and a flexible pressure plate is also used.

According to the technical solution, the system uses at least two interconnected pressure plates and a larger number of plates and at least two sanding belts and a larger number of sanding belts, while these belts move in opposite directions. This eliminates mutual resistance, kinetic pressures and tensile forces of the tool, as well as the driving forces developed during the grinding process. The speed of individual abrasive belts is adjustable and this helps the sanding block to move along the sanding plate.

Summary of the invention using the drawings

The technical solution set forth in the present invention will be explained in more detail using the drawings below.

Figure 1 shows a hand sanding board according to the technical solution set forth in the present invention, which uses a flexible pressure plate, and pressure is applied to the handle of the plate through two rocker arms. In this case, the handle also serves as an independent third rocker.

Figure 2 shows a similar design of a hand sanding board with a cover, a fixing rod and dust removal.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of rods for fixing the radius of curvature of a flexible pressure plate.

Figure 4 shows a section of the bellows.

Figure 5 shows the principle of operation of a linear mechanical grinding block with a pressure plate and one movable flexible plate, and the use of this grinding block for grinding a flat surface.

6 and 7 show the use of the same grinding block for grinding convex or concave surfaces.

On Fig shows the principle of operation of a linear mechanical grinding block of a large area with a flexible pressure plate and with two movable flexible plates with reciprocating motion.

Figure 9 shows a cross section of a flexible pressure plate, partially covered by a conformable movable plate, and a spike (carrier) for connecting a linear actuator.

Figure 10 shows a view of a flexible pressure plate with a flexible movable plate with side slots. The plate is equipped with one spike (carrier) for connecting a linear actuator.

Figure 11 shows a cross section along the lateral slot of a C-shaped profile, which eliminate the longitudinal stiffness of the profile.

12 shows the bending of the pressure plate and the movable grinding plate.

On Fig shows the use of a C-shaped profile in the form of an endless belt of a belt grinding unit with two tension pulleys.

On Fig section of the tension pulley.

On Fig shows the use of a flexible pressure plate in a belt grinding unit for grinding a flat surface.

On Fig and 17 shows the use of the same grinding unit for grinding a convex and concave surface.

On Fig shows the principle of operation of the belt grinding unit with a larger area with two flexible pressure plates and with two belts rotating in opposite directions.

On Fig and 20 shows the use of an identical grinding unit for grinding a convex or concave surface.

List of items

1 - the main flexible pressure plate, 2 - sponge rubber, 3 - zipper, 4-bracket, 5 - pin, 6 - pin, 7 - notch, 8 - rocker, 9 - pin, 10 - pin, 11 - notch, 12 - rocker arm, 13 - handle, 14 - grinding surface, 15 - cover, 16 - flexible cuff, 17 - fitting, 18 - through hole, 19 - rod, 20 - tube, 21 - pin, 22 - locking screw, 23 - flat spring, 24 - rivet, 25 - rectangular profile, 26 - hole, 27 - movable shaped plate, 28 - abrasive material, 29 - flexible pressure plate, 31 - side slot, 32 - carrier, 33 - notch, 34 - flexible pressure plate, 35 - move Naya sanding plate, 36 - the movable sanding plate, 37 - Endless shaped grinding belt, 38 - Abrasive material, 39 - Flexible pressure plate, 40 - toothing 41 - slot 42 - pulley.

Examples of the implementation of the present invention

EXAMPLE 1

The composition of the grinding block or, more precisely, the hand sanding board (see Fig. 1) includes the main flexible pressure plate 1 with porous rubber 2 on the sole and with a zipper 3 for attaching the sanding paper. On the pressure plate there are brackets 4 with pins 5 and 6. The brackets are connected in pairs by rockers 8, on one end of which holes are made for pins 5, and on the other notch 7, in which pin 6 moves. The movement begins with any deviation of the pressure plate 1, which leads to a change in the distance between the pins 5 and 6. The rocker arms 8 include the pins 9 and 10. The rocker arms 8 overlap the beam 12, at one end of which holes are made for the pin 9, and on the other end 11, in which the pin 10 passes through the hole in Rocker 8. Co. The arms 8 and 12 must evenly distribute the pressure applied to the handle of the sanding board along the entire length of the pressure plate 1, which uniformly compresses the abrasive material to the sanding surface 14, and ensures grinding of concave or convex surfaces. Ergonomically designed arms 13 are attached to the upper beam 12.

EXAMPLE 2

The design of the hand sanding board (see figure 2) is the same as the design of the board shown in figure 1. Only a rigid plastic cover 15 with a flexible sleeve 16 and a fitting 17 was added to connect a hose to remove abrasive dust. Through holes 18 are made to remove abrasive dust in the pressure plate 18. The pressure plate is also provided with rods 19 that are attached to the upper beam and fix the curvature of the pressure plate.

Details of the operation and design of the thrust 19 (apparently the thrust is “pull-bar”, because in some places of the text, in my opinion, the “balance bar” is mistakenly written ie, rocker - approx. Translator) are shown in section AA (see figure 3). The rod 19 is rigidly connected to the tube 20, which extends with rotation around the pin 5. At the same time, the rod 19 freely passes through the side hole in the pin 21, mounted to rotate across the upper beam or, more precisely, the handle of the grinding block 12. In the longitudinal the axis of this pin 21 has a through hole for the locking screw 22. If the locking screw 22 is loosened, the rod 19 can freely move through the side hole in the pin 21, and this in no way limits the flexibility of the pressure plate 1. When tightening e the locking screw 22 presses on the rod 19 and fixes it relative to the pin 21, and therefore relative to the handle of the grinding block 12, and at the same time, it fixes the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the rod 19 with the pressure plate 1. To achieve the most accurate settings and most rigid fixation of the pressure plate with the required radius of curvature of a curved or flat surface, it is advantageous to establish as many points as possible, that is, use as many rods as possible. In the cross section shown in Fig. 4, the fixing of the flexible sleeve 16, which is rigidly attached to the rigid cover 15, is described in detail. The flexible sleeve 16 is pressed against the flexible pressure plate 1 only by a shaped flat spring 23 fixedly attached to the flexible pressure plate 1 by rivets 24. In addition Moreover, a reinforcing rectangular profile 25 is installed in the lower part of the cuff, through which the springs 23 uniformly press the base of the cuff 16 against the upper surface of the pressure plate 1. In the reinforcing profile, holes 26 are made, into which the ends of the carotid springs 23. Since the flexible cuff does not form a rigid connection with the pressure plate, any deviation of the pressure plate causes the lower surface of the cuff to move relative to the upper surface of the pressure plate, without limiting, in any way, the flexibility and properties of the pressure plate 1.

EXAMPLE 3

The design and principle of operation of a linear mechanical grinding unit with a flexible pressure plate (see figure 3) are similar to the design and principle of operation of a manual grinding board (see figures 1 and 2). In addition, the flexible pressure plate 29 is provided with a movable shaped plate 27 with a mechanical drive and abrasive material 28 on its sole. The plate is made in the form of a C-shaped profile, which partially covers the flexible pressure plate 29. Figures 9 and 10 show a view of this movable grinding plate covering the flexible pressure plate. In the upper part of the profile of the movable grinding plate 27 at regular intervals, side slots 31 are made that eliminate the stiffness of the profile in the longitudinal direction. 11 shows a profile element. On Fig illustrates the principle of operation and operation of the lightweight profile 27 mounted on the pressure plate 29, when the plate is deflected inward or outward. This design of the movable sanding plate 27 allows it to continuously copy the shape of the pressure plate 29 for any deviation of the pressure plate 29, in particular during grinding of concave and convex surfaces. In addition, the shaped plate 27 is equipped with a spike (carrier) 32 for connecting a linear actuator. Therefore, a cutout 33 is made in the flexible pressure plate 29, in which the tenon (carrier) 32 is linearly moved. A plastic material with very good sliding properties (Teflon or the like) was selected for the manufacture of the movable grinding plate.

As soon as a hole for removing dust is made in the flexible pressure plate 29 and in the movable plate 27 (like holes 18 in FIG. 2), this design allows the entire mechanism to be covered with a lid as it was done in the case of a sanding board (see FIG. 2 ), and connect the grinding unit to the abrasive dust removal system.

EXAMPLE 4

The principle of operation of a linear mechanical grinding block of a large area with a flexible pressure plate 34 (see Fig. 8) is similar to the principle of operation of the aforementioned grinding block (see Figs. 5, 6, and 7). The main difference from the aforementioned grinding block is that the flexible pressing plate 34 is equipped with not only one movable grinding plate, but two movable grinding plates 35 and 36. These plates move linearly along the axis of the pressing plate 34 and always in opposite directions. This solution can significantly eliminate any resistance of the grinding means, since the forces applied to both plates with abrasive material are applied in opposite directions and therefore eliminate each other. Another advantage of this design is a significant increase in the size of the grinding surface. This ensures the functioning and principle of operation of the flexible pressure plate 34 and the ability of this plate to take the form of a concave or convex surface.

EXAMPLE 5

The principle of operation of the flexible pressure plate can also be used in the work of the belt grinding unit with an endless abrasive belt (see Fig. 15). A movable sanding plate or, more precisely, a movable sanding plate of a Corresponding profile is made, in this case, in the form of an endless shaped sanding belt 37 with abrasive material 38, which moves in the same direction, at least between two pulleys, while at least , one of them is a drive pulley. In addition, the tape is pressed against the surface to be grinded with a flexible pressure plate 39, which allows grinding concave or convex surfaces. The principle of coverage of the pressure plate 39 with the shaped sanding belt 37 is similar to the principle used in a linear grinding unit with a pressure grinding plate (see FIG. 10). Shaped tape has neither studs nor drove. The tape is driven only by adhesion between the belt and the drive pulley or gear 40 of the pulley 42, which clings to the slots 41 of the sanding belt 37. FIG. 14 shows a cross section CC of the guide or drive pulley 42 guiding the shaped sanding belt 37.

On Fig, 16, and 17 in section DD shows the principle of using a flexible pressure plate for grinding flat, convex, and concave surfaces.

EXAMPLE 6

The principle of operation of a large-area mechanical belt grinding unit (see FIG. 18) is based on the principle of operation of the grinding unit shown in FIGS. 15, 16, and 17. In this case, two flexible pressure plates 39 are provided with two endless grinding belts 37 that move in opposite directions. The speed of movement of these sanding belts is electronically controlled so that the acceleration or deceleration of one of the belts relative to the other allows the sanding block to move along the sanding surface and partially reduces the physical forces that must be applied while working with this sanding block. In other aspects of this technical solution described In the present invention, advantages such as the movement of the plates in opposite directions of the grinding block shown in FIG. 6 are provided. On Fig and 20 shows the deviation of the pressure plates 39 during grinding of convex and concave surfaces.

Industrial application

The technical solution described in the present invention can be used, in particular, in the design of a new manual grinding block or grinding blocks with a mechanical drive used for grinding large flat, concave, convex surfaces. Various advantageous methods for improving grinding operations using the aforementioned tool are described.

Claims (16)

1. The grinding unit, used, in particular, for grinding flat, concave and convex surfaces, with a uniform distribution of pressure on the grinding surface, including at least one flexible pressure plate (1), equipped with porous rubber (2) on the sole and fastener- zipper (3) for attaching grinding means, two pairs of brackets (4) rigidly connected to the pressure plate (1), each pair of brackets provided with pins (5, 6) for connecting brackets (4) to a pair of rocker arms (8), each of which is provided at one end with a hole for the first of these pins (5), and at the other end, a cutout (7) for lateral shear of the second of these pins (6) so that the second pin (6) and bracket (4) are installed in the cutout (7) with the formation of a movable connection, as well as two more pins (9, 10), each of which connects one pair of rockers (8) and at least one additional rocker (12), provided at one end with an opening for one of these pins (9), and at the other end - a cutout (11) to ensure the movement of the other of the indicated pins (10), while in the case of three additional rockers (12) or more, the third and each subsequent additional beam (12) overlap with other rockers (12), while the lower arms (12) also serve as staples (4). 2. The grinding unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket (4) forms a movable connection with the rod (19) using pins (5, 21 or 6) with at least one bracket (4) of the pressure plate (1) move relative to the rocker arm (12). 3. The grinding unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with two rods (19), each of which is inserted into the pins (5, 6) of the pressure plate (1) and the pins (21) of the rocker arm (12) of the housing or into the handle of the grinding block, equipped with pivot pins with side openings, allowing free passage of traction (19). 4. The grinding unit according to claim 3, characterized in that a locking screw (22) is located along the axis of the pin (21) to fix the position of the rod (19) relative to the pin. 5. The grinding unit according to paragraphs 1 or 2, characterized in that it is completely covered with a permanent cover, preferably a flexible cuff, which is pressed using flat shaped springs, while the cover has holes for suction of abrasive dust in case the pressure plate and material of the grinding block is equipped with suction holes. 6. The grinding unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flexible pressure plate (1) is equipped with a mechanical drive, while the lower surface of the pressure plate is equipped with one movable shaped plate (27) driven linearly between the pressure plate and the mechanical drive a grinded surface, while the lower surface of the movable shaped plate is equipped with a system for fixing the grinding means, mainly in the form of sanding paper, fabric or another base with a layer of abrasive. 7. The grinding unit according to claim 2, characterized in that one flexible pressure plate (1) is arranged to move along the same axis as the other (s) pressure plate (s) (1), in the opposite direction. 8. A grinding block according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the region where the profile of the pressure plate (1) extends from the side surface upwards of the pressure plate, side slots (31) are made at regular intervals in the profile of the pressure plate (1) ) 9. The grinding unit according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it consists of two interconnected pressure plates (1) or more and two grinding belts or more with adjustable speed, while these belts move in opposite directions. 10. The method of grinding, in particular, flat, concave and convex surfaces using the grinding unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising transmitting the pressure applied to the housing, handle or handles of the grinding unit to the pressure plate at two points simultaneously or at more points and / or through one rocker or through a larger number of rockers. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the same pressure is applied to two points of the pressure plate or to a larger number of them, preferably using a bracket. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the pressure plate (1) presses the grinding means in the form of paper, fabric or another base with a layer of abrasive to the surface being grinded (14) along the entire length of the grinding means, while to the grinding means approximately constant pressure is applied along its entire length, which is then distributed over the entire grinding surface. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the curvature of the pressure plate (1) can be fixed using rods (19). 14. The method according to any one of paragraphs.10 or 11, characterized in that the curvature is set using the template. 15. The method according to any one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the suction of abrasive dust is also ensured by the fact that the flexible cover is pressed through the rubber seal to the top of another flexible pressure plate, while there is a tab between the two plates and the cover is not tight connects to the pressure plate to provide flexibility to the pressure plate. 16. The use of the grinding unit according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for grinding, flat, concave and convex surfaces.

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