RU2498873C2 - Method of ball-like structure in-situ assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, particularly, to erection of ball-like structures. Erection of the structure is started from making the top hemisphere. For this, light duralumin carcass and polymers with wooden filler are used for making the shell. Said shell is reinforced by glass fiber nonwoven meshes. Homogeneity of polymer mix for making said shell is distributed by male die. After shell formation, it is warmed by lifting male die to produce slot for foamed polymer melt (immediately hardening at cooling) so that female die is released for laying bottom hemisphere. Bottom hemisphere is assembled in a similar way yet unlike the bottom one while all skeleton reinforcements are made from steel, all joints are welded, while shell is made of concrete and heat insulation is made of foam or porous concrete. Assembly is performed at bottom hemisphere.

EFFECT: simplified assembly.

5 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of spatial spherical ellipsoid structures. It can be used in almost all sectors of the economy, starting from temporary elevators during harvesting and as water tanks in gardening and cottage facilities, not only for irrigation, but also as sources of drinking water and as fire tanks. In the presence of thermal insulation, such structures can serve as change houses in the development and mining of minerals in all climatic zones of the Russian Federation, and also make up for the urgent need for roadside mini-hotels. In a lightweight version, having an extremely low weight, they can - be delivered but to air to places inaccessible to land transport, and become indispensable shelters for a variety of services, including border guards and all kinds of extreme climbers. Spherical ellipsoid structures are known that are used as leisure centers, for example, in Moscow; The Belgian Atomium is also known, symbolizing an iron molecule, consisting of nine hollow balls 18 m in diameter, rigidly interconnected by transitions in the form of pipes. The disadvantages of analogues are their practical unacceptability due to unprofitability and not satisfactory performance in a multidisciplinary business. A closer prototype for this method is not found in the literature.

The technical result of the proposed invention lies in the fact that the proposed stamping method for assembling spherical structures is carried out in the field using mobile teams equipped with a set of necessary technical equipment and at the same time working in a single cycle and tight schedule. That allows you to collect several spherical structures (in the light version) within one working day. The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the spherical structures are assembled on construction sites in mobile collapsible matrices from a set of the same structural elements that are used in the construction of classical domes, with the only difference being that the assembly is carried out in an “overturned” form.

If there is one matrix, assembly begins with the assembly of the upper lightweight hemisphere, using shaped duralumin or composite reinforcement, fiberglass and for the formation of a solid monolithic shell - epoxy resin ED-5 (ED-6) in a mixture with fine wood chips. The assembly begins with spreading a matrix of plastic film over the entire working surface of the matrix, a non-woven glass canvas is placed on top of it, and then a small support ring with holes is placed in the center of the matrix, where the ends of the meridional beams (ribs) are brought into joint, over which the intermediate rings are then laid out in increasing direction and intercellular connections. The last are made up of separate sections of a large support ring with the simultaneous introduction of the ends of the final meridional rays into its nests. After re-laying the fiberglass layer, at the point of the small support ring, a mixture of epoxy resin with wood filler is unloaded from the tubes, into which a hardener was previously introduced with a special syringe. The polymerization that has begun, warming up the composition of the mixture, dilutes it, increasing fluidity, and at the same time a punch is lowered by means of a lifting device, on the working surface of which is a rubber pneumatic chamber.

Upon contact with the punch, the binder mixture is distributed over the entire reinforcing surface of the future hemisphere, while the pneumatic chamber not only qualitatively compresses the mixture with the fittings, but also with a controlled supply of excess pressure, the binder mass is evenly distributed, which affects its economical consumption.

The short curing time of the shell allows you to start creating thermal insulation by foaming the molten polymer (mipore) using superheated steam or high frequency currents. To do this, by raising the punch, a gap is created corresponding to the thickness of the insulating layer and the foam mass is fed into it, when it cools it hardens, which allows you to immediately free the matrix from the finished product and proceed with the assembly of the lower hemisphere, the assembly order of which differs only in that instead of duralumin and Composites use steel using electric welding. The shell is made of cement mortar, for the heat-insulating layer they are used nemo or porous concrete, for the accelerated scramble it is possible to use liquid glass.

Complete the assembly of spherical structures by the device of internal ceilings and partitions, using a set of standard panels made to order in DSC. This work begins with laying an underground crosspiece on which the floor panels of the first floor are laid, then an assembly of the second crosspiece for partitions between the rooms of the first floor follows, the ceiling of which will be 4 panels 5 × 5 m. Or 8 panels 5 × 2.5 m. From calculation of the estimated diameter of the ball - 7 m.

External removal of the floor may be sufficient at 1 m. But in each case, but the corners of the panels set racks. The cross of the partitions of the second floor repeats the cross of the lower floor - suspended ceiling - floor of the first floor. The last cross repeats the underground.

The assembly is completed by joining the two hemispheres, in which the upper light hemisphere, using bolt fastening, is connected through the ceiling on the line of large support rings to the lower hemisphere.

Using a ceiling that acts as a canopy between two hemispheres beyond the circle of a ball in terms of a square, a rectangle of any configuration allows you to attach an additional usable area in the form of a vestibule, a porch or communicating transitions during the group construction of such structures under a common roof. Door and window openings are cut out in the designated places after the assembly of structures, while the neatly cut shell under the doors (hatches) are installed as doors in the same places.

The light upper hemisphere assembly with an airtight pallet can be used as a nomadic home for reindeer herders, geologists, fishermen, with the possibility of its installation on the water surface and in places of avalanches of avalanches as rescue shelters.

Spherical structures, assembled from two "light" hemispheres, can be delivered by air to places that are difficult to access for land transport.

Claims (5)

1. The method of stamping the assembly of spherical structures in the field, including the use of collapsible movable dies and punches for the manufacture of individual hemispheres from structural elements used in the construction of classical domes, characterized in that the upper light hemisphere is assembled in a “tilted” form in a matrix mounted on a place of a permanent foundation, using light aluminum alloys, composites and reinforcing as meridional rays (ribs), supporting and intermediate rings, and intercellular bonds fiberglass materials; for the formation of the outer and insulating shells, polymers are used in a mixture with wood filler; for their uniform distribution over the entire working surface of the matrix, a punch is used, the working surface of which is covered with a gasket closed by a rubber chamber that regulates the uniform distribution of the shell-forming mass over the entire working surface of the matrix; the lower hemisphere is assembled in the same vacant matrix, in the same way as the upper hemisphere, while steel reinforcement fastened by electric welding is used as structural elements; for the formation of a shell - cement mortar, as thermal insulation - foam or porous concrete; the hemispheres are joined after installing all internal ceilings and partitions assembled from standardized slabs on the lower hemisphere, the sets of which are manufactured in house-building plants. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of the overlap between the hemispheres, acting as a canopy outside the circumference of the ball in terms of a square, rectangle or any other configuration, allows you to attach additional useful area in the form of a vestibule, porch or communicating covered transitions between similar objects under one common roof. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical structures made up of two lightweight hemispheres are available for movement, including by air. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lightweight hemisphere mounted hermetically on a flat bottom can be used as a nomadic home for reindeer herders, geologists, fishermen, with the possibility of installation in flood zones, including on the water surface in places snow avalanches as rescue shelters. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings for doors (hatches) are cut out in the intended places after completion of assembly, the neatly cut shell being used as a door (hatch) in the same opening.