RU2498569C2 - Method of selection of cattle in kalmyk breed according to meat productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of genetics and animal breeding. The method of selection of cattle of Kalmyk breed is that at the age of 6-month the presence in blood of erythrocytic antigens-markers of tall-growing type: G2 E'3 R2 are detected. In the presence in the genotype of animals of markers of productivity the selection of animals is carried out.

EFFECT: method enables to increase the body weight of bull-calves.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and, in particular, to the selection and genetics of cattle.

A known method of selection of cattle for milk productivity (RU 2391815, date of publication of the application 06/20/2010).

A known method of selection of cattle for meat productivity (RU 2366170, publication date 09/10/2009), which consists in determining the erythrocyte antigens-markers of high and low growth energy in heifers Simmental breed. If there are markers of increased growth energy in the genotype of animals or their prevalence over antigens of reduced growth energy, selection is made.

The disadvantage of these methods is the identification of antigens-markers of productivity in breeds of the dairy and milk-meat direction, which are not markers of the meat direction of productivity, in particular, the Kalmyk breed.

The proposed method is based on the use of red blood cell antigens. Antigens are passed from parents to descendants as hereditary units. The synthesis of each antigen is due to the action of one gene.

In this regard, erythrocyte antigens and their certain complexes represent elements of the genotype, which determine the characteristics of the organism, including those associated with its productive qualities. The analysis of erythrocyte antigens allows us to judge the degree of participation of the heredity of the father, mother and more distant ancestors in the formation of the offspring genotype. Based on this, we investigated their selection significance as markers of the genotype in the study of the inheritance of economically useful qualities.

Disclosure of invention

The method consists in the fact that at the age of 6 months, the presence of erythrocyte antigens-markers of tall type productivity is detected in the blood: G2 E′3 R2. If there are tall type productivity markers in the animal genotype, animals are selected.

Selection - the preservation of animals adapted to environmental conditions, or that meet human requirements while removing animals that are not adapted to environmental conditions.

In each breed of cattle there are animals that are heterogeneous in productivity, morphological and physiological characteristics, which make up peculiar groups — intra-breed types.

The presence of animals of various intra-breed types with their distinctive biological and economic characteristics expands the possibilities for further improvement of the breeds and makes it possible to identify potential opportunities in the direction of increasing productivity.

The increase in livestock production should be carried out through intensification, the basis of which is breeding and breeding. Improving existing and creating new breeds, types and lines of beef cattle is one of the most important selection tasks at the present stage. In order to accelerate selection, along with its traditional methods, it is necessary to use new genetic methods that can significantly increase the level of effectiveness of the breeding work.

The main object of experimental research was a herd of Kalmyk breed pedigree reproducer of JSC “50 years of October” October district of the Republic of Kalmykia, numbering 230 animals. The research material was documents of zootechnical and breeding registration, immunological cards of genetic certification of breeding animals were used, compiled on the basis of a blood test in the immunogenetics laboratory of Kalmytsky OJSC for breeding work of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Studies were conducted on calves of the Kalmyk breed. To identify the genotype features of gobies, differing in measurements and live weight by 18 months of age, the animals were divided into two groups. The first group included gobies with a height at the withers of more than 110 cm (tall type), and the gobies having a lower height at the withers were assigned to the second group (compact type). There were 20 and 16 bull-calves in each group, respectively. The remaining measurements at different age periods were studied in 5 calves from each type.

In zootechnology, the question of the reliability (materiality) of differences plays an important role. The significance of the difference means that the difference between the sample indicators entails differences between the corresponding general indicators. If it turned out that the difference is unreliable, this means that conclusions about the difference in sample indicators cannot be transferred to general indicators, since they can either differ or coincide.

The results of the studies showed that the difference between the groups at 8 months was significant with P> 0.99. The live weight of the compact type bulls was 3.2 kg more at 8 months of age (when tested).

By the age of 18 months, the bull-calves of the compact type were inferior to the tall type in height at the withers by 2.64 cm and height in the sacrum by 2.44 cm, the difference in live weight was 22.6 kg at P> 0.95. Consequently, the tall-type bull-calves by 18 months “surpassed” the live weight of the compact-type bull-calves (table 1).

Table 1 Measurements of tall and compact gobies Age, month Type of Live weight kg Height at the withers in the sacrum 8 one 160.6 ± 1.89 111.2 ± 0.31 112.64 ± 0.38 2 163.8 ± 1.72 107.02 ± 0.26 108.05 ± 1.76 fifteen one 343.2 ± 3.05 122.0 ± 0.50 123.32 ± 0.56 2 341.0 ± 3.28 118.28 ± 0.48 120.16 ± 0.51 eighteen one 413.2 ± 0.78 125.12 ± 0.12 127.1 ± 0.42 2 390.6 ± 4.05 122.48 ± 0.60 124.64 ± 0.58

When beating, all the bulls were examined by the antigenic composition of the blood with the establishment of reliability of origin (table 2).

table 2 The frequency of antigens in gobies of different types Locus Antigen 1 type 2 type qty frequency(%) qty frequency(%) EAA A1 / A2 8 0.40 one 0.063 EBA G2 10 0.50 one 0.063 O4 fifteen 0.75 9 0.56 AT' 12 0.60 four 0.25 D ′ 13 0.65 four 0.25 E′1 6 0.30 2 0.13 E′3 17 0.85 2 0.13 I ′ 8 0.40 four 0.25 YOU C1 7 0.35 2 0.13 C2 eleven 0.55 5 0.31 R2 7 0.35 - - X2 16 0.80 12 0.75 EAF / EAZ F / vz eleven 0.55 four 0.25

The frequency of occurrence of erythrocyte antigens varies quite significantly.

In the A-system, A1 / A2 antigens are most common in type 1 livestock (frequency - 0.40%) compared with the second type (frequency -0.063%).

In the B-system, the highest frequency is for the antigens G2 (0.50%), B ′ (0.60%), D ′ (0.65%), E′3 (0.85%) in type 1, than 2 - 0.063%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.13%, respectively. The remaining alleles of the B locus (O4, E′1, I ′) are present identically in both the first type and the second.

In the C locus, type 1 has a high frequency of occurrence of antigens C1 (0.35%) and C2 (0.55%) compared with the second one - 0.13% and 0.31%, respectively. It should be noted that the R2 antigen is observed only in the first type with a frequency of occurrence of 0.80%. Antigen X2 occupies an intermediate position.

In the -F- and -Z- systems, the frequency of F / V Z antigens in the first type was 0.55%, in the second 0.25%.

As can be seen from the table, there are antigens that are responsible for tallness. And since tall gobies reliably outperform compact gobies at 18 months of age in live weight, we can conclude that these G2 E′3 R2 antigens are also responsible for live weight.

We suggest that G2 E′3 R2 antigens be considered as markers of productivity at 18 months of age, and selection for an increase in live weight should be performed taking into account antigenic factors.

Literature

1. Dorotuk E.N. Meat productivity of young animals of different types of Kalmyk breed / Dorotyuk E.N. // Tr. Orenburg Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding. - 1968. - Issue 13.

2. Ivanova O.A. Genetics / O.A. Ivanova. - M .: Kolos. - 1974. - S.354-384.

3. Matoushek I. Blood groups of cattle / I. Matoushek. - Kiev: Publishing House "Harvest". - 1964 .-- 147 p.

4. Merkuryev E.K. Genetics / E.K. Merkuryeva, Z.V. Abramova, A.V. Bakai, I.I. Kochish. - M.: Agropromizdat. - 1991. - P.308-318.

5. Tikhonov V.N. The use of blood groups in the selection of animals / V.N. Tikhonov. - M .: Kolos. - 1967. - 391 p.

Claims (1)

A method of selecting cattle of Kalmyk breed for meat productivity, characterized in that it includes immunogenetic analysis of blood groups, in which erythrocyte antigens-markers of meat productivity are determined, characterized in that at the age of 6 months, the presence of tall red blood cell antigens-markers is detected in the blood : G2 E′3 R2 and in the presence of productivity markers in the genotype of animals, animals are selected.