RU2496724C2 - Apparatus for finish treatment of coastal sea water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engineering ecology. The apparatus for finish treatment of coastal sea water, which is a sanitary algae plantation, having propylene power cables with diameter of 30-40 mm, held in a horizontal position by wire cables attached to gravity anchors through fastening elements of buoys connected to the power cables. The apparatus is provided with working modules held on the surface for holding fucus algae measuring 2×1.5 m, made from synthetic ropes with diameter of 10-20 mm, which are substrates for the fucus algae. The modules are attached to the propylene power cables or wire cables by floats to enable fastening of the modules in the required position relative the direction of movement of contaminated water depending on weather conditions. The apparatus has vertical ropes attached to the power cables, which are a substrate for drift weed, with length of 5-12 m and equipped with loads which provide their tension.

EFFECT: invention increases the efficiency of finish and preventive treatment of coastal sea water from oil products, toxic metal and household wastes.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and is intended for the purification of surface water in coastal areas of the sea, bays and other areas of possible industrial pollution with oil products (NP), toxic metals including radionuclides (TM) and domestic wastewater, including effluent from agricultural land and farms, by biological treatment of running water using brown algae in combination with hydrocarbon-oxidizing (SVR) microorganisms.

The need to develop such plantations is associated with the fact that the coastal waters of Russia are not only increasingly becoming places of production, transshipment, processing, and transportation of gas condensate and oil products, but also pollution zones by industrial, domestic and agricultural effluents that make these reservoirs incapable of natural self-cleaning , increasing pollution of coastal waters, which are not only breeding zones of many marine organisms, but also recreation areas of the population of nearby settlements.

Of particular interest to our country are the seas of the Arctic shelf (for example, the Barents and White), as well as the seas of other zones, which are highly fertile. In relation to the seas of the Arctic shelf, it is very important that their self-cleaning from hydrocarbons occurs 10-15 times slower than the seas of middle latitudes [1, 2].

A floating algae plantation in the form of a classic plantation, commonly used for growing in the water column on vertically arranged synthetic laminar leads, supplemented by horizontal synthetic ropes used as substrate for growing Fucus, which, unlike kelp, are not susceptible to death after falling into the zone to tatochno dense coating thalli NP (patent RU 2375315 C2, the closest analog). The disadvantage of this patent is that the algal plantation used for its implementation provides water purification only from NP, and for many marine coastal areas the issue of cleaning industrial TM, agricultural and domestic pollution is relevant.

The disadvantages of such a plantation include its unidirectionality, which does not allow it to be reoriented in the event of a change in the direction of the wind or tidal currents, as well as the insufficient length of streamers, which does not provide coverage of the water column, which is necessary for the associated purification of water from biological waste due to oxygen secreted by kelp, and the activity of microorganisms-destructors based along their thalli. Another very significant drawback is the relatively low density of the working medium planted along the substrates of both types of algae and, accordingly, the unjustifiably low efficiency of the plantation.

The task to be solved when creating this device was to develop a device design for the final purification of marine coastal waters, which is a sanitary algae plantation (SVP), populated by brown macrophyte algae, capable of absorbing hydrocarbons NP, TM and biologically active elements of domestic and agricultural effluents, as well as a community of microorganisms that is natural for a given reservoir and capable of decomposing the hydrocarbon components of NP and domestic wastewater to be safe for the environment and benthos in societies.

The technical result of this invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of finishing and prophylactic purification of marine coastal waters from oil products, as well as toxic metals and domestic wastewater, in comparison with known analogues.

The claimed plantation includes propylene ropes with a diameter of 30-40 mm, held horizontally by metal cables attached to gravity anchors through fasteners of floating buoys connected to power ropes, while the device is equipped with surface-mounted working modules for accommodating 2 × Fucus algae 1.5 m, formed from synthetic ropes with a diameter of 10-20 mm, which are substrates for fucus algae attached to propylene power sludge ropes and metal cables by means of kitchen floats, to ensure fastening in the required position of the modules with respect to the direction of movement of contaminated water, depending on weather conditions. The device includes attached to the power ropes vertical ropes-leads, which are a substrate for kelp, a length of 5-12 m, and equipped with loads to ensure their tension.

The underwater part of the kelp, placed on the leads, has either its own weights to ensure the vertical position of the leads, or the loads with which the leads are made in the form of a tubular or corner metal frame.

The device is also equipped with additional gravitational anchors with floats installed more than the gravity anchors, which provide the ability to change the position of the plantation to improve the absorption of pollution and to mount signal buoys to protect the device from collision with ships passing at night.

The bulk of the algae is planted in various ways on the leads, fixed on the main power ropes, while the vertical position of the leads is provided by weights attached to them.

There are options in which instead of gravitational anchors, peripheral frames are also used, which are also held by anchors, to which an entire network of power ropes is attached immediately. Ropes form a fairly flexible system that can withstand wave action. Such systems are usually located in relatively calm bays and are oriented along the direction of the most probable penetration of tidal currents and wind waves generated in the open sea into the area of the SVP installation.

The modules themselves (Fucus and Laminaria) are performed differently. The Fucus module, requiring annual replacement, must be fixed separately from the kelp so that it can always be replaced, for example, in the case of too tight coating of algae NP, which prevents partial absorption and partial oxidation of the NP due to oxygen generated by the lower module. The emergency top module can be transferred to the workshop, where it will be put in order and either washed with a safe detergent composition, or the dead algae will be replaced, after which it can be restored for the subsequent replacement of the next failed module of this type.

To ensure the mobility of the upper module, it can be performed on the basis of a rope with a diameter of 20-30 mm with eyes for fastening directly to the power ropes. It is fundamentally possible to carry them out on the basis of a rigid frame in the form, for example, of a plastic pipe float with fasteners for installation in certain places of power ropes. However, this option is rather cumbersome and more time-consuming both during replacement and for transportation. In addition, it significantly increases the cost of the design, because the kelp module must also have a subsurface frame made of rope for fastening a sufficient number of streamers located at least 30 cm apart from each other. If algae die on one of the streamers, it can be removed and replaced with prepared in advance. The rejection of rigid tubular floats requires a doubling of the number of power cables so that the fastening of both modules does not interfere with one another. In addition, in the case of choosing the latter, a less costly option than other, more expensive, at the same time, maintenance of the SVP is simplified. When using a sufficiently dense shelter from kelp, the most favorable conditions for the functioning of microorganisms in symbiosis with plants are created, which is confirmed in [5].

Figure 1 shows the option of placing the inventive device for the final purification of marine coastal waters in the sea, and Fig. 2 shows the second variant of the inventive device.

The first option: SVP includes two propylene power cables 1, with a working length of 25 m and held in horizontal position by metal cables 2 attached to gravity anchors 3 through fasteners of floating buoys connected to power cables (not shown in the drawing). The device is equipped with surface-mounted working modules 4 for accommodating fucus algae 2 × 1.5 m in size, formed from synthetic ropes with a diameter of 10-20 mm, which are substrates for fucus algae attached to propylene power ropes 1 or metal cables through kitchen floats ( not shown in the devil). On power ropes 1 are fixed vertical ropes-leads 6, which are a substrate for kelp, 5-12 m long, and equipped with weights 7, ensuring their tension.

When preparing a lead 6 m long, which is a single module, the pre-prepared sprouts of Laminaria bongardiana are weaved in 3 plants weighing 15 g together every 25 cm, for a total of 60 plants. Then leads 6 are attached to the power rope 1 every 50 cm, and their total number on 2 ropes is 100 pieces with a total number of plants of 3000 pieces. The total mass of planted plants is 45 kg per rope. With an interwoven mass of 15 g, the initial total mass of plants on each streamer is approximately 900 g.

The second arrangement of the device relates to the design of the SVP, more consistent with that proposed in this application. It also uses a linear tension scheme using gravitational anchors 3 of propylene power ropes 1, characterized in that although they are located approximately in the same way as previously considered, they use a completely different way of forming and attaching to the power ropes modules from a substrate in the form of propylene ropes of various diameters. In this case, two power cables with different depths are used on each side, equipped with metal struts both vertically and horizontally (not shown in the drawing). The fact is that we are talking about dual modules placed between two upper and lower power ropes, one of which is a lattice from a rope with a diameter of 10-20 mm with a power frame from a rope with a diameter of 20-30 mm. This module is designed for Fucus planting, it works in the surface layer of sea water and is attached to the upper power ropes .. The other module has approximately the same upper grid design, which is the basis for attaching laminaria streamers. Thus, both modules turn out to be isolated from each other in case the upper one has to be replaced (which, as the Kola Bay experience shows, is necessary). The inventive device is equipped with signal buoys 8, to protect the SVP from collision with ships and stretch marks 9, holding power ropes 1.

This option allows you to significantly increase the density of the working modules in comparison with the first option, thereby increasing the number of sprouts of Fucus and Laminaria.

Both modules have different roles. Thus, the upper module collects the bulk of the NP film on its thalli, which partially penetrate into the tissues and participate in metabolic processes, and are partially oxidized due to interaction with hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria that live on the surface of kelp thalli, and oxygen released by algae. In turn, the lower module, due to the large area of thalli, creates the conditions for the development of colonies of microorganisms that process dispersed nanopowders due to the unrest, which produce oxygen for the upper module and absorb various types of HM, including radioactive ones. In algae tissues, HMs are captured by alginic acid, creating strong compounds. Both fucus and kelp algae, in addition, absorb the fluorine and nitrogen compounds dissolved in sea water that they need for growth.

Using the proposed invention will improve the efficiency of the process of finishing and preventive treatment of marine coastal waters from oil products, as well as toxic metals and domestic wastes.

List of references

1. Kamenshchikov F.A., Bogomolny E.I. Removal of oil products from the water surface and soil. M. - Izhevsk. 2006.528 s.

2. Serova I.P., Petrov B.C. Oil in ice-bound seas and the use of biotechnologies for the destruction of oil pollution in the Arctic // Arctic seas: bioindication, environmental conditions, bioassay and pollution destruction technology. Apatity. 1993. S. 127-136.

3. Korobkov V.A., Levin B.C. and other underwater technology. L .: Publishing house, Shipbuilding, 1981. 240 p.

4. Makarov V.N., Dzhus V.E., Matishov G.G. and other Scientific and practical aspects of the cultivation of sugar kelp in the Barents Sea. Prep. Apatity: Publishing House of KSC RAS, 1986. 35 p.

5. Ilyinsky V.V. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton: ecology and role in the processes of natural purification of the environment from oil pollution. Abstract. diss. Doct. biol. sciences. Moscow. Moscow State University, 2000.53 s.

6. RF patent No. 2375315 C2 “Method for the purification of marine coastal waters from film and dispersed in the surface water layer of oil products”. The owner of the patent LLC "SIRENA" St. Petersburg.

7. Berezovskaya V.A., Klochkova N.G. Description of the invention to the patent "Method for assessing the level of pollution of the water area" application No. 200015987/13, 03/13/2000 (the corresponding patent Kamch. GTU was canceled on 11/18/2010).

8. Khristoforova N.K. Bioindication and monitoring of heavy metal pollution of sea water. L .: Publishing House of Science, 1989.192 p.

9. Levin B.C., Korobkov V.A. Ecology of the shelf. Problems of fishing for bottom organisms. L .: Publishing house ELMOR, 1998.224 s.

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12. Voskoboinikov G.M. Mechanisms of adaptation, growth regulation and prospects for the use of macrophytes of the Barents Sea. Abstract. diss. Doct. biol. sciences. Murmansk, 2006.446 s.

13. Selivanova O.N. Absorption of toxic elements by some brown algae from contaminated areas of Avacha Bay // Sat. scientific articles on the ecology and environmental protection of Avacha Bay. Petropavlovsk - Tokyo: Publishing. Goskamkamchatecology, 1998. S. 39-45.

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18. Report on research code "2009-1.1-155-070-003" // Hand. Prof. V.V. Potapov. Cam. GTU them. Vitus Bering, 2010.121 s.

Claims (3)

1. A device for the final cleaning of marine coastal waters, which is a sanitary algal plantation, including power propylene ropes with a diameter of 30-40 mm, held in horizontal position by metal cables attached to gravity anchors through fasteners of floating buoys connected to power ropes, while the device is equipped with surface-mounted working modules for placing fucus algae 2 × 1.5 m in size, formed from synthetic ropes with a diameter of 10-20 mm, substrates for fucus algae attached to propylene power ropes or metal cables by means of floaters - kitchens to ensure fastening in the required position of the modules with respect to the direction of movement of polluted water depending on weather conditions, and the device includes vertical ropes attached to power ropes - leads , which are a substrate for kelp, 5-12 m long, and equipped with loads to ensure their tension. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the underwater part of the kelp placed on the leads, either has its own weights to ensure the vertical position of the leads, or the loads with which the leads are made in the form of a tubular or corner metal frame. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with additional gravity anchors with floats installed more than the gravity anchors, providing the ability to change the position of the plantation to improve the assimilation of pollution and to mount signal buoys to protect the device from collision with ships passing at night .

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