RU2496639C2 - Method of processing of domestic and industrial wastes including paper layer with polymer film coating and/or combined film and aluminium foil coating in shortage or absence of water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of domestic and industrial package wastes. Proposed method comprises feed of initial stock from intake bit to working zone, its grinding, disintegration, garneting, separation into paper and aluminium-polymer fractions and removal of said from working zone. Jobs of feed of initial stock from intake bit to working zone, its grinding, disintegration, garneting, separation into paper and aluminium-polymer fractions are executed in one unit, i.e. hammer crusher equipped with discharge funnel designed to discharge uncrushed aluminium-polymer fraction at constant operation of drive motor. The process of charging the initial material and discharging the aluminium-polymer fraction is carried out periodically.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced water consumption.

1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the processing of secondary raw materials and can be used in the processing of household and industrial packaging waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil. The invention can also be used in the pulp and paper industry in the manufacture of paper-based products from recycled materials. Preferably, the present invention can be used to obtain recycled materials in the form of separate (paper and non-paper) fractions from packaging waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, in conditions of shortage or absence of water.

The involvement of these wastes in the secondary circulation allows us to reduce the dependence of paper production on the purchase of more expensive primary raw materials and to achieve significant savings without compromising product quality. For those manufacturers who traditionally use low-grade waste paper in their production, this is an opportunity to improve the formulation and quality of the final products, without incurring additional costs. In the process of processing waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, the non-paper component is represented by a mixture of polyethylene and aluminum films (aluminum-polymer fraction). Agglomerate made from them serves as a good material for injection molding and extrusion molding of products. The presence of silver metal particles in the polymer mass gives the product a look that cannot be achieved with additives. It is well stained in bulk. From it you can make products for construction and household purposes.

A known method of processing paper waste, mainly film-coated waste (RF patent 2019607, priority date 04.06.92), including pre-machining, grinding and sorting, characterized in that the pre-machining is carried out by simultaneously affecting the original paper waste pricking and tearing efforts, before grinding paper waste is treated with steam 60-100 ° C, and grinding is carried out by simultaneous exposure to shear and compression forces.

This method is carried out in a chain of devices. Paper waste is subjected to preliminary mechanical treatment in a ring breaker, after which it is moistened in the chamber by condensation of steam on the surface. Heated and moistened pieces of paper are fed to a twin-screw machine for processing, where they are subjected to compressive and shear forces. Upon leaving the twin-screw apparatus, a homogeneous mass is sent to a centrifugal sorting table for separating fiber and film.

This method requires the use of steam and is carried out in the circuit of the apparatus. The obtained wet cellulose fiber cannot be stored for a long time, but should be used almost immediately in the process of obtaining paper products. This means that the processing process can be organized only in the vicinity of paper production or as one of its stages.

A known method of dry separation of fibrous raw materials from laminated paper waste (and.with. SU 1227746 A1, publ. 04/30/1986).

The method consists in removing metal impurities from the waste, treating it by mechanical shearing of the base paper and film layers, followed by applying a uniform notch on their surface, then crushing it by impact and sifting through a sieve. The material that has passed the sieve is sent for pneumatic separation, and the material that has not passed the sieve is returned to the processing stage by mechanical shear.

This processing method is dry, but its implementation requires a chain of apparatuses.

A known method of industrial extraction of cellulose fiber from household and industrial wastes containing paper (patent FR No. 75 07858 of 03/13/1975).

The method consists in removing metal impurities, removing by means of centrifugation of foreign impurities, pneumatic separation of waste with separation of heavy impurities, separation of a light fraction in a cyclone consisting of paper, plastic and small particles, and final sieving, where paper and plastic are separated by repeated pneumatic separation. To increase the efficiency of the last separation, the starting material is moistened with up to 80% moisture of the paper component. According to this method, it is possible to recycle waste with a characteristic size of not more than 200 mm.

This method is carried out in a device consisting of an iron separator, impact or hammer crusher, at least 2 pneumatic separators with zig-zag air flows installed in series. A sieving apparatus is installed between the separators, and a humidification apparatus is installed before the last pneumatic separation.

This processing method is not a strictly dry method; moreover, it is carried out in a chain of apparatuses.

Closest to the proposed processing method is a method for disposal of a layered film (patent RU 2158182 C2, publ. 27.10.2000).

The method is intended for the disposal of a layered film of many layers made of various materials, by delamination or separation of the layers from each other in several stages. At the first stage, the layered film is cut into many fragments. At the next stage, the separation or separation of the layers is ensured by the impact of frictional forces on each fragment. The paper layer is broken and divided into the smallest fibers, the film and foil are divided into fragments having a size of about 2-6 mm. At the same stage, the separation of paper fiber is carried out due to the occurring centrifugal forces. If necessary, this operation can be repeated several times in a row. At the last stage, due to air separation, fragments of aluminum and film layers are separated. In addition, the fragments of waste to be treated can be washed out with water before and after the step of cutting a layered film or at the stage of impact by friction forces on each of the fragments subjected to processing.

When using this processing method, the removal of film and foil fragments at the stage of separation from the resulting mixture is carried out periodically and requires compliance with the procedure for switching ducts. The main task in the processing of waste from such packaging is, as a rule, the production of paper fiber. The implementation of the process of separation of the film and foil is not profitable due to the low prices of secondary raw materials-film and secondary raw materials-foil. In addition, in any pneumatic separation processes, it is fundamentally impossible to separate the mixture into “absolutely pure” materials. The method at the stages of separation and separation is carried out by compressed air, the supply of which is not in all production rooms. This limits the possibility of widespread application of this method.

The described processing method is implemented in three stages on three different devices connected to each other by transmission devices. At the first stage, a cutting tool with cutters is used. Four rotating cutters are mounted on a horizontal rotor. Two fixed cutters are attached to the main body of the tool. The gap between the cutters is adjustable and set from 0.2 to 0.3 mm. The workspace, with the exception of the input window, is surrounded by a mesh screen with a cell size of 8-10 mm. Outside the screen, a receiver surrounding it is installed at some distance. Fragments passing through the screen accumulate in the space between the screen and the receiver, which is periodically unloaded. The next stage - delamination and separation - is carried out in a disk rod separator. The separator consists of a fixed and movable (rotating) disks, equipped with many fixed rods attached to them at an angle of 90 degrees. The fixed and movable rods are located against each other so that the waste is subjected to the effect of separation and separation due to the impact of the friction forces arising between them. A perforated screen placed around the circumference forms an annular discharge space with holes with a diameter of 0.8 to 2.0 mm. The paper fibers passing through the screen are collected by a fan in a storage tank.

Fragments of the film and aluminum do not pass through the screen, but are discharged from the working chamber through the outlet. The unloading process is carried out periodically. The compressed air supply system can provide a mode of reprocessing the material in the separator. The final stage is sorting with an air stream. A fan is used here, equipped with a cyclone and capable of creating a suction force in the range of 200-500 kg / h. Fragments of the plastic film are separated from the aluminum foil.

The disadvantages of the device when implementing this method of processing is its "bulkiness", expressed in three separate devices, which leads to an increase in operating costs for processing as a whole. The use of the cutting rather than the shock principle of disintegration at the first stage makes the cutting tool vulnerable in the case of domestic waste processing in case of ingress of foreign unbreakable inclusions. The pre-cut material separation apparatus is also vulnerable to foreign inclusions. From the presented description it is clear that the separation at the final stage of the film and aluminum fragments is not complete, therefore, in our opinion, this stage is simply not necessary.

A known method for the disposal of cellulose-containing waste, including laminated and moisture-resistant types of paper and cardboard, is described in patent RU 2177060 C1 of 03.29.2001. In this patent, the crushing of laminated waste products is carried out in air in a hammer mill equipped with hammers with a two-sided bevel on the working surface. The finished crushed product is removed through a chamber under vacuum.

However, this device is not the only one in the processing method, but is an integral part of the apparatus chain.

In addition, in this device there is no separation of the material into fractions.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for processing household and industrial packaging waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, in conditions of shortage or absence of water in order to obtain paper and aluminum-polymer fractions.

The technical result of the present invention is the ability to recycle packaging waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, without the use of water and the possibility of combining all processing operations in one apparatus.

To achieve the named technical result, a dry method for processing household and industrial packaging waste is proposed, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, using advanced hammer crushers.

The proposed processing method consists in a dry method of crushing, sintering and separation of materials.

The proposed processing method is carried out in the following sequence. The advanced hammer mill is switched on at idle. A batch of raw material in the form of household or industrial packaging waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, is placed in the receiving hopper and enters the working area of the crusher. In the working area, it is crushed, stratified, pulled and divided into paper and aluminum-polymer fractions as a result of blows with hammers and blows to the walls of the casing and the unloading grate. The processes of grinding, delamination, sintering and separation occur simultaneously. The crushed and pulverized paper fraction enters the sublattice zone, from where it is removed by a fan. The aluminum-polymer fraction (partially with paper) remains in the working space of the crusher. With the frequency determined by the experimental work, as the aluminum-polymer fraction is accumulated in the working area, the gate of the discharge funnel is opened on the housing and it is unloaded. After that, the gate is closed and the next batch of waste is placed in the receiving hopper.

To implement the described method is proposed using the device is an improved hammer mill, shown in figure 1.

The crusher is a frame (1), on which a housing (2) and an electric motor (3) are mounted on a sub-motor frame with a tensioning device (4). A rotor (5) with six rows of freely suspended shock elements - hammers (6) is installed in the housing. The housing consists of a base and a cover. The upper part of the body is lined with wear-resistant plates. The transmission of movement from the engine to the rotor is carried out by a V-belt transmission. The belt drive is covered by a casing (9). An unloading grill (10) is installed in the lower part of the housing. The grill may have a hole size of 2-5 mm. A funnel is installed in the upper part of the body, in which a metal shutter is mounted, which serves to prevent accidental ejection of pieces of material from the crushing chamber. A fan (7) is mounted on the rotor shaft, which is connected by a pipe (8) to the under-sieve chamber. The presence of a fan provides a vacuum in the working chamber and normal unloading of the finished material. The crusher is equipped with an unloading funnel (11) with a gate (12) at the outer end of the casing to discharge the non-crushed (in this case, aluminum-polymer) fraction from the working space.

The device operates as follows. The source material - household and industrial waste, including a layer of paper with a polymer film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil - is fed into the hopper of the crusher with the rotor running and into the working area. Material in the working area is crushed and pulled as a result of impacts with hammers and impacts on the walls of the body and the discharge grill. In this case, the paper component is separated from the film and foil. The resulting paper fiber passes through the openings of the discharge grate and is removed from the chamber of the under-sieve space using a fan. Finely divided parts of the film and foil fall into the paper fiber, however, the percentage of foreign matter in the paper fiber allows us to consider it as a secondary raw material for the cartoning industry. The aluminum-polymer fraction partially with paper fiber, which did not pass through the grate, is discharged through a funnel at the outer end of the housing. The unloading process is carried out by opening the gate of the funnel without stopping the rotor of the crusher. After closing the gate of the funnel, the feed is resumed. The crusher is equipped with bins for collecting finished products - paper fiber and aluminum-polymer fraction.

The advantages of the present invention are the absence of the need to use water in waste processing, as well as additional means: steam, compressed air, chemicals.

The advantages of the present invention are the absence of the need for liquid waste disposal, as well as the use of equipment necessary for this.

An advantage of the present invention is that the process is carried out in a single apparatus.

An advantage of the present invention is that during the periodic process of loading the starting material and unloading the alumopolymer fraction, the electric motor operates in a constant mode. This means that there is no power consumption for starting and stopping the crusher, i.e. power consumption is minimal.

The resulting paper pulp along the length of the fiber and the amount of foreign impurities is a raw material for the production of technical and roofing boards, as well as raw materials for containers and cushioning materials. The aluminum-polymer fraction is a raw material for construction and household products.

Example.

For processing, industrial waste packaging for drinks “Juice Good” was taken - cuts and edges of packaging paper. The paper is 5-ply and contains one layer of paper, one layer of foil and three layers of polyethylene.

The process was carried out on a crusher with the following characteristics:

rotor diameter - 500 mm,

length - 200 mm

engine power - 11 kW.

the cell size of the discharge grill is 5 mm.

The process was carried out as follows: 1-1.5 minutes after the engine was turned on, a batch of material weighing 3 kg was fed into the chamber. At the same time as the main engine is turned on, a fan starts to work, connecting the working chamber to the under-sieve space. Paper pulp was collected in the sublattice. After 5-6 minutes after the start of the paper pulp collection, a gate was opened on the outer end of the housing, and the alumopolymer fraction entered through the discharge funnel into the collection. It took less than 1 min to unload the aluminum-polymer fraction, after which the gate was closed and the next batch of packaging waste was loaded into the crusher.

Claims (1)

A method for processing household and industrial waste packaging consisting of paper with a polymer and film coating and with a combined coating of film and aluminum foil, comprising supplying the source material from the receiving hopper to the working area, crushing, delaminating, sieving, separation into paper and aluminum-polymer fraction and removal of fractions from the working area, characterized in that the operations of grinding, delamination, separation and separation into paper and aluminum-polymer fractions are carried out in one apparatus - my otkovoy crusher provided with a hopper for discharging alumopolymer not crushable fractions in continuous operation of the motor, wherein the process of loading and unloading of the starting material fraction alumopolymer performed periodically.