RU2496458C2 - Anti-glare glasses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine and medical equipment, namely, to field of optics and electronics, in particular, to glasses for eye protection from action of intensive optical irradiation. Anti-glare glasses contain body, frame with oculars, and modulators of light flow located in the latter. Modulators of light flow contain sequentially placed in direction of light flow diffusion external dialectical protective film, interference light-filter, pates from colorless optical glass, on internal surfaces of which applied are polarised light-filters with applied on their internal surfaces transparent electrodes and nematic liquid crystal, placed between the latter. Electronic circuit, which includes photoreceiving device, which consists of two photo-diodes and amplifier, device for nematic liquid crystal control, which produce signal for switching on and switching off of nematic liquid crystal, impulse former, made with possibility of impulse generation with amplitude 50 V and duration 1-2 ms and its supply on nematic liquid crystal at the moment of impact of optical irradiation of threshold intensity, tact generator, which ensures synchronisation of work of nematic liquid crystal control and impulse former, is mounted on case of glasses.

EFFECT: application of invention makes it possible to increase performance of glasses (10^-4 sec) with optical density in closed condition over 6,0.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of optics and electronics.

The proposed anti-glare glasses can protect a person’s eyes from the blinding and damaging effects of intense optical radiation created by powerful polychromatic sources.

Known anti-glare glasses / 1 / containing eyepieces from two glass substrates with horizontal and vertical transparent electrodes deposited on them, a layer of liquid crystal between them, transparent electrodes connected through control units with lines of photosensitive elements in front of which are mounted cylindrical lenses, respectively, vertically and horizontally.

The incident radiation focuses on the sections of the photosensitive lines, which through the control nodes include the corresponding horizontal and vertical electrodes. The liquid crystal between them darkens, creating a shaded spot on the pupil of the eye.

The main disadvantage of these glasses is that the system that implements it has a sufficiently high complexity of the design and, as a result, low reliability and insufficient degree of protection of the organs of vision.

In anti-glare glasses / 2 / containing a frame with glasses, a protective screen with cells and a shutter matrix of photosensitive elements electrically connected to the protective screen, an infrared eye pupil position sensor was used to control the light flux affecting the eyes, which generates a signal under the influence of infrared radiation from the pupil, which is fed to the control nodes of the shutter matrix and through the lumen formed in it, the radiation enters the matrix of photosensitive elements with subsequent transmitting from it a signal to darken the corresponding cells of the protective screen.

From the above description of the invention follows the conclusion about the complexity of the proposed design of anti-glare glasses. In addition, the proposed glasses do not provide effective protection of the organs of vision from infrared radiation, since infrared radiation reflected from the cornea of the eye and used to generate IR control signals can cause burns to the cornea of the eye.

Closest to the proposed invention are anti-glare glasses / 3 /, containing a housing, a frame with eyepieces, placed in the last light flux modulators, including polarizing filters and a power source, in which, with the aim of automatically adjusting the light flux at the output of the eyepieces, the light flux modulators further comprise transparent substrates placed between polarizing filters with transparent electrodes deposited on their inner surfaces and enclosed between the latter, deposited layers of a photoconductor and a nematic liquid crystal located on their surface and successively located in the direction of propagation of the light flux, with polarizing filters deposited on the outer sides of the substrates.

This invention is taken as a prototype.

The main disadvantage of the proposed glasses is their relatively large inertia, due to the processes of successive operation of the photoconductor and a nematic liquid crystal under the influence of incident optical radiation. The frequency characteristics of the photocells given in / 4 / show that the time to reach the operating mode (reaching maximum sensitivity) is about 0.01 s. In the description of the invention there is no data on the maximum attainable optical density of the light flux modulators in the closed (darkened) state.

In addition, polarizing filters deposited on the outer sides of the substrates are not protected from environmental influences.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of high-speed glasses (~ 10 ^-4 s) with an optical density in the closed state of ≥ 6.0 to protect human organs from the effects of intense polychromatic optical radiation from pulsed light sources with a brightness temperature of from 2000 to 12000 K (light radiation nuclear explosions, lightning radiation, radiation from continuous-wave and Q-switched lasers operating in the UV, visible and near-IR ranges).

This is achieved by a new design of anti-glare glasses and the presence of an electronic control system that provides the necessary speed and choice of operating mode at different levels of ambient light.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of anti-glare glasses, and in Fig.2 - section aa in Fig.1.

Anti-glare glasses (see Fig. 1) contain a housing 1, a frame 2 with eyepieces 3, an electronic control system (ESA) 4, a condensation zone 5, an elastic seal 6 and a fastening belt 7. In the eyepieces 3 there are light flux modulators containing (cm Fig. 2) an external dielectric protective film 8, an interference filter 9, plates of colorless optical glass 10, on the inner surfaces of which are applied polarizing filters 11 with transparent electrodes 12 deposited on their inner surfaces and enclosed between the last ne layer of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) 13, for example made of a material ZLI-2222 "Merck" 3-5 microns thickness defined by dielectric spacers 14.

An electronic control system 4, providing a given optical density at different levels of ambient light, is mounted on the upper part of the glasses body 1.

The developed form of the case of glasses and the presence of a seal ensure their tight fit to the face and exclude the impact on the organs of vision of reflected and scattered radiation, and the existing condensation zone eliminates fogging of the inner surface of the eyepieces.

All elements of the light flux modulators are glued together with a special optical glue.

The electronic control system 4 (see FIG. 3) contains a photodetector (FPU) 15, a clock 16, a control device for nematic liquid crystals 17, output keys 18, voltage converters 19 and 20, a surge driver Un6 21 and an autonomous power supply 22 .

The photodetector 15 consists of two photodiodes and an amplifier with partial or full compensation of the direct current component of the photodiodes located in the housing of the ESA 4. Compensation mode is selected by the switch “Day - Night”.

The clock generator 16 synchronizes the operation of all elements of the electronic control system 4.

The control device nematic liquid crystals 17 generates the necessary signals to turn on and off the NLC 13.

The voltage converter 19 converts a voltage of amplitude 1.5 V into voltage +3 V and -3 V, which are used to obtain an alternating voltage with an amplitude of about 6 V necessary for the normal operation of the NLC.

The Converter 20 is used to obtain a voltage of -50 V, which is necessary to power the pulse shaper "toss" Uпб 21.

The “toss” pulse shaper Uпб 21 generates a voltage pulse with an amplitude of -50 V and a duration of 1-2 ms, which is supplied to the NLC 13 at the time of the appearance of the acting light radiation. Such a pulse amplitude Unb is necessary to obtain the minimum response time of the NLC 13. To maintain the readiness of the NLC 13 for the quick response of the ESA 4 it generates an alternating supply voltage Upp with an amplitude of about 1.5 V for “heating” the NLC 13.

An autonomous source of electrical power 22 is a lithium cell having a low self-discharge current. This and the small current consumption of ESU 4 allow you to operate glasses without maintenance for several years. Switching glasses on and off is carried out by the “On / Off” switch

Points work as follows.

In the absence of exposure to intense radiation NLC 13 are in the off (not darkened) state, the eyepieces 3 in this state are transparent and provide normal visibility of surrounding objects. When optical radiation of threshold intensity appears on the input windows of the FPU 15, the latter generates a signal that is fed to the “surge voltage generator” Upp 21 of the control system 4 of the NLC 13. In this case, the NLC 13 is turned into a closed (darkened state for a time ≤ 10 ^-4 s ) Its optical density increases from 0.5 to 6.0. After the termination of the effect of optical radiation on the input windows of the FPU 15, the control system 4 with a small additional predetermined delay removes the voltage Uпб from the NLC 13, turning them off (turning into a transparent state). That is, the transparency of the NLC 13 is reduced only for the duration of the existence of external intense optical radiation, providing protection of the organs of vision from the blinding and damaging effects of light radiation.

Two samples of anti-glare glasses were manufactured and tested at the institute, which showed that:

1. The tested samples are resistant to light radiation. When the irradiation pulse ≤ 6 cal / cm ² they maintained their health, a given speed (≤ 10 ^-4 s) and a given level of protection (increase in optical density up to 6.0);

2. The on-time (dimming) of the anti-glare glasses was 85-100 μs;

3. The optical density of the eyepiece of the glasses in the visible region of the spectrum in the on (darkened) state is 6.0-6.3.

List of sources used

1. Patent for the invention No. 2036496, 05/27/1995.

2. Patent for invention No. 2273039, 05/07/2002.

3. Patent for invention No. 1005787, 03/23/1983.

4. W. Danelep Introduction to the physics of semiconductors, M., 1959.

Claims (3)

1. Anti-glare glasses containing a case, a frame with eyepieces, located in the last light flux modulators, characterized in that the light flux modulators further comprise an external dielectric protective film, an interference filter, plates made of colorless optical glass, sequentially arranged in the direction of propagation of the light flux the inner surfaces of which are coated with polarizing filters with transparent electrodes deposited on their inner surfaces and closed a layer of a nematic liquid crystal between the latter, and an electronic circuit is mounted on the case of the glasses, including a photodetector consisting of two photodiodes and an amplifier, a nematic liquid crystal control device that generates a signal for turning the nematic liquid crystal on and off, and a pulse shaper configured to generation of voltage pulses with an amplitude of 50 V and a duration of 1-2 ms and its supply to a nematic liquid crystal at the time of exposure to optical radiation threshold intensity exercises, a clock generator that provides synchronization of the operation of the nematic liquid crystal control device and the pulse shaper. 2. Glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the nematic liquid crystals are made of 3-5 microns thick, for example, from ZLI-2222 Merck material. 3. Glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the case of glasses contains an elastic sealant, which ensures their tight fit to the skin of the face.

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