RU2495373C1 - Laser level on plummet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: proposed laser level on a plummet comprises a laser pointer or a laser direction indicator, fixed on a thread with the possibility of its sliding, and also a weight fixed on the thread in the form of a humming top made as capable of rotation.

EFFECT: possibility is provided to produce an accurate horizontal line in rooms at any height.

3 dwg

Description

Since ancient times, people around the world have used the simplest instruments for determining and drawing horizontal and vertical lines: hydraulic levels (alcohol level) - a bar with an alcohol flask where there is an air bubble; spirit levels - a hose with graduated flasks, where water is poured; plumb - a thread with a load. In the modern world, people are trying to improve these devices: in the hydraulic levels, trims are made of various materials, the flasks with an air bubble themselves are bent at different angles or replace these flasks with electronic devices; in spirit levels, hoses and flasks are made of various materials, including transparent ones, with various grades; in plumb lines, the thread is made of synthetic materials, and the load can be of various configurations. If the distances are large, then people use optical levels and theodolites, but these devices are not applicable at small distances indoors.

Level (level) - an optical-mechanical geodetic device for geometric leveling, that is, determining the height difference between several points. The construction laser level, unlike the optical level, differs by the marking methods necessary for builders. Laser level - an electronic-mechanical device that uses the principle of rotation of the laser beam. The main advantage of the laser level is its ease of operation, the ability to carry out work only by one person, and to bring it into working condition it is necessary to assemble and configure it. Using a laser beam, the laser level creates a visible horizontal line or plane. Many laser levels are equipped with a special device - a compensator, which serves to automatically support the axis of the device in the working position, i.e. self-leveling. According to the principle of operation, all laser levels can be divided into two main groups: building planes (or static levels) and rotating (rotational) levels. In the first group, the levels are considered more accurate, since several prisms are used in these devices, and there are no rotating parts. Because of this, their weight is much less, and compactness is higher. Rotational laser levels - this is when the laser beam is in rotation or scan mode. One of the main advantages of these devices is the visible plane with a range of 360 ° around the tool. The laser plane creates an initial horizon that can be used simultaneously by everyone working in a given room, for example, when pouring floor screed, installing windows and doors, laying tiles, installing suspended ceilings, etc. This provides the necessary accuracy, significantly improves productivity and ease of use. Rotational levels with an invisible laser beam, as well as instruments with a visible beam, are widely used in laser systems for automated control of machines. Using such systems, the construction equipment operator can easily control the position of the excavator bucket, bulldozer knife or grader relative to the working mark, which is determined by the laser level.

All these devices can be mounted on a tripod, suspended on the wall, mounted directly on the floor or stand.

Laser plummet and level, laser level and rotary laser, laser marker and builder, laser roulette and range finder - all these names are related to the modern and effective tool used in the breakdown of land, construction of buildings, decoration of premises, installation of communications. These devices allow you to build a basic horizontal, vertical or inclined plane, directly on the wall, floor, ceiling. A perfectly even laser beam successfully replaces the usual plumb line, spirit level, metal square, building cord or cord, and even tape measure, especially at distances up to 200 meters.

At the heart of all modern laser levels is a laser LED, which is a point source of light. Separately from the device, the LED can be correlated with a laser pointer or a laser direction indicator. Using a laser LED in conjunction with a variety of mechanical and optical-electronic devices, designers of laser levels achieve the ability to build directions and planes, as well as bring them to the horizon or other working position. The use of laser equipment is limited only by the fact that in bright sunlight the laser beam is visible at a distance of 15 m.

In laser levels, as well as in LED flashlights, called laser pointers, a portable generator of visible and coherent and monochromatic electromagnetic waves is used in the form of a narrow beam (red beam). To organize radiation into a narrow beam, as a rule, a biconvex lens is inserted into the collimator (a brass tube where the lens and the laser LED itself are located). The simplest laser pointer is a functional keychain for wearing with keys made in China. It has two operating modes: LED flashlight and laser pointer (red beam), and the beam of the pointer shines at a distance of 200 m.

But modern laser levels (like optical levels) need to be fixed and installed on something (they are sold with tripods in the kit). Ideally, the floor or base should be rigid, and the swivel joint with the tripod should not have any play. But often the laser level itself (or the laser level on a tripod) has to be installed on a wooden floor (or a stand mounted on a wooden floor), which is subject to vibration, so no one should walk, work or create any kind of vibration during the horizontal line. Another significant drawback of the laser level is that it can be used to beat off a horizontal line at the distance from the floor on which the laser level is installed, and then manually transfer this line to the desired location. In addition, it takes time to install and configure the laser level. And the main drawback, due to the complexity of the design, is the high price of a well-made laser level and tripod.

To carry out interior finishing work inside buildings and structures, such a tool is needed that: would not give an error from external influences (floor or base vibrations, other people's work), would be as simple as possible to assemble and install, would make it possible to get a horizon line to any height from the floor and would give the most accurate indicators, and most importantly, that its cost was minimal.

Of all the above devices in the world, the simplest, oldest, cheapest and most accurate is a simple plumb, but it has one significant drawback - you can’t use twisted thread in it because twisting and twisting the thread affects the load, usually from a pointed metal cylinder or cone, giving it not only rotational, but also oscillatory movements, which makes the process of accurate determination, measurement and drawing a vertical line impossible.

The present invention proposes to turn this disadvantage of a simple plummet into its advantage, namely, for the manufacture of a "laser level on a plummet" it is necessary: twisted thread, i.e. a loop of thread (the length of the loop is slightly less than the height of the room) of any material (sewing thread, nylon thread for weaving nets, fishing line, etc.) that can spin and unwind itself, and have the load in the form of a “jule” (spinning top, jule - a toy for children and adults, which, in general, during rotation remains stable at one fulcrum, which rotates and does not fall, this is the simplest example of a gyroscope, which is the most important element of a number of navigation devices), consisting of a plastic “jule” with a thick metal ring ( see paragraph 23. Fig.3.), which during rotational movements will not have oscillatory movements. It is necessary to put on a laser pointer on the thread itself, but in such a way that the laser pointer freely slides along the loop of the thread from the upper end of the loop to the lower, where the load is located in the form of a “jule” cargo.

As an option, it is possible to use a ready-made laser pointer: positioning it vertically, but complementing it with a triangular prism to deploy the red beam at 90 ° (see point 1, figure 1.), Or placing it horizontally, at right angles to the thread (see item 1, figure 2.). On a functional keychain (laser pointer) for wearing with keys made by the People's Republic of China - it is necessary to put on a piece of hose (metal or plastic hollow cylinder) (see paragraph 4. Fig. 1., 2.) with holes for the thread loop and the power button (see paragraph 2., 3. figure 1., 2.), passing the loop thread between the hose and the body of the laser pointer. To fix the wire ring on the upper end of the loop of the thread, in the form of a key ring (see p.18. Fig. 1, 2., 3.), and to hang the load in the form of “yule” cargo on the lower end of the loop of the thread. But such a design may have, albeit minimal, errors.

In order to reduce these errors from the minimum air resistance, centrifugal forces, or the inaccuracy of finding the center of gravity of the laser pointer, it is necessary to use only the collimator itself (a brass tube), where the lens is located and the laser LED itself used in the laser pointer, placing it perpendicular to the thread, with a current source, either in the form of tablet-batteries inserted in a vertical case, or finger-type batteries (see clause 8, Fig. 3), to increase the life of the device by placing them in parallel with the thread and with the father adjusting them relative to the thread. The plastic case itself (from recycled plastic) consists of two halves with compartments for the collimator and batteries, on one half, with a groove for passing the loop thread (see paragraph 6. Fig. 3.) and, on the other half, with a wedge, locking thread (see p. 7. Fig.3.). This vertical plastic case, at the exit point of the red beam, must be equipped with a cylindrical lens to deploy the beam into a plane, turning which along its axis at any angle it is possible to get many parallel lines at any angle (see paragraph 10. Fig. 3.) or a cap protecting the lens in the collimator from dust.

In the interior of buildings and structures, as a rule, ceilings are less susceptible to any vibrations, moreover, on the ceilings in their center, as a rule, there are chandeliers that are attached in different ways to the ceilings. Therefore, we simply put the device ring on a screw simply screwed into the ceiling (hook for a chandelier, a wire inserted into the hole in the ceiling, on a screw for a chandelier or wire for a chandelier) (see paragraph 15., 16., 17. fig. 1., 2., 3.) to which the loop of the thread is attached (see paragraph 19. Fig. 1, 2., 3.), and the longer the loop of the thread, the more accurate the indicators. We measure the distance from the ceiling (or from the floor) to the place where it is necessary to draw a horizontal line and at the same distance we lower (or raise) the plastic body of the "laser level on a plumb line" along the thread. For the lower thickening of the “yule” cargo (see p. 25. Fig. 2, 3.) we untwist the “yule”, and the loop of the thread begins to twist, and the plastic case of the “laser level on a plumb line” also comes into rotational motion, displaying on walls (or other surfaces) a clearly visible horizontal line around the room, and any deviations of the plumb line from the vertical will be immediately noticeable on the walls. It is only necessary to stop any minimal swaying of the thread, after which it remains only to fix this horizontal line with a pencil on the walls (or other surfaces), and to prepare and configure this device for operation (you only need to fix the ring, install the plastic “laser level on a plumb” housing on the required height and spin the “yule” load for the lower thickening) a minimum of time has been spent and other people, at this time, can perform any work.

In this device, the "laser level on a plumb line", the main cost falls on the plastic "yule", made of recycled plastic, with a thick metal ring soldered into it and power sources. Thus, for the minimum price we get the simplest, most accurate device with which you can, as a simple plumb line, get the exact vertical line, and get the exact horizontal line at any desired height.

Explication of positions to figures

(Executed on a 1: 1 scale)

1. Laser pointer - a functional keychain for carrying with keys made in China

2. Power button for LED flashlight

3. Button to turn on the laser pointer (red beam)

4. A piece of transparent plastic hose

5. Half vertical housing

6. Groove for passing the loop thread in a vertical housing

7. Wedge locking thread in a vertical housing

8. Finger batteries

9. The collimator (brass tube) with a lens and a laser LED

10. Cylindrical lens or cap

11. Triangular prism for deploying a red beam at 90 °

12. Plate for turning on the laser pointer

13. Red beam of the laser LED

14. Ceiling hole for chandelier wires

15. Chandelier wires

16. Screw chandelier

17. Chandelier Hook

18. The wire ring attaching the upper thread loop

19. Thread loop

20. Bottom of the loop of the thread for the hinge of the load - "yula"

21. The wire ring attaching the lower thread loop

22. Metal cargo - “yule”

23. The metal ring in the cargo - "yule"

24. Plastic cargo - "yule"

25. The lower thickening of the cargo - "yule"

26. Notch under the fingers

27. Staples to compress the ends of the transparent hoses

28. Direction of putting on a transparent hose.

Claims (1)

A plumb line laser used in indoor construction, containing a laser pointer or a laser direction indicator giving an even laser beam (a red dot or a straight line on the wall), not rigidly, casually attached to a simple plumb line with a load in the form of a “yule” so that using the level you can have an exact horizontal line at any height in the rooms.

Images