RU2492356C1 - Method to convert energy of air or water flow currents and power plant for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for conversion of energy of air or water flow currents is characterised by usage of a spring 8, with which a wing 1 or an airfoil is connected kinematically via a movable axis. The wing 1 or the airfoil is connected with the spring 8 with a sling 4. Directly near the wing 1 the sling 4 is equipped with auxiliary rear and front bridles 5 and 6. The bridles 5 and 6 limit the attack angle from the minimum to the maximum position by means of movement of the axis relative to the centre of forces application, creating a torque, which in its turn results in change of the attack angle and sling 4 tension.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced material intensity, increased manufacturability and as a result lower specific cost of a generated kW*hr of electric energy.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in wind energy or hydropower plants to generate electricity or to perform mechanical work [F03B 3/12, F03B 7/00, F03B 3/02].

The prior art device is known that converts wind energy into electrical energy with the transfer of mechanical work to a working body oscillating (RU 2142572, IPC F03D 5/06, publ. 10.12.1999). A disadvantage of the known converter is that it has a complex structure. In addition, to obtain useful work requires a large pressure head of the fluid. Also known is a wind energy converter acting on a tethered aircraft, with the transfer of mechanical work to a working body that performs oscillatory motion (RU 2109981, F03D 5/06, publ. 04/27/1998). The known Converter contains an aircraft that holds the cable, a working body that performs a reciprocating motion, and a mechanism that performs useful work. The known converter allows the use of air flows, usually blowing at altitude. The disadvantage of this solution is the constructive complexity of kinematic relationships. The mechanism for transmitting wind movement to the working body has a complex structure and can quickly fail.

A known power plant for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, containing a power take-off shaft with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile is connected kinematically through a cable transmission, guided into the stream in the direction of its movement (WO 2008034421, published March 27, 2008). This decision was made as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this solution is the difficulty of connecting the wing with the power take-off shaft, which leads to the presence of large mechanical losses due to resistance to movement of the cable-block transmission elements.

The closest solution is a patent for a wind energy converter [RU 2380569, F03D 05/06, publ. 2010] into electrical energy containing an aircraft with a holding cable, a working body that performs reciprocating movements, and a mechanism that does useful work, characterized in that the aircraft is made in the form of a body lighter than air with an aerodynamic profile and has a lower spherical and flat the upper surface, the lower side of the aircraft is articulated with the cable using three rails diverging from the cable, in the lower part the cable passes through a rigidly fixed funnel-shaped receiver with wide the part facing the aircraft below the funnel-shaped receiver, the cable is articulated with a winch, the working body and the mechanism that performs useful work are made in the form of an electric generator with translational movement of the armature articulated with the cable below the funnel-shaped receiver using a clamp and a compression-tension spring, wherein the compression-tension spring with its lower end is rigidly connected to a fixed surface.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the oscillation parameters of the aircraft (aircraft) are not adjustable. They arise (allegedly) spontaneously due to changes in wind speed. As a result, self-oscillations with the given parameters are not provided.

The aerodynamic force acting on the aircraft changes little (assuming that it changes), since the aircraft is almost spherical. Positive work, as the difference between the forward and reverse runs, is negligible, which ensures low efficiency.

There are no conditions for the occurrence of self-oscillations, since there is no feedback.

The objective of the invention is to provide a wind energy converter having a relatively simple structure, more reliable than a prototype, and capable of converting wind energy with greater efficiency for generating electricity or performing mechanical work.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design, reducing metal consumption, increasing manufacturability and, as a result, sharply reducing the unit cost of the generated kW * hour of electricity.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, characterized by the use of a spring, with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile kinematically connected with a sling through a movable axis, characterized in that the wing or aerodynamic profile is connected with a spring sling , and directly at the wing the sling is equipped with auxiliary rear and front slings (bridles), which limit the angle of attack from minimum to max ceiling elements by moving the position of the axis relative to the center of application of force, creating a torque which in turn causes a change in angle of attack and the tension straps.

An energy installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, containing a spring, with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile is driven kinematically connected to the stream in the direction of its movement, characterized in that the wing or aerodynamic profile is connected to this spring by a sling, which in the immediate vicinity of the wing has additional short slings (bridles), made with the possibility of limiting the angle of attack of the wing in a given range, also contains a device for controlling the angle of attack, made with the ability to change the angle of attack of the wing from minimum to maximum, moving with the help of the bridles the axis of attachment of the main sling relative to the center of application of aerodynamic forces, and thus providing the occurrence of self-oscillations.

These features are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

Distinctive features of the invention in comparison with the prototype are as follows.

The oscillation parameters of the aircraft (aircraft) are determined by the geometric characteristics of the wing and can vary, for example, by the length of the bridles. This reliably provides self-oscillations with the given parameters, which is not in the prototype.

The difference in the aerodynamic forces of the forward (working) stroke with a large angle of attack differs sharply from the reverse stroke with a small angle of attack. Those. moving against the wind with an edge or the entire plane is a big difference. Thus, the positive work, as the difference between the forward and reverse operation is much higher than in the prototype, which provides a significantly greater efficiency.

The wing is controlled by changing the position of the axis of attachment of the central sling around the center of application of forces. The axis of attachment of the slings to the wing is moved into the groove with the help of bridles thrown through the rollers on the wing and attached to the same axis.

The invention is illustrated by a specific example, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the above set of features of the required technical result.

Figure 1 shows a general view of a power plant for an aerodynamic profile in the form of a kite, where 1 is a wing (aerodynamic profile, kite), 2 is an angle of attack control device (УУУА) rigidly connected to the wing (kite) in the center of application of aerodynamic forces , 3 - spacer, 4 - sling, 5 - front bridle, 6 - back bridle, 7 - hinge for connecting the sling to the spring, 8 - spring.

Figure 2 shows a device for controlling the angle of attack (UUAA). Unstable neutral position. Any deviation of any parameter leads to a sharp change in the angle of attack in one direction or another, where 9 is the frame, 10 is the slot in the frame, 11 is the axis that freely moves in the slot, to which both slings and bridles are movably mounted, 12 the front roller through which the front bridle is thrown (5), 13 the rear roller through which the rear bridle is thrown (6).

Figure 3. An external disturbance has occurred. For example, a slightly stronger wind blew in the lower half of the wing. There is a torque counterclockwise. The lower bridle, after a certain angle of rotation, will stretch and pull the axis to the right and down with the sling attached to it.

Figure 4. At the point of attachment of the frenum to the ridge, a kink will occur due to the tension of the frenum. And as soon as this slightest tension of the bridle arises, the axis will immediately go to the right. As. on the right, the bridle tension acts on it, and on the left, the “fallen” bridle “does not pull”. The axis will move to the right until the torque disappears (not necessarily extreme, but maybe also an intermediate location in the gap), but the wing will continue to rotate clockwise by inertia until the axis rests against the limiter. Or it may not reach the limiter at all, since the torque starts acting in the opposite direction. The moment of the beginning of rotation in the opposite direction depends on many initial data.

Figure 5. Dead end, the axis rested against the edge of the slot. This is the minimum angle of attack. The counterclockwise movement has stopped. The area of the wing in front of the axis of attachment was larger than the abrasion. The moment acts clockwise, a similar process begins, but already clockwise.

6. The wing moves clockwise, first because the center of application of aerodynamic forces appeared in front of the axis of attachment, and then also by inertia to the position of the maximum angle of attack, although an opposing moment has already arisen. The lower back bridle is relaxed.

Then the process will be repeated. The parameters of self-oscillations will depend on the set of initial data, in particular on the geometric dimensions (length of the frenum, size of the slot, etc.). The same geometric parameters can be used to change the parameters of self-oscillations (duration, period, frequency, and even the shape of the meander).

The tension force of the slings at the maximum angle of attack will be greater than at the minimum. Therefore, in one half-cycle, the sling will pull more than in the second.

7. A similar operation of a power plant in a water stream is shown, where 14 are guide rollers, 15 is a float for setting the desired depth, 16 is an anchor, 17 is an anchored fixed barge.

The invention provides the conversion of oscillatory movements of the wing into oscillations of the tension force of the slings, which can be used to perform mechanical work (for example, to actuate the pump) or converted into electrical energy with minimal material consumption and with maximum simplicity and reliability of the power plant design.

An energy installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows (Fig. 1) to a spring 8, with which the wing 1 or the aerodynamic profile kinematically connected to the flow is connected. It is possible to use an inflatable wing lighter than air.

The wing 1 (or aerodynamic profile) is connected with the spring 8 of the sling 4, and the sling is attached to the movable axis, which can freely move near the point of application of aerodynamic forces in the slot 10 (Figure 2), creating through the bridle 5 and 6 (Figure 2) positive feedback and thus providing conditions for the occurrence of self-oscillations of the entire system.

Thus, at the maximum angle of attack, the tension of the slings will be maximum, and at the minimum angle of attack, the tension of the slings will be minimum. Point “A” in the hinge of the slings to the spring will also have self-oscillations, which can be used to obtain mechanical work or further conversion to electricity .

Thus, the present invention provides the possibility of obtaining power take-off from the energy of a water or air flow of a medium using a simple kinematic design. The present invention is industrially applicable, as it can be manufactured by known technologies.

Claims (2)

1. A method of converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, characterized by the use of a spring, with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile kinematically connected with a sling through a movable axis is characterized in that the wing or aerodynamic profile is connected to the spring with a sling, and the sling is equipped directly with the wing auxiliary back and front slings (bridles), which limit the angle of attack from minimum to maximum position by moving the axis relative to center of application of forces, creating a torque, which in turn leads to a change in the angle of attack and the tension of the slings. 2. An energy installation for converting the energy of the flow of air or water flows, containing a spring, with which a wing or an aerodynamic profile introduced into the stream in the direction of its movement is kinematically connected, characterized in that the wing or aerodynamic profile is connected with this spring by a sling, which is in close proximity to the wing has additional short slings (bridles), configured to limit the angle of attack of the wing in a given range, also contains a device for controlling the angle of attack, made e with the ability to change the angle of attack of the wing from minimum to maximum, moving with the help of the bridles the axis of attachment of the main sling relative to the center of application of aerodynamic forces, and thus providing the occurrence of self-oscillations.

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