RU2492294C1 - Pipe concrete pile with reinforced base and method of its erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: pipe concrete pile with a reinforced base comprises an outer metal shell in the form of a pipe with a reinforcement frame made of longitudinal reinforcement rods arranged along the shell contour, filled with concrete. The outer metal pipe shell is made as non-extracted. The pipe-concrete pile additionally comprises a reinforcing element formed from an inner pile, made of a cylindrical part and a driven tip in the form of a truncated cone, and an expansion element formed from a concrete structure of cylindrical shape, divided into segments with the possibility of their displacement in radial direction with a rotation around the horizontal axis, and combined in a mounting position with an inner pile. The inner diameter in the upper part of the expansion element is more than the inner diameter in the lower part.

EFFECT: reduced material intensity and labour intensiveness, higher manufacturability and reliability of design.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to piling structures, and can be used in the construction of pile foundations in the construction of buildings and structures, and above all - bridge piers built on soft soils, primarily on soils of river or sea water areas.

Known pile shell intermediate support bridge rack type (options), containing a metal shell in the form of a pipe, filled with concrete with a reinforcing cage made of longitudinal reinforcement rods located along the contour of the shell, and spiral reinforcement entwined around them, and to eliminate capillary water lift additionally containing a waterproof screen in the freezing zone of the soil from the waterproofing material of the Penetron system, made by injection into the cavity of the pile-shell through the holes a metal shell which are then plugged, (RF patent for PM №78223, IPC E01D 19/04).

However, in this design of the pile, a hinge is created in the most stressed section of the pile, in the zone of maximum bending moments, which does not contribute to its stability and strength. In addition, the integrity of the pile is violated, which is unacceptable.

A pile-shell of an intermediate support of a bridge of a standing type is known, containing a metal shell in the form of a pipe filled with concrete with a reinforcing cage made of longitudinal reinforcement rods located along the contour of the casing and spiral reinforcement entwined around them, and in order to reduce the static pressure of crystallized water on the walls of the metal shell from the inside additionally containing ropes of porous material located inside the reinforcing cage and attached to the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement along the dogo rod and the central tube of elastic material filled with a porous material. In this case, the central pipe is reinforced with metal wire, filled with polyurethane foam and made of rubberized nylon, (RF patent for PM No. 633367, IPC E01D 19/14).

However, in this construction of the pile, it is assumed that the water to the reinforcement is capillary, which can result in active corrosion of the reinforcing bars. In addition, the integrity of the pile is also violated, which is unacceptable.

The type of foundation pile is also known, at the lower end of which there is a sole broadening the base of the pile.

For example, a injection-injection pile with widening of injection in weak water-saturated soils is known, the upper vertical part of which is a reinforced concrete element with a reinforcing cage reinforced with rings attached on the inside of the cage. The lower broadened part is formed inside an elastic shell, consisting of a garland of seamless shells made of natural or synthetic rubber latexes. (Melnikov B.N., Bogomolov V.A. “Recommendations for the calculation, design and construction of foundations from injection piles (including widening)”, Sverdlovsk, 1983).

The disadvantage of this design of the pile is an uncontrolled form of broadening of the pile, as well as the limited small diameters of the pile. In general, for this design, the scope is limited by the conditions of the geological structure of soils.

An injection pile is also known (RF patent for IZ No. 2238366, IPC E02D 5/34, 5/44, 7/46) which is formed in the form of a vertical rod with a wavy side surface and includes a perforated injection pipe with flanges fixed along its entire length and a conical tip, the base of which is larger than the diameter of the injection pipe and equal to the diameter of the flange. The injection pipe left in the body of the arranged pile is a supporting element and at the same time serves as a reinforcement. The specified pile is also arranged without extracting soil. To do this, longitudinal grooves are cut on the walls of the well, the indentation of the tip, grooving of the grooves and immersion of the injection pipe are carried out simultaneously, while providing a gap between the wall of the formed well and the injection pipe having perforation along the entire length, and hardening material is injected.

However, the design of the pile and the method of its construction do not allow reinforcing the pile for the perception of bending moments.

Also known is the construction of pile foundations and a shell for creating a widened sole in which said sole has an outer layer of molding material and an inner concrete core in which a reinforcing device is laid, said reinforcing device being connected to said structure by means of several connecting means. The reinforcing device may be a block with a number of protruding elements that can enter concrete and thus be fixed in it, which will increase the strength of the widened sole. In another example implementation of the claimed invention, reinforcing branches are formed by a network of rods and / or wire. In this case, the shell, providing the formation of a widened sole, has several discharge openings on its outer surface (RF patent for IZ No. 2346112 IPC E02D 5/44).

The disadvantage of this design of the pile is also an uncontrolled form of broadening of the base of the pile, and the limited scope under the conditions of the geological structure of soils. In addition, the combination of an external casting shell and a concrete core will lead to capillary suction on the contact surfaces and to corrosion of concrete.

Known pile made of jointly immersed in the ground of the outer and inner pipes having open ends, with the extraction of one of the pipes made continuously, characterized in that the inner pipe is removable, and the outer pipe is perforated with holes in the places of the pipe, weakened by mechanical or corrosion defects, and used as supporting reinforcement. During the construction of piles, the outer and inner pipes are simultaneously immersed. Hardening material is rammed through the inner tube. After the formation of the broadening from the hardening material under the lower edge of the outer pipe, the inner continuous pipe is lifted, opening holes in the outer perforated pipe. The rammer again compacts the hardening material, while the hardening material penetrates through the holes, forming broadening along the side surface of the pile and filling the inner cavity of the outer pipe. Consistently repeating the compaction cycle with the rise of the inner pipe until it is completely removed, the pile shaft is formed from hardening material, in which the outer pipe becomes a supporting reinforcement. (patent for IZ No. 2186905).

However, in this design, the outer shell is not included in the work of the pile section, that is, the pile is bored, and not pipe-concrete. And at the same time, this pile cannot be installed in flooded soils, in the water area. As a result, it is impossible to lay concrete with thrombosis in the presence of water in the cavity (and water will be required).

The indicated analogues of the construction of piles have the following features common with the claimed solution: the presence of an external metal pipe; the presence of a reinforced concrete element with a reinforcing cage, the implementation of piles with broadening in the lower part.

Unlike analogs, in the claimed design of the pile, pipe concrete is used as the material, the metal pipe - the sheath is included in the operation of the pile, and the broadened part of the pile is made in the form, for example, of four concrete ring segments that are dumped into the pipe in the mounting position, and then opened and forming a wide heel with the effect of compaction of the soil of the base under the influence of shock load. In this case, an unremovable metal pipe-shell with a diameter in a wide range (depending on the load transferred to it, from 800 mm to 2020 mm) together with the concrete core is included in the work of bending piles and compressive (pulling) loads. In addition, the filled cavity of the pile is drained and filled with heavy concrete dry with vibration, and not by the VPT method and not by injection.

A known method of driving a pipe-shaped pile into the soil and concluding it in concrete, which comprises the stages in which the pile shoe is attached to the lower end of the pile pipe to be driven into the soil to create a pipe-like pile, hammer the pile pipe into the soil by means of pulsed force; fill the interior of the pile pipe with concrete mass, drive the pile pipe deeper into the ground using pulsed force, so that the concrete mass passes through the through holes around the pile pipe and up into the cavity formed in the soil by the pile shoe; add the specified concrete mass into the inner space of the pile pipe and hammer the pipe-shaped pile further into the ground by means of a pulsed force alternately with the addition of concrete mass into the inner space of the pile pipe. (RF patent for IZ No. 2236505).

However, this method does not provide sufficient resistance to bending, since it is not possible to reinforce the periphery of the section. In addition, using this method, it is impossible to increase the bearing capacity of piles by creating a broadened heel and strengthening the soil at the base.

There is a method of creating a pile foundation for structures, according to which the following steps are performed to create the foundation at the place of work: using the first auger drill, drill a hole into which the foundation pipe is installed, drill the next section under the lower end of the installed foundation pipe, in the specified section a cavity is made by means of a scraper and pressure of a water stream, loose soil is removed from the specified cavity by the indicated first auger drill, through the foundation pipe into the lower part of the specified the pipe is lowered for a set of tools and fixtures, in which a second screw auger is placed and a flexible shell covering the lower part of the specified second screw auger is pressurized in the specified shell and injection material is injected into the cavity, the excess of which is then removed by the second screw auger, after the specified material has hardened, the specified shell is blown off and removed through the specified foundation pipe, the reinforcing device is lowered into the foundation pipe, into the foundation pipe of the bay t concrete material, wherein said cavity is filled and said reinforcement unit lay in the concrete, creating a broadened foundation sole for pipes (RF patent on OF №2346112).

However, this method can only be used for piles with a small diameter (600-700 mm). In addition, the pile according to this method does not perceive bending moments, since it is devoid of reinforcement along the contour.

A known method of manufacturing embedded reinforced piles in the soil, comprising forming a well in the ground with a reinforced casing pipe, filling it with a hardening composition, introducing reinforcement and compacting the composition and ramming it into the soil, removing the casing pipe, characterized in that the hardening composition is compacted and rammed into the soil produced by introducing into it after removing the casing by clogging the reinforcement in the form of a pipe with a closed lower end. Casing can also be removed after the solidifying compound is fully loaded over the entire length of the well. After that, the well is injected into the well filled with the hardening composition by clogging the reinforcement in the form of a pipe with supports with a diameter less than the diameter of the well. The introduction of the pipe into a well filled with a hardening composition is performed, for example, by impact on it from a pneumatic punch installed on the upper end of the pipe. Under the action of impacts, the pipe is immersed in the well, compacting and ramming the hardening composition into the soil walls (RF patent for IZ No. 2181410).

However, this method does not provide a high bearing capacity of the pile due to the inability to form a broadening of the sole, and also because of the material, the pile, which is not pipe concrete.

In these analogues of the method of constructing piles, there are the following features common with the claimed solution: formation in the soil of the well; strengthening it; introduction of reinforcement; introduction of concrete composition; compaction of concrete in the ground.

In contrast to the known analogues, in the claimed solution, instead of a removable casing pipe, an unextractable metal shell pipe is introduced, which is included in the work of the entire pile structure and becomes part of the overall composite section, consisting of a reinforced concrete core reinforced with non-tensile reinforcement, enclosed in a steel sleeve of the shell pipe . In addition, they perform positioning by coordinates, excavation along with the immersion of the steel shell, lowering the reinforcing element into the bottom of the drilled well and immersing the reinforcing element in the base of the well. The introduction of the reinforcing cage is accompanied by pumping water from the bottom of the well. Concreting of the well is carried out with vibration compaction of the concrete pump from the surface of the water area.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base and improve the technology of its manufacture.

The fulfillment of the task provides a technical result, which consists in increasing the bearing capacity of the concrete pipe piles, the strength of the concrete core, hardening of the soil base, while ensuring drainage of the well cavity. In addition, the inventive method provides the ability to monitor the bearing capacity of piles.

The implementation of piles with a reinforced base is ensured by the inclusion of a reinforcing element in the form of a pile in the form of an internal pile and a broadening element made in the form of ring segments; in reducing the metal consumption due to the formation of a concrete structure - an indelible metal shell and concrete core, in increasing the strength, water resistance and adhesion to the pipe metal, increasing the bearing capacity both on the pile material and on the ground.

Drainage of the well cavity is ensured by pumping water and dynamic soil compaction under the sole of the pile. The ability to monitor the bearing capacity of the piles is provided by driving the inner piles. In known analogues, the determination of the bearing capacity of piles is carried out by more expensive methods, for example, by static testing of piles.

As a result of using the proposed technical solution, the number of piles in the foundation of the structure, material costs and time for technological operations for the manufacture of piles in the foundation are reduced.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that in a concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base containing an outer metal sheath in the form of a pipe with a reinforcing cage made of longitudinal reinforcement rods located along the sheath contour filled with concrete, according to the claimed solution, the outer sheath metal pipe is made unrecoverable; the pipe-concrete pile additionally contains a reinforcing element formed of an internal pile consisting of a cylindrical part and a driven tip in the form of a truncated cone, and a broadening element formed of a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided into segments with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction with rotation around a horizontal axis , and combined in the mounting position with the inner pile; the inner diameter in the upper part of the broadening element is larger than the inner diameter in the lower part.

In this case, the broadening element in the mounting position is combined with the internal pile using temporary wire ties. The pipe-concrete pile further comprises a retrievable inventory rod made with a cap on the lower end and mounted on the upper part of the inner pile.

In a method of constructing a concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base, including the formation of a well; strengthening it; introduction of reinforcement; introduction of concrete composition; compaction of concrete in the ground; according to the invention, the strengthening of the well is carried out by immersing an external non-removable pipe-shell shock or vibration method; as the non-removable pipe-shell is immersed, soil is removed; then, by dumping, the reinforcing element formed by means of a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided into segments with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction with rotation around a horizontal axis and combined in an installation position with an internal pile, is lowered; the inner pile is hammered with the help of an inventory rod made with a cap, until the segments move in the radial direction and rotate them around the horizontal axis, after which the inner pile is fixed with the cap and the rod is removed; after the introduction of the reinforcing cage, water is pumped out; pile concreting is carried out dry with a concrete pump.

The inventive device is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig 1A) is a view of the pile when lowering the reinforcing element in the bottom of the drilled well; on figb) - when immersing the reinforcing element in the base of the well; on figv) - when lowering the reinforcing cage and pumping water from the bottom of the well; Fig.1d) - when concreting a well with a concrete pump from the surface; figure 2 is a view of the piles with the details of the element of the broadening of the base. The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - non-removable pipe-shell;

2 - plot of the water surface in the pond,

3 - near-pile soil,

4 - inner pile

5 - ring segments,

6 - inventory bar (podbabek),

7 - hydraulic hammer,

8 - rods of the reinforcing cage,

9 - concrete duct concrete pump,

10 - concrete mixture

11 - head cap inventory rod,

12 - driven tip of the inner pile 4.

A concrete pipe pile contains: a non-removable pipe - a shell 1 with a reinforcing cage 8, filled with concrete mixture, and a reinforcing element located in the lower part of the metal pipe-shell 1 and consisting of an internal pile 4 and a broadening element, which is a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided for example, four segments 5 with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction with rotation around a horizontal axis passing through the contact segment; as well as a retrievable inventory bar.

The non-removable metal - steel - pipe-sheath 1 is made with a diameter in a wide range from 800 mm to 2020 mm, depending on the load transferred to it. A non-removable pipe-shell is included in the work of piles for bending and compressive (pulling) loads.

The inner pile 4 can be made of steel pipe with a diameter of 0.3 to 0.8 m and a length of 2.5 to 4.0 m, depending on the diameter of the external non-removable pipe - shell 1, and filled with concrete. The inner pile contains a cylindrical part and a driven tip 12, made in the form of a truncated cone, and together with the broadening element forms a reinforcing element of the pile.

The broadening element is formed using a cylindrical concrete structure, divided, for example, into four equal annular segments 5, the inner wall of which has a smaller thickness in the upper part and a larger thickness in the lower part. Thus, in the mounting position (when four segments are in the folded position), the inner diameter in the upper part of the broadening element is larger than the inner diameter in the lower part, as a result of which the inner surface of the walls of the broadening element forms a truncated cone. The external diameter of the broadening element can be up to 1.8 m, and the height up to 2.5 m. Due to this design, the broadening element is made with the ability to move four segments from the center in the radial direction with rotation around the horizontal axis — when impact force is applied to it . The segments 5 of the broadening element in the mounting position are connected using wire ties to the driven tip 12 of the inner pile 4, which in the mounting position is placed in the inner cavity of the broadening element formed by the inner surface of the four segments 5.

After driving the inner pile 4 into the ground, the driven tip 12 extends beyond the lower boundaries of the broadening element, the cylindrical part of the inner pile enters the inner cavity of the broadening element, as a result of which the segments of the broadening element move radially from the center with rotation around the horizontal axis. That is, upon impact with the ground, the annular segments 5 open and form a widened heel.

As a result, the inner pile 4 and the segments 5 of the broadening element increase the area of the base, additionally strengthen the soil at the base, create broadening, which ensures that the soil can absorb the calculated loads.

Under the influence of shock loading, soil compaction of the base occurs.

Inventory rod 6 - is a metal structure of an annular section with a headgear 11 at the lower end, which, after removing the inventory rod, is left on the upper section of the inner pile 4 for additional sealing and fixing in order to prevent it from going beyond the metal pipe-shell 1 during slaughter in priming. In the upper part of the inventory rod 6 posted by a hydraulic hammer 7.

A method for constructing a reinforced concrete pipe pile contains the following steps:

By means of the shock or vibration method, through the water column into the soil or from the soil surface, a non-removable pipe - shell 1 is immersed to the required depth. As the unrecoverable metal pipe-shell 1 is immersed, the soil is removed using a vibrating grab. When the non-removable pipe-sheath reaches 1 design marks, the soil is selected to the lower boundary of the pile base or below, if broadening of the pile base is necessary.

After excavation of the soil from the cavity of the shell, a reinforcing element is lowered into the bottom of the well by discharge, including an internal pile 4, consisting of a cylindrical part and a driven tip 12, and a broadening element, which is a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided into segments (for example, four) 5, located in the mounting (i.e., folded) position. Then, an inventory bar 6 is installed on the upper part of the inner pile 4. Using a hydraulic hammer 7 with the weight of its impact part from 4 to 7 tons, the inner pile 4 is driven in. At the moment of impact on the ground and immersion of the inner pile, the segments of the broadening element move radially from the center with rotation around a horizontal axis passing through the segment contact. After removing the inventory rod, the cap 11 is left on the upper section of the inner pile 4 for additional sealing and fixing on the lower part of the non-removable pipe-sheath 1 in order to prevent it from going beyond the metal pipe-sheath 1 during the face of the soil. After removing the inventory bar, lower the reinforcing cage, pump out the water, and concreting the piles. Concrete supply, unlike well-known analogues, is carried out dry by a concrete pump.

When driving (dipping) due to the taper, the inner pile 4 moves the annular segments 5 from the center in the radial direction, with rotation around a horizontal axis passing through the contact of the annular segment.

The claimed design of a concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base, due to the introduction of an internal pile in combination with a broadening element in the form of ring segments, can significantly reduce the material consumption, the complexity of the manufacture of piles, as well as improve manufacturability and guarantee the quality of the structure.

In addition, already at the moment of immersion of the internal pile into the base of the well, it becomes possible to monitor the bearing capacity of the pile on the ground, thanks to the sounding effect of driving impacts carried out using an inventory rod and a hydraulic hammer.

A reinforced concrete pipe pile is constructed as follows. Having positioned by coordinates, immersed in an unremovable metal pipe-shell with simultaneous extraction of soil. Then carry out the dumping of the reinforcing element, consisting of an internal pile 4 with a driven tip and broadening elements, made in the form of four reinforced concrete annular segments 5, in the bottom of the drilled well. Being at the moment of discharge in the installation (i.e., folded) position and united by temporary wire ties with the inner pile 4, the ring segments 5 open upon impact on the ground and, under the influence of the shock load, form a widened heel with soil compaction of the base. Then, a hydraulic hammer with an inventory bar 6, made in the form of a metal structure of a tubular section with a pile head at the lower end, is lowered onto the upper part of the inner pile 4. Drive the inner piles. The next step is the immersion of the reinforcing cage, made in the form of metal rods, and pumping water from the bottom of the well. After this, the well is concreted with a concrete pump from the surface of the water area or the earth by means of vibration compaction.

Using the proposed technical solution allows you to seal the cavity of the well with its subsequent drainage and pumping water. As a result, filling the well with concrete can be carried out dry using a concrete pump.

Claims (4)

1. A reinforced concrete pipe pile containing an outer metal sheath in the form of a pipe with a reinforcing cage made of longitudinal reinforcement rods located along the sheath contour filled with concrete, characterized in that the outer sheath metal pipe is non-removable; the pipe-concrete pile additionally contains a reinforcing element formed of an internal pile consisting of a cylindrical part and a driven tip in the form of a truncated cone, and a broadening element formed of a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided into segments with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction with rotation around a horizontal axis , and combined in the mounting position with the inner pile; the inner diameter in the upper part of the broadening element is larger than the inner diameter in the lower part. 2. A pipe concrete pile with a reinforced base according to claim 1, characterized in that the broadening element in the mounting position is combined with the internal pile using temporary wire ties. 3. A concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a removable inventory rod made with a cap on the lower end and mounted on the upper part of the inner pile. 4. A method of constructing a concrete pipe pile with a reinforced base, including the formation of a well; strengthening it; introduction of reinforcement; introduction of concrete composition; compaction of concrete in the ground; characterized in that the strengthening of the well is carried out by immersing an external non-removable pipe-shell shock or vibration method; as the non-removable pipe-shell is immersed, soil is removed; then, by dumping, the reinforcing element formed by means of a concrete structure of a cylindrical shape, divided into segments with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction with rotation around a horizontal axis and combined in an installation position with an internal pile, is lowered; the inner pile is hammered with the help of an inventory rod made with a cap, until the segments move in the radial direction and rotate them around the horizontal axis, after which the inner pile is fixed with the cap and the rod is removed; after the introduction of the reinforcing cage, water is pumped out; pile concreting is carried out dry with a concrete pump.

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