RU2491755C1 - Method for computer detection of fringe pattern image signal and television system for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: in a CCD array television camera, between a photodetector section and a horizontal recorder, there is a memory section that is charge coupled to both, and a control pulse generator includes series-connected memory pulse former and second level converter, and an exposure pulse former includes series-connected interfacing unit and electric drive, a second monovibrator, a counter-halver, a first AND element, a second AND element and an OR element; the expansion slot of the computer motherboard is further fitted with a video card, which is matched on input/output channels, control and power with the computer bus, and the communication link includes additional cable conductors for connecting Start, Stop and Exposure Control signals on the computer with inputs of said signals in the television camera, wherein the video output of the video card is the fringe pattern image signal output of the television system.

EFFECT: high signal-to-noise ratio of the television camera and enabling adjustment operations on recursive filtering of a video signal directly from the computer.

5 cl, 7 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The alleged invention relates to television technology and can mainly be used in systems for the analysis of interferograms, in television cameras of which sensors of charge-coupled devices (CCD matrices) are used as video signal sensors.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention should be considered a method of computer recording the image signal of interferograms [1], which consists in the fact that in the television camera the light flux from the interference pattern of the controlled object is projected with a frame period T _to on the photodetector section of the matrix of devices with charge coupling (matrix CCD) in the interval of the reverse course of the vertical scan t _o.h.k. , in the interval of the forward stroke in the frame, the accumulated charge packets are transferred line-by-line from the photodetector section to the output horizontal register, the charge packets are converted element-by-element at the CCD matrix output into an electric image signal, the video signal is element-wise multiplied by an adjustable coefficient K <1, and the processed video signal is introduced line-by-line and element-wise into the input register of the CCD matrix by performing the voltage-charge transformation, sum the charge packets of adjacent frames in the CCD matrix, form ode composite video cameras, broadcast cameras for the composite video signal line connection to the input of the computer, "video", a video signal is recorded in the computer memory, reproduce recording video on the computer screen.

The disadvantage of the prototype [1] is the low quality of the image signal recording due to the unaccounted for exposure to the noise of the camera’s photodetector during the “voltage-charge” conversion, as well as the lack of necessary technological capabilities when performing adjustment work on recursive filtering.

The objective of the invention is to improve the recording quality of the image signal by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera and performing adjustment work on the recursive filtering of the video signal directly from the computer.

The prototype of the device of the alleged invention is a television system for computer recording of the image signal of interferograms [1] incorporates a computer on the receiving side, and on the transmitting side a television camera containing a sequentially located and optically coupled shutter or pulsed light source and a CCD array consisting of in series connected by a charge-coupled unit for converting voltage to charge (BPNZ) and the input horizontal register, photodetector section (accumulation section), output g rizontalnogo register and charge to voltage conversion unit (BPZN); a control unit comprising a synchronizer, a frequency divider, a single vibrator, as well as a series-connected phase voltage generator of the accumulation section and a first level converter (PU), series-connected phase voltage generator of the registers and the second PU; a preamplifier, the information input of which is connected to the output of the CCD of the CCD, and the output is the output of the "Video" camera; series-connected voltage divider and repeater, while the input of the voltage divider is connected to the output of the pre-amplifier and is the input "Control" of the camera, and the output of the repeater is connected to the input BPNZ; the first output of the first control unit is connected to the control inputs of the CCD array accumulation section, and the control inputs of the input and output horizontal registers of the CCD matrix are connected to the output of the second control unit, the output of the single-shot is connected to the input of the shutter or pulsed light source, and a line is placed between the blocks of the transmitting and receiving sides of the system communication, providing cable broadcast signal "Video" from the camera to the computer.

For the prototype device, the following features are expected:

- the pre-amplifier of the camera can be made in the form of an amplifier-shaper, providing a composite video signal at the output;

- the camera control unit is a control pulse generator (GUI), which can be made in the form of a set of two microcircuits, namely: a temporary controller microcircuit and a PU microcircuit;

- a synchronizer, a frequency divider, a phase voltage generator of the accumulation section and a phase voltage generator of the registers can be made as part of a temporary controller chip;

- the first and second launchers can be made as part of the launcher microcircuit;

- a personal computer was used as a video control unit, for example, a computer with the Windows XP operating system in which the AVerTV series hardware product was installed [2].

The problem is solved in that in the claimed method of computer recording an image signal of interferograms consisting in the fact that in a television camera the light flux from the interference pattern of the controlled object is projected with a frame period T _to the photodetector section of the CCD in the interval of the reverse frame scan t _{t.x. to.} summarize charge packets of adjacent frames in the CCD matrix, charge packets at the output of the CCD matrix charge packets into an electric image signal, form a composite video signal at the output of the camera, broadcast the composite video signal of the camera through the communication line to the computer’s video input, record the video signal into the computer’s memory, reproduce the recording video signal on the computer monitor screen, according to the proposed method, the charge packets of one of the two adjacent frames are accumulated over the entire interval t _o.h.k. and another frame (subsequent to the first) - during the interval t _o.h.k. / n, where n is an integer, charge packets of “long” and “short” frames from the accumulation section to the matrix memory section are transferred sequentially during forward intervals over the frame, summed with a period of 2T _to charges of adjacent frames in the memory section, read from photodetector charge accumulated in the image form a useful signal with a period of 2T _to form a with a period of 2T at the output of the camera _to a useful composite video signal, and read from the memory of the computer video information signal with a period T _k, and the observed on the screen monitor image optimize the recursive filtering of the recorded and recorded image signal by remote selection from the computer the duration of the "short" exposure in the camera.

The problem in the claimed television system, designed to implement the claimed method, is solved by the fact that in the prototype device, which includes a computer on the receiving side, and on the transmitting side, a television camera containing sequentially located and optically coupled shutter and CCD matrix, consisting of sequentially connected by charge communication of the photodetector section (accumulation section), the output horizontal register and the charge-to-voltage conversion unit (BPS), as well as a control generator pulses (VCO), consisting of a temporary controller, the first level converter (PU) and controlling the shutter of the exposure pulse shaper (FIE), which contains the first single-shot, the camera also includes an amplifier-shaper, the information input of which is connected to the output CCD sensor CCD, and the output is the output of the "Video" camera, and the first output of the temporary controller is connected to the first input of the first control unit, and the second output of the temporary controller to the second input of the first control unit, p The first output of the first control unit is connected to the control inputs of the CCD array accumulation section, the control inputs of the output horizontal register of which are connected to the second output of the first control unit, the third output of the temporary controller is connected to the control FIE and, accordingly, to the input of the first one-shot, and the fourth output of the temporary controller is connected to the control input amplifier-shaper of the television camera, and between the blocks of the transmitting and receiving sides of the system - a communication line that provides cable broadcast signal "Video" from the camera to a computer, a memory section is connected between the accumulation section and a horizontal register on the CCD matrix of the camera, a memory section connected with them is charged by charge, a memory pulse shaper (PHIL) and a second memory controller are connected to the GUI of the camera and its output is connected to the control inputs of the matrix memory section A CCD, and a coupler and an electric drive, a second one-shot, a counter-divider into two, the first element “And”, the second element “And” and the element “OR”, are introduced into the FIE the first FIP input is connected to the first output of the temporary controller, the second FIP input is to the third output of the temporary controller, the third FIP input is the “Start” input of the camera, the fourth FIP input is the input “Stop” of the camera, and the first input of the FIE interface unit is the input “ Exposure control ”of the camera, the“ Stop ”input of which is connected to the second input of the FIE interface unit, the input of the counter-divider into two FIEs is connected to the third output of the temporary controller, the direct output of the counter-divider by two is connected to the first input of the first“ And ”element, and inverse the second output of the counter-divider by two - to the first input of the second AND element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the OR element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first AND element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first one-shot, input the second one-shot is connected to the control input of the FIE, the output of the second one-shot to the second input of the second element "And", and the timing element of the second one-shot is kinematically connected to the electric drive, the output of the element "OR" is the output of the FIE and connected to the control at the same time, the video input is matched to the expansion connector on the motherboard of the computer, coordinated via the I / O channels, control and power supply with the computer bus and designed to convert the input analog video signal to digital form, input the digital video signal into RAM with a period of 2T _k, and output therefrom to the period T _c, and is provided in the computer generation of control "Start" signal, the "Stop" and "exposure control System", and in the communication line to the introduced additional conductor blanching for connection signal "Start", "Stop" and "Exposure Control" on the computer with inputs these signals to the television camera, the output video signal is a video card output image signal interferograms television system.

раза. Соответственно, по отношению к прототипу, в $$\sqrt{2}$$

раз увеличивается отношение сигнал/шум (ψ) на выходе телекамеры, а, следовательно, и ψ для регистрируемого в компьютере видеосигнала.Comparative analysis with the prototype [1] shows that the inventive method differs, firstly, by the condition for the implementation of the sign (action), namely, the condition for the recursive filtering of the charge image in the CCD matrix. If in the prototype this action is preceded by a voltage-charge transformation for each element of the personnel array, then in the claimed solution such an operation is completely excluded. Assuming that in the CCD matrix the noise variance of the CCD is equal to the variance of the noise of the CCD, and the video signal is read from the CCD not with a period of T _to (as in the prototype), but with a period of 2T _to , we get the noise reduction at the output of the photodetector for the proposed solution in $$\sqrt{2}$$

times. Accordingly, in relation to the prototype, in $$\sqrt{2}$$

times increases the signal-to-noise ratio (ψ) at the output of the camera, and, consequently, ψ for the video signal recorded in the computer.

The second difference of the proposed method is determined by the presence of a new action, namely the creation of a “short” exposure for the photodetector of optimal duration using remote control of the camera from a computer.

As a result of the implementation of this action, it is extremely desirable to carry out adjustment work to optimize the recording video signal for recording interferograms.

The combination of known and new features is not known from the prior art, therefore, the claimed method meets the requirement of novelty.

Comparative analysis with the prototype [1] shows that the claimed television system is distinguished by the presence of new units, including: a memory section on a common CCD, FIP matrix, second PU, FIE with additional elements - as part of the GUI, video card in the computer; the presence of new connections between the new and other units, respectively, as part of the camera and computer, as well as additional cable cores in the communication line.

The combination of known and new features of the claimed device is not known from the prior art, therefore, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of novelty.

In the claimed solution, the summation of the direct and delayed video signals necessary for recursive filtering is performed with a gain in the signal-to-noise ratio by reducing the noise component.

According to the technical result and the method of its achievement, the proposed solution meets the criterion of the presence of an inventive step.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a device of a television system that implements the inventive method; figure 2 shows an example of the implementation of the electric circuit FIP; figure 3 is an example of the electrical circuit of the FIE; figure 4 is a timing chart explaining the operation of the FIE; figure 5 presents a timing chart explaining the operation of the FIP and the camera as a whole; figure 6 presents the designation of the findings of the domestic chip K561IE11 to explain the feasibility of performing the FIE fully digital method; Fig.7 shows a structural diagram of a television system when it implements a fully digital control of recursive filtering.

A television system for computer recording an image signal of interferograms, see Fig. 1, comprises a computer in position 2 on the receiving side, and a television camera in position 1 on the transmitting side, containing a lens 1-1 and a matrix 1 sequentially located and optically connected -2 CCD, consisting of a series of charge-coupled photodetector sections 1-2-1, memory sections 1-2-2, horizontal register 1-2-3 and BPZN 1-2-4, as well as GUI 1-3, consisting of temporary controller 1-3-1, the first PU 1-3-2, FIP 1-3-3, the second PU 1-3-4 and FIE 1-3-5, amplifier-driver 1-4, and FIE 1-3-5, see figure 3, consists of a first one-shot 1-3-5-1, a second one-shot 1-3-5-2, connected in series to the pairing unit 1-3 -5-3 and the electric drive 1-3-5-4, the counter-divider into two 1-3-5-5, the first element "And" 1-3-5-6, the second element "And" 1-3-5 -7 and the element "OR" 1-3-5-8; the first output of the temporary controller 1-3-1 is connected to the first input of the control unit 1-3-2 and, accordingly, to the first input of the FIP 1-3-3, the second output of the temporary controller 1-3-1 is connected to the second input of the control unit 1-3 -2, the third output of the temporary controller 1-3-1 - to the second input of the FIP 1-3-3, to the control input of the FIE 1-3-5 and, accordingly, to the input of the counter-divider into two1-3-5-5 and to the inputs both single-vibrators 1-3-5-1 and 1-3-5-2, and the fourth output of the temporary controller 1-3-1 - to the control input of the amplifier-former 1-4, the output of which is the output of the "Video" camera, information input d of the amplifier-former 1-4 is connected to the output BPSN 1-2-4 of the CCD matrix, the control inputs of the accumulation section 1-2-1 of which are connected to the first output of the control unit 1-3-2, the second output of which is connected to the control inputs of the horizontal register 1 -2-3 of the CCD matrix, the control inputs of the memory section 1-2-2 of which are connected to the output of the controllers 1-3-4, the input of which is connected to the output of FIP 1-3-3, the third and fourth inputs of which are respectively the “Start” inputs and “Stop” of the camera, and the first input of the pairing unit 1-3-5-3 - input “Exposure control” of the camera, input “C op "which is connected to the second input of the interface unit 1-3-5-3, while the direct output of the counter-divider by two 1-3-5-5 is connected to the first input of the element" And "1-3-5-6, and the inverse output of the counter-divider into two 1-3-5-5 - to the first input of the element "AND" 1-3-5-7, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element "OR" 1-3-5-8, the second input which is connected to the output of the element "And" 1-3-5-6, the second input of which is connected to the output of a single-shot 1-3-5-1; the output of a single vibrator 1-3-5-2 is connected to the second input of the And element 1-3-5-7, and the timing element of a single vibrator 1-3-5-2 is kinematically connected to the electric drive 1-3-5-4, the output of the element "OR" 1-3-5-8 is the output of the FIE 1-3-5 and is connected to the control input of the shutter 1-1 of the camera; on the motherboard of computer 2, a video card is installed in the expansion slot, and a communication line in position 3 is laid between the receiving and transmitting sides, which provides start, stop, and exposure control signals from computer 2 to camera 1 on the cable cores and the “Video” signal from the camera 1 to the computer 2, and the video signal output of the video card in the computer 2 is the output of the image signal of the interferograms of the television system.

The 1-2 CCD matrix is a video signal sensor in the camera 1, and according to the circuit design, according to the Russian classification, it has the organization of “personnel transfer” [3, p. 63], while the memory section 1–1 is adjacent to the accumulation section 1-2–1 2-2 should be shielded from light. The organization of the transfer control system in the CCD matrix can be two-phase, three-phase or four-phase, depending on the technological features of the production of a photodetector.

It should be noted that among the CCD arrays developed and mass-produced in the USSR, these photodetectors with three-phase transfer control have always been leading with great advantage.

The control pulse generator (GUI) 1-3 is designed to perform a scan in the matrix 1-2 of the CCD and the formation of service pulses for the amplifier-driver 1-4.

As in the prototype, GUI 1-3 includes a video controller 1-3-1 and the first PU 1-3-2, but FIP 1-3-3, the second PU 1-3-4 and FIE 1- are additionally introduced 3-5.

The pulse generator memory (FIP) 1-3-3, see figure 2, is fully implemented on digital elements: DDI (D-trigger), DD2 (RS-trigger), DD3 ... DD4 (elements "And"), DD5 ( “OR” element), DD6 (“NOT” element).

We use the diagrams depicted in figure 5, to describe the work of FIP 1-3-3.

Let the 1-2 CCD camera matrix have a three-phase transfer system. Then, the first input of the temporary FIP 1-3-3 1-3-1 controller receives phase signals _Rin F1P, F2P _Rin and _Rin F3P (fig.5d - 5g). At the second input of FIP 1-3-3 from the same block comes the KGI - a blanking pulse (figa), which is inverted in the element "NOT" (DD6.1), see figv.

At the direct output of the D-flip-flop (DDI), a signal is generated as shown in Fig.5b with a period of 2T _to .

When a short-term pulse of positive polarity arrives at the third input of FIP 1-3-3 (the “Start” input of the camera), then at the moment of its coincidence with the OIG, the RS-trigger (DD2) is triggered. Therefore, the output of the element "And" (DD3) sets the pulse signal shown in figure 5,

As a result of logical operations performed using the elements "AND" (DD4.1 ... DD4.2), the element "OR" (DD5) and the elements "NOT" (DD6.2 ... DD6.3), at the output of FIP 1-3 -3 phase formed signals necessary F1P _{O, O} F2P and F3P _O (fig.5z - 5k).

The exposure pulse generator (FIE) 1-3-5, see figure 3, contains the first one-shot 1-3-5-1, the second one-shot 1-3-5-2, the pairing unit 1-3-5- 3, the electric drive 1-3-5-4, the counter-divider into two 1-3-5-5, the first element "And" 1-3-5-6, the second element "And" 1-3-5-7 and the element "OR" 1-3-5-8.

Each of the single-shots is made on the domestic K155AG1 chip, which is a single-channel standby multivibrator. A control frame blanking pulse (KGI) is fed to the input of both microcircuits (DA1 and DA2), ensuring that the multivibrators are started with a positive voltage drop. The delay duration of the output pulses is, according to reference data, 55 not. In figure 4, this delay - T3 is shown artificially with a violation of the time scale.

The duration of the output pulse of a single vibrator 1-3-5-1 is fixed, for example, equal to 1024 μs, using time-setting elements With _τ 1 and R _τ 1.

The duration of the output pulse of a single-shot 1-3-5-2 is determined by the elements C _τ 2 and R _τ 2 and is regulated in the range from 1024 μs to 64 μs by means of a potentiometer R _τ 2, the engine of which is kinematically, i.e. mechanically through a gearbox that converts rotational motion into translational motion, is connected to the electric drive motor 1-3-5-4.

The 1-3-5-3 interface unit is designed to control the 1-3-5-4 electric motor from a digital signal with a high and / or low active level according to the Exposure Control command. Additionally, in the block 1-3-3-3 pairing, digital signal pairing by the Stop command is also provided with a load, for example, in the form of a solenoid (electromagnet), designed to mechanically return the potentiometer engine R _τ 2 to the leftmost position.

Suppose that in our device of the 1-3-5-3 block, the motor and solenoid circuits must be switched on using high-level logic signals. Then the electrical circuit of the unit 1-3-5-3 in terms of control of the solenoid can be made on the basis of the optoelectronic pair according to the solution [4, p.223], and parts of the control of the electric motor according to the solution [4, p.227].

At the control input of the FIE 1-3-5, the KGI arrives (Fig. 4a), and a meander is formed on the direct output of the counter-divider 1-3-5-5 (Fig. 4b), and a meander is formed at its inverse output (Fig. 4a). 4c). At the output of the first one-shot 1-3-5-1, a conditionally “long” pulse is generated (Fig. 4 g). Denote its duration as "t _max ". At the output of the second one-shot 1-3-5-2, a conditionally “short” pulse is formed (Fig. 4d), the duration of which can be adjusted from t _min to t _max .

Using the “AND” 1-3-5-6 element at the first input of the “OR” 1-3-5-8 element, “long” pulses follow with a period of 2T _to (Fig. 4e), and at its second input with the same period, due to the element "And" 1-3-5-7, "short" pulses (Fig.4zh). As a result, the necessary output pulses of the FIE block are formed at the output of the "OR" 1-3-5-8 element (Fig.4z).

When a short-term logical “1” solenoid in the interface unit is supplied from the computer to the “Stop” input of the camera, the potentiometer R _τ 2 is mechanically returned to its leftmost position.

It should be noted that a combination of analog and digital methods is used to construct single-vibrators. Therefore, like all linear circuits, single-vibrators respond to changes in temperature and supply voltage by drift of the output pulse duration.

In this regard, it is advisable to use pulse counters instead of single-vibrators, as a result of the FIE 1-3-5, using the digital method completely. For this, a domestic K561IE11 microcircuit can be used as a ready-made element base, see [5, p.238-240], which is a binary four-digit reversible counter.

. Счетчик имеет четыре выхода Q0-Q3, а запускающий тактовый перепад С для данного счетчика - положительный. Вход сброса данных R - асинхронный. Данные счетчика сбрасываются в ноль, если на вход R подается напряжение высокого уровня. Вход $$U/\overline{D}$$

счетчика служит для переключения направления счета (на увеличение или на уменьшение).This microcircuit, see Fig. 6, has inputs of the preliminary recording-setting S0-S3 and the input of the resolution of this operation SE, which allows you to pre-set the initial duration of the output pulse to be removed $${\overline{C}}_{\mathrm{at}sx}$$

. The counter has four outputs Q0-Q3, and the triggering clock differential C for this counter is positive. The data reset input R is asynchronous. The counter data is reset to zero if a high voltage is applied to input R. entrance $$U/\overline{D}$$

counter serves to switch the direction of the count (to increase or decrease).

счетчика низкий логический уровень, обеспечив направление счета на уменьшение, а на входах S0-S3 логическую комбинацию «1111» для максимального числа. Тогда каждый их приходящих на вход С счетчика пятнадцати входных импульсов будет изменять состояние на выходах Q0-Q3 счетчика, как показано в табл.1, сокращая дискретно длительность выходного импульса от 2024 мкс до 64 мкс.Consider the features of using the K561IE11 chip to successfully replace with its help the functions of the second single vibrator 1-3-5-2. Let the maximum output pulse duration be 1024 μs. This makes it possible to use a horizontal sync pulse with a repetition period of 64 μs for applying to the input of the counter. Set at the input $$U/\overline{D}$$

the counter has a low logical level, ensuring the counting direction decreases, and at the inputs S0-S3 the logical combination is “1111” for the maximum number. Then each of the fifteen input pulses arriving at input C of the counter will change the state at the outputs Q0-Q3 of the counter, as shown in Table 1, discretely reducing the duration of the output pulse from 2024 μs to 64 μs.

Table 1 The duration of the output pulse, μs 1024 960 896 832 768 704 640 576 512 448 384 320 256 192 128 64 4-bit binary combination one one one one one one one one 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 one one one one 0 0 0 0 one one one one 0 0 0 0 one one 0 0 one one 0 0 one one 0 0 one one 0 0 one 0 one 0 one 0 one 0 one 0 one 0 one 0 one 0

Obviously, it is possible to organize convenient control of the output pulse duration when the necessary combinations of stopping the counter in a four-digit binary code will be fed to the FIE 1-3-5 input remotely from the computer using the “Exposure Control” command.

Therefore, it is possible to consider it technically feasible to implement the FIE unit of the camera with a fully digital method by replacing the first one-shot with a pulse counter with a fixed duration at the output, and the second one-shot with a pulse counter with a tunable output duration.

Adjustment of this duration can be performed from the computer by the “Exposure Control” command in the form of a code combination for stopping the counter.

If the camera’s FIE is implemented in a completely digital way, then there is a real possibility of the next technological step - the implementation of FIP 1-3-3 and FIE 1-3-5 as part of a large integrated circuit (LSI) of the temporary controller 1-3-1.

PU 1-3-4 provides the conversion of logical levels of signals from the outputs of FIP 1-3-3 into control pulses for sections 1-2-2. The device of the second PU 1-3-4 can be implemented as part of the LSI of the first PU 1-3-2.

The structural diagram of the inventive television system after completion of the mentioned associations is presented in Fig.7, in which the generator 1-3 of the control pulses contains two LSI: time controller 1-3-1 and PU 1-3-2.

As a block 2 of the proposed television system, a personal computer can be used, on the motherboard of which an additional video card is installed in the expansion slot, matched via the I / O channels, control and power supply with the computer bus and designed to convert the input analog video signal to digital form, input digital video signal into RAM with a period of 2T _to , and output from it with a period of T _to , while the video signal output of the video card is the output of the image signal inter ferrogram television system.

The operations of inputting a digital video signal into RAM and output from it are performed on the video board, provided that the “Start” command is issued from the computer to the camera. In the initial state or when the camera returns to its original state with the Stop command from the computer, these operations are blocked, and the camera’s video signal, which received only an analog-to-digital conversion, becomes the system output.

It should be noted that the formation of control signals for the “Start”, “Stop” and “Exposure Control” cameras can also be performed on the video card or on a separate control card installed in the computer. The characteristics of the transmitted signals are presented in table 2.

table 2 Team Name Signal "Start" Short-term logical "1" "Stop" Short-term logical "1" "Exposure Management" Logical "1" or Logical Combination in Binary Code

It is advisable to supply all control commands through a unified interface, for example, RS-232. Note that the selection of all commands in the proposed solution of the television system is carried out from the computer keyboard and / or using a computer mouse.

A method of computer recording an image signal of interferograms is as follows.

Suppose that the interference pattern of an object located in the field of view of camera 1 is in a perfectly static position, without experiencing random vibrations due to vibration and other regular mechanical effects of low frequency. Moreover, suppose that there is no external control for the camera, i.e. all control inputs (Start, Stop, Exposure Control) have only low logic levels.

In the block FIP 1-3-3 on the direct output of the RS-trigger DD2 (see figure 2) there is a logical signal "O". Therefore, a low logic level is set at the output of the AND element DD3 and a high logic level at the outputs of the NOT elements DD6.2 and DD6.3. Therefore F1P signals _{Rin, Rin} F2P and F3P _Rin (see. Fig.5d ... 5g) coming from the time controller to a first input 1-3-1 1-3-3 FIP freely pass to the output of this block.

A low logic level at the inputs “Exposure control” and “Stop” of the FIE 1-3-5 block means that there is no effect on the electric drive 1-3-5-4 (see figure 3) and on the solenoid in the interface block 1-3-5 -3. Therefore, the potentiometer engine RT2 of the second one-shot 1-3-5-2 is in the extreme left position, providing the maximum resistance value of this resistor.

Therefore, both FIE 1-3-5 single-vibrators provide output pulses with a maximum and the same duration, for example, equal to 1024 μs, and a 1-1 shutter implements “long” flashes of light on the photodetector target when the control object is exposed. As a result, a known pulsed exposure mode of the CCD 1-2 matrix and the camera 1 itself is provided.

Suppose that at the same time, this duration of pulsed exposure, combined with the radiation power from the light source, makes it possible to obtain a video signal with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio in a television camera.

But, if a low-frequency mechanical effect occurs at the control object, then smearing inevitably appears in the generated video signal, and in the image observed from the computer screen 2, its quality noticeably worsens due to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio.

To accomplish the task of the invention, the “Start” signal of positive polarity is sent from the computer to the S-input of the RS-flip-flop DD2 of the FIP 1-3-3 camera unit (see FIG. 2) from the computer. When the high level of this pulse coincides with the high level of frame sync pulses at its clock input, the state of the trigger changes. Therefore, at the direct output of the trigger DD2 will set a high logical signal level. As a result, the output FIP 1-3-3 F1P form new signals _{Rin, Rin} F2P and F3P _Rin (see. Fig.5z ... 5k) through which the UE 1-3-4 fed to control inputs of the memory section 1-2-2 CCD matrices. Due to this, in the memory section 1-2-2 of the CCD matrix under the second phase buses, the charge packets of two accumulated adjacent frames will be summed. The summation interval or the interval of joint storage of charges of adjacent frames in the memory section 1-2-2 of the CCD matrix is equal to the duration of the forward frame scan.

If then, using the “Exposure Control” command, a high logic level is supplied from the computer to the camera, then in the FIE 1-3-5 block, rotation of the 1-3-5-4 electric motor will reduce the duration of the output pulse of a single-shot 1-3-5-2 . Consequently, in the stacked charge packets of adjacent frames, the “contribution” for the delayed frame to this total charge amount will be continuously adjusted downward.

As a result, the horizontal register 1-2-3 and CPS 1-2-4 of the CCD matrix will line-by-bit and element-wise read the informational (useful) video signal of recursive filtering with a period of 2T _to , and in the pause between them - only the useless level of dark current in section 1- 2-2 photodetectors. At the output of the amplifier-former 1-4, a composite video signal supplied to the Video output of the camera (see Fig. 5 l) retains these features of the image signal at the output of the CCD.

The analogue video signal of the television camera via communication line 3 is sent to a computer, to a video board, where each informational video frame is first digitized, and then recorded (entered) into RAM and stored in it for one frame. Reading (output) from the RAM of the image signal is performed with a frame period, i.e. Video skips are excluded.

раз выше, т.к. его шумовая составляющая $$\sqrt{2}$$

раз ниже.In relation to the prototype in the claimed solution, the signal-to-noise ratio for the recorded video signal in $$\sqrt{2}$$

times higher because its noise component $$\sqrt{2}$$

times lower.

If it is necessary to return the camera to its original mode of operation, the “Stop” command should send a positive polarity pulse from the computer, which comes in the FIP block 1-3-3 to the R-input of the RS-trigger DD2 (see figure 2), and in block FIE 1-3-5 to the second input of the pairing unit 1-3-5-3 (see figure 3).

As a result, a logical “0” signal will be established at the direct output of the DD-trigger DD2, and the original control of the 1-2-2 memory section of the photodetector will be restored in the camera, eliminating the summation of charge packets of adjacent frames, and, therefore, eliminating recursive filtering of the video signal. On the other hand, the solenoid in the interface unit 1-3-5-3 will operate, and the RT2 potentiometer engine of the second one-shot 1-3-5-2 will take its leftmost position, providing the maximum resistance value of this resistor.

At the same time, an analog-to-digital conversion will be performed on the computer’s video card for the input video signal, but the input / output operations of the image signal to the RAM will be blocked.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method of computer recording the image signal of interferograms provides, due to the growth of the signal-to-noise ratio of the television camera, an increased quality of computer recording of the video signal, accompanied by an improvement in the operator’s labor.

If the FIE block 1-3-5 of the camera is implemented in a fully digital way, the quality of computer video recording will be further improved by reducing the temperature drift of the pulses that control the exposure.

The reliability of the television system will also be deliberately improved by removing the electric drive, the interface unit, and all the mechanical elements accompanying them from the camera.

Currently, all the blocks of the structural diagram of a television system that implements the proposed method, mastered by domestic industry. Therefore, the alleged invention should be considered as meeting the requirement for industrial applicability.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Copyright certificate 1626454 of the USSR. MKI H04N 7/18. A device for reproducing the image of interferograms / K.N. Ivanov, L.V. Melnik, O.O. Popov, A.T. Trofimov, V.A. Yarmakovich // B.I. - 1991. - No. 5.

2. Aver TV 307 Quick Installation Guide from AverMedia TECHNOLOGIES, Inc. (Taiwan).

3. Press F.P. Charge coupled photosensitive devices. M .: "Radio and communications", 1991.

4. Lenk J. Electronic circuits: a practical guide. / Translation from English. M .: "World", 1985.

5. Shilo V.L. Popular Digital Chips: A Guide. - Chelyabinsk: Metallurgy, 1988.

Claims (5)

1. A method of computer recording an image signal of interferograms, namely, that in a television camera the light flux from the interference pattern of a controlled object is projected with a frame period T _k onto the photodetector section of a charge-coupled device array (CCD matrix) in the interval of the reverse frame scan t _oxк. summarize charge packets of adjacent frames in the CCD matrix, charge packets at the output of the CCD matrix charge packets into an electric image signal, form a composite video signal at the output of the camera, broadcast the composite video signal of the camera through the communication line to the computer’s video input, record the video signal into the computer’s memory, reproduce the recording video signal on a computer monitor screen, characterized in that the charge packets of one of the two adjacent frames accumulate over the entire interval t _ox. , and another frame (subsequent to the first) - during the period t _oxk. / n, where n is an integer, the charge packets of the “long” and “short” frames from the accumulation section to the matrix memory section are transferred sequentially during forward intervals over the frame, the charges of adjacent frames are summed with a period of 2T _k in the memory section, read from the photodetector, a useful image signal accumulated in a charge form with a period of 2T _k , a useful composite video signal is generated with a period of 2T _k at the output of the camera, and an information video signal with a period of T _{k is} read from the computer’s memory, and monitored on the screen To the image torch, the recursive filtering of the recorded and recorded image signal is optimized by remote selection from the computer of the duration of the “short” exposure in the camera. 2. A television system for computer recording the image signal of interferograms, comprising a computer on the receiving side, and a television camera on the transmitting side, containing a sequentially located and optically coupled shutter and a CCD matrix, consisting of charge-coupled photodetector sections (storage sections) , the output horizontal register and the block conversion of charge into voltage (BPS), as well as a control pulse generator (GUI), consisting of a temporary controller, first of the first level converter (PU) and controlling the shutter of the exposure pulse shaper (FIE), which contains the first one-shot, the camera also includes an amplifier-shaper, the information input of which is connected to the output of the CCD sensor of the CCD, and the output is the output of "Video" cameras, and the first output of the temporary controller is connected to the first input of the first control unit, and the second output of the temporary controller is connected to the second input of the first control unit, the first output of the first control unit is connected to the control inputs of the section on polishing the CCD matrix, the control inputs of the output horizontal register of which are connected to the second output of the first control unit, the third output of the temporary controller is connected to the control FIE and, accordingly, to the input of the first one-shot, and the fourth output of the temporary controller is connected to the control input of the camera driver amplifier, and between the transmitting units and on the receiving side of the system — a communication line that provides cable for transmitting the Video signal from the camera to the computer, characterized in that the CCD camera’s crystal matrix Between the accumulation section and the horizontal register, a memory section has been introduced, which is connected with them by charge communication, a sequentially connected memory pulse shaper (FIP) and a second PU, the output of which is connected to the control inputs of the memory section of the CCD matrix, are introduced into the GUI camera serially connected interface unit and an electric drive, a second one-shot device, a counter-divider into two, the first element "And", the second element "And" and the element "OR", while the first input of the FIP is connected to the first output of the temporary controller, the second input of the FIP is to the third output of the temporary controller, the third input of the FIP is the “Start” input of the camera, the fourth input of the FIP is the input “Stop” of the camera, and the first input of the FIE interface is the input of “Exposure control” of the camera, the input is “Stop” »Which is connected to the second input of the FIE coupling unit, the input of the counter-divider into two FIEs is connected to the third output of the temporary controller, the direct output of the counter-divider by two to the first input of the first" I "element, and the inverse output of the counter-divider by two - to the first entrance the second AND element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the OR element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first AND element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first one-shot, the input of the second one-shot is connected to the control input of the FIE, the output of the second one-shot - to the second input of the second “I” element, and the timing element of the second one-shot is kinematically connected to the electric drive, the output of the “OR” element is the output of the FIE and is connected to the control input of the shutter, while in the expansion connector on the mat The computer board of the computer is additionally equipped with a video board, coordinated via the I / O channels, control and power supply with the computer bus and designed to convert the input analog video signal to digital form, input the digital video signal into RAM with a period of 2T _to , and output from it with a period of T _k, and is provided in the computer generation of control signals "Start", "Stop" and "exposure control System", and in the communication line introduced additional cable conductors for connection "Start" signal " top "and" Exposure Control "on the computer with inputs these signals to the television camera, the output video signal is a video card output image signal interferograms television system. 3. The television system according to claim 2, characterized in that the FIE unit of the camera is implemented fully digitally by replacing the first one-shot with a pulse counter with a fixed duration at the output, and the second one-shot with a pulse counter with a tunable output duration, adjustable from the computer to the Exposure Control command in the form of a code combination to stop this counter. 4. The television system according to claim 3, characterized in that the FIP unit and the FIE unit of the camera are made as part of a large integrated circuit (LSI) of the time controller. 5. The television system according to claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that the second PU camera is made as part of the LSI of the first PU.

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