RU2490603C1 - Multipurpose monitoring and control device of liquid level - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: device includes the first and the second optic or capacity sensors of liquid level, a control unit, two assemblies of a detachable connection, four programming outputs of its functional capabilities and two outputs. When the first and the second programming outputs are closed and the third programming output is connected to the fourth programming output, the device is transformed to a liquid level monitoring and control system with its wavy surface providing the tank with a liquid filling and emptying mode and a mode of control and supporting of liquid level at its fixed height. When the first and the second programming outputs are open and the third and the fourth programming outputs are connected to each other, the device is transformed to a liquid level monitoring and control system in the tank with its smooth surface providing the tank with a liquid filling and emptying mode and a mode of control and supporting of liquid level at its fixed height. When the control unit is disconnected from liquid level sensors by means of assemblies of detachable connection, the device is transformed to a set of control annunciators of upper liquid level and lower liquid level, which are represented by the first and the second liquid level sensors respectively. The device provides vertical and horizontal erection modes, as well as a combined erection method when erection of the first (second) liquid level sensor is performed using the vertical method, and erection of the second (first) liquid level sensor is performed using the horizontal method.EFFECT: improving liquid dosing accuracy, enlarging functional capabilities of the device and improving its economy at operation.6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of automation of production processes in mechanical engineering and is intended to automate technological processes associated with the control and regulation of liquid media.

A device is known that contains a liquid level sensor, a trigger, a capacitor, a clock generator, first and second voltage switches (see Kalashnik V. Automatic water pump, Radio magazine, 1991, No. 6, p. 32, 33)

However, such a device has limited functionality, since:

1) its design provides operation only in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with a controlled liquid and does not allow the operation of this device in the mode of monitoring and maintaining the level of the controlled liquid at a given fixed height, for example, in galvanic production in technological baths for trawling printed circuit boards, in baths for coating metal parts or in specialized medical departments in baths with physiological saline solutions, where the drop in levels is unacceptable s liquids required by the marks;

2) does not provide a horizontal method of installation at the facility, since the design of the device provides only a vertical method of installation at the facility;

3) does not allow programming its functionality;

4) allows operation on only one type of load in the form of an electromagnetic relay and does not allow its operation on two control windings of electromagnetic starters;

5) does not have the functionality to control liquids with their excited surfaces, for example, on moving objects, or on stationary technological production plants, in which the liquid is mixed in accordance with the technological process.

In addition, such a device has other significant drawbacks, as it requires a relatively large installation area at the facility due to the fact that its liquid level sensor occupies a relatively large part of the usable working space in the tank with controlled liquid and increases the complexity of the maintenance of the tank, moreover, the space occupied by it increases as the height of the tank increases, since the length of the signal electrode of the sensor increases.

However, the circuit of the device requires a large number of settings during its operation, since:

- the voltage at the inputs of the threshold elements depends on the size of the reservoir with the controlled fluid, which requires each tank with new overall dimensions to configure the device in operating conditions;

- a sensor for monitoring the liquid level in such a device is included in the AC bridge, which requires periodic balancing by adjustment elements under operating conditions.

Along with this, the design and electrical circuit of such a device provides control of liquid media only in tanks, the walls of which are made of conductive material. If its walls are made of a dielectric material, it is necessary to provide control of the liquid at the operation site to finalize its design and circuit for introducing a second electrode of the liquid level control sensor. Such disadvantages, in turn, significantly degrade the performance of the device.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a device that includes the first and second liquid level sensors, a trigger, a differentiator, the output of which is the first programming output, the initialization unit, the output of which is connected to the trigger S-input, the direct output of which is the second the output of the device, the second programming terminal, the first display unit, the second display unit, the input of which is connected to the direct output of the trigger (see RU 2379634, IPC G01F 23/18 (2006.01), G05D 9/12 (2006.01), publ. 20.01.2010 , b . №2).

However, such a device has limited functionality, since it allows you to control only conductive fluids, i.e. allows you to control a limited range of liquids due to the lack of ability, for example, to control and regulate the level of non-conductive liquids, such as acetone, gasoline, machine and transformer oils, etc.

At the same time, the operation algorithm of the circuit of such a device does not provide modes for controlling the level of liquids with their excited surfaces, for example, on moving objects or on technological production plants, in which, in accordance with the technological process, the liquid is mixed, which also narrows its functionality.

In addition, such a device has a relatively low efficiency during operation, especially in automated facilities with a high degree of energy intensity, where there are voltage surges in the powerful electrical power circuits of technological equipment. This leads to significant overvoltages due to exceeding the maximum allowable values of the operating voltage and interference in low-voltage power circuits of electronic automation devices, which include a device for monitoring and regulating the level of liquid media. Since such a device works in contact with controlled liquids and at relatively high temperatures, high requirements are always imposed on it in terms of fulfilling the degree of protection of shell casings, in which electrical circuits of electronic automation devices are placed. In addition, relatively high requirements are also imposed on such devices in terms of electrical strength, since the low-voltage power circuits of such devices are laid next to higher-voltage power electric circuits. To ensure reliable operation in conditions of high humidity and with increased requirements in terms of electrical strength, the electrical circuits of such devices are sealed in the housing with casting compounds, which makes such devices non-repairable. Since the closest analogue of the device is structurally made in the form of two functional units in contact with controlled fluids, it is structurally made unrepairable for the reasons described above. In the event of a device failure due to emergency power surges in its power supply circuits, it cannot be repaired and is replaced by a new serviceable device. Moreover, the output in this case of one radio component in the output stage of one or both functional units of the device leads to fifty or one hundred percent rejection of the device, which makes the device low cost in operating conditions. At the production stage, it is technologically feasible to carry out such a device for repair under operating conditions, and thereby increase its efficiency in operation, its design and harsh operating conditions do not allow.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to expand the functionality of the device by increasing the range of controlled liquid media and the operating modes of the device, as well as increasing its efficiency during operation.

The solved problem is achieved by the fact that:

to a multifunctional device for monitoring and regulating the liquid level according to version 1 of its execution, comprising a first and second liquid level sensors, a trigger, a first programming terminal, a differentiator whose output is connected to the first programming terminal, a second programming terminal, an initialization unit, the output of which connected to the S-input of the trigger, the direct output of which is the second output of the device, the first display unit, the second display unit, the input of which is connected to the direct output of the trigger, it introduced the first and second detachable connection nodes, which are programming elements of the device’s functionality, the third and fourth programming conclusions, a capacitor, a one-shot, the input of which is connected to the second output of the capacitor, and the connection point of its input and the second output of the capacitor is connected to the second programming output, the first and a second voltage switch, the first conclusions of which are connected respectively to the K-input and J-input of the trigger, the second conclusions are connected to the device’s common ground, control inputs - with the output of a single vibrator, a clock generator whose output is connected to the trigger C-input, the inverse output of which is the first output of the device, the input of the first display unit is connected to the trigger inverse output, and the connection point of the trigger K-input and the first output of the first voltage switch is with the third programming conclusion, while the liquid level sensors are optical, and the device is structurally made in the form of three functional units, the first functional unit of which includes the first level sensor liquid with a flexible connecting cable and plug of the first detachable connection unit, the second functional unit - the second fluid level sensor with flexible connecting cable and plug of the second detachable connection unit, the third functional unit, which is the control unit of the device, structurally made maintainable, - the rest of the device diagram moreover, the first and second functional nodes are connected using flexible cables to the third functional node, respectively, through the first and second nodes detachable connection, the first output of the second liquid level sensor connected through the second node of the detachable connection to the first output of the capacitor, the second output of the second liquid level sensor through the second node of the detachable connection to the J-input of the trigger, the second output of the first liquid level sensor through the first node of the detachable connection - to the input of the differentiator, the first output of the first liquid level sensor through the first node of the detachable connection - to the fourth programming terminal when closing it with the third program output After connecting and interconnecting the first and second programming conclusions, the device is transformed into a liquid level control and regulation system with an excited surface, providing a mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid and a mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height, and when the third and the fourth programming conclusions and when the first and second programming conclusions are open, the device is transformed into a control and regulation system ur listening to the liquid with its calm surface, providing the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid and the mode of monitoring and maintaining the liquid level in the tank at a fixed height, in case of disconnecting the third functional unit from the first and second functional units using detachable connection units, the device without using it the third functional unit is transformed into a set of two signaling devices for monitoring the upper and lower liquid levels, which are respectively the first and second functional device assemblies, providing the machine is in operation the liquid level sensors;

in the multifunctional device according to option 2 of its execution, made according to option 1, the first and second liquid level sensors are capacitive.

Figure 1 presents the functional diagram of the device;

figure 2 - vertical and horizontal methods of mounting the first and second functional units of the device in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid;

figure 3 - vertical and horizontal methods of mounting the first and second functional units of the device in the mode of maintaining in the tank the liquid level at its fixed height with unlimited space of the installation zone;

figure 4 - vertical and horizontal methods of mounting the first and second functional units of the device in the mode of maintaining in the tank the liquid level at its fixed height with a limited space of the installation zone;

figure 5 is a voltage diagram explaining the operation of the device during monitoring and regulation of the liquid level with its excited surface;

figure 6 is a voltage diagram explaining the operation of the device during monitoring and regulation of the liquid level with its calm surface.

The device comprises a first and second liquid level sensors 1, 2, a first and second detachable connection units 3, 4, a differentiator 5, the input of which is connected through a first detachable connection unit 3 to the second output of the first liquid level sensor 1, a terminal 6 connected to the output of the differentiator 5 and which is the first programming output, JK-trigger 7, initialization block 8 of the device circuit, the output of which is connected to the S-input of JK-trigger 7, the first and second indication blocks 9, 10, the inputs of which are connected respectively to the inverse direct outputs of the JK trigger 7, the first and second output terminals 11 and 12 of the device, respectively connected to the inverse and direct outputs of the JK trigger 7 and which are respectively the first and second outputs of the device, the first and second voltage switches 13, 14, the first terminals of which are connected respectively, with the K-input and J-input of the JK-trigger 7, the second terminals are with the common ground of the device, a single-shot 15, the output of which is connected to the control terminals of the keys 13, 14, a capacitor 16, the first output of which is connected through the second node 4 detachable connections to p the first output of the second liquid level sensor 2, terminal 17 connected to the connection point of the input of the one-shot 15 and the second output of the capacitor 16 and being the second programming terminal, terminal 18 connected to the connection point of the K-input of the JK trigger 7 and the first output of the first voltage switch 13 and which is the third programming terminal, terminal 19 connected through the first detachable connection unit 3 to the first output of the first liquid level sensor 1 and being the fourth programming terminal, clock 25, output One of which is connected to the C-input of trigger 7. In this case, the second output of the second liquid level sensor 2 is connected through the second node 4 of the detachable connection to the J-input of the JK trigger 7.

Structurally, the device is made in the form of three functional units 20, 21 and 22 (see figure 1). The first assembly 20 includes a first liquid level sensor 1, a flexible cable (not shown in FIG. 1), the installation of one end of which is made from the free end of the housing of the assembly 20, and the plug of the first plug-in assembly 3, mounted on the other end of flex cable. The second node 21 includes a second liquid level sensor 2, a flexible cable (not shown in FIG. 1), the installation of one end of which is made from the free end of the body of the node 21, and the plug of the second detachable connection unit 4, which is mounted on the other end of the flexible cable The third node 22 includes the rest of the device circuit, which was not included in the first and second functional units 20, 21. The first and second nodes 20, 21 in the device act as signaling devices, respectively, of the upper and lower liquid levels.

The third node 22 is a control unit of the device. For connecting the first and second functional nodes 20, 21 with the third functional node 22, they are equipped with flexible cables (not shown in FIG. 1), in which the power, common ground, first and second terminals are placed the outputs of the functional units 20, 21. The functional units 20, 21 are connected to the third functional unit 22 through the first and second detachable connection units 3, 4, each of which, for example, consists of a plug and a socket. Sockets are installed on the third functional unit 22, and the plugs are mounted on the free ends of the flexible cables of the functional units 20, 21. The programming conclusions are intended for programming the functional capabilities of the device. Nodes 3 and 4 of the plug-in connection are elements of programming the functionality of the device.

When the terminals 6 and 17, which are the first and second outputs of the device programming, respectively, are closed to each other, and the terminal 18, which is the third terminal of the device programming, is connected to the terminal 19, which is its fourth programming terminal, the device is transformed into a fluid level control and regulation system with excited its surface, providing a mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid and a mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height.

In the event of the opening of terminals 6 and 17 and the connection of terminal 18 with terminal 19, the device is transformed into a liquid level control and regulation system with a calm surface, which provides a mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid and a mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height.

When the third functional unit 22 is disconnected from the first and second functional units 20, 21 using detachable connection units 3, 4, the device is transformed into a set of two liquid level control devices, one of which is an upper liquid level indicator in the form of a device functional unit 20, the second - a signaling device of the lower liquid level in the form of a functional unit 21 of the device. When the device is operating in the alarm mode of the upper and lower liquid level, the third functional unit 22 is not used as part of the device.

Thus, the programming of the device’s functionality is carried out in simple ways: by closing or opening the terminals 6 and 17 and connecting the terminal 18 to the terminal 19 or disconnecting it from the terminal 19 during electrical installation at the facility, as well as by disconnecting the third functional unit 22 from the first and second functional nodes 20, 21 with the help of detachable connection nodes 3, 4. Moreover, the availability of programming functionality of the device in such ways allows you to expand these capabilities .

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the device in such a state when the programming terminals 6, 17, 18, 19 are in the off state, in which none of its functionality is programmed.

Each sensor 1, 2 of the device according to version 1 of its execution is made, for example, on the basis of an optical solid-state liquid level sensor from Honeywell, USA (see the journal "Electronic Components" No. 11, 2005, p.105, Fig. 16; website of the official distributor of the company Kompel www.compel.ru, Honeyweil website (www.noneywell com / sensing / products), the output of which is the second output of sensor 1 (2), and an inverter whose input is connected to the output of the optical solid-state sensor, and its output is the first output of sensor 1 (2).

The Honeywell optical solid-state liquid level sensor is designed according to a scheme including a voltage stabilizer, an emitter based on an infrared LED, which is connected to a voltage regulator through a limiting resistor, a photodetector based on a phototransistor, matched by the emission spectrum to the emitter, and connected through the limiting resistor to the source bus power supply, a threshold element based on a Schmitt trigger, the input of which is connected to the output of the photodetector, and its output is an optical output solid state liquid level sensor. The emitter and photodetector of the optical solid-state liquid level sensor are located inside a transparent hemispherical polymer cap, which serves as an optical window that also performs the function of the optical window of the sensor 1 (2) of the proposed device.

If in the initial state, in which the optical window of the solid-state liquid level sensor is not washed by the controlled liquid, then the infrared radiation of the emitter is completely reflected from the hemispherical polymer-air interface of the optical window and enters the photodetector of the solid-state sensor. Upon reaching a predetermined threshold level of illumination, the phototransistor opens, and a voltage with a logic level of "0" is set at its output. Under the action of this voltage level, the threshold element of the solid-state liquid level sensor switches, and a voltage with a logic level "1" is set at its output, which corresponds to the initial state of the solid-state liquid level sensor.

In the case of washing out the optical window of a solid-state liquid level sensor by a liquid controlled by a liquid, a change in the refractive index occurs at the hemispherical polymer-controlled liquid boundary, which entails a change in the angle of reflection of the infrared radiation of the emitter in the aperture of the photodetector. This leads to the fact that infrared radiation does not enter the photodetector. As a result, the phototransistor closes, and the threshold element switches to another stable state, in which a voltage with a logic level of "0" is set at its output and, therefore, at the output of the solid-state liquid level sensor.

Honeywell's optical solid-state liquid level sensor is not sensitive to conductivity, transparency, or uniformity of monitored liquids. It responds only to the presence or absence of contact of the optical window with controlled liquids. Such properties of a solid-state liquid level sensor make it possible to control both conductive and non-conductive liquids, i.e. expand the functionality of the device by increasing the range of controlled liquids.

In embodiment 1 of the device, the optical window of the Honeywell solid-state liquid level sensor, which is part of the sensors 1, 2 of the device, is installed on the outer surface of one of the ends of the sensor housing 1 (2), which is its working end.

In embodiment 2 of the device, each sensor 1, 2 is made, for example, on the basis of a capacitive sensor circuit (see Radio magazine, No. 10, 2002, p. 39, Fig. 5) and an inverter whose input is connected to the output of the capacitive sensor . The circuit of this capacitive sensor includes a capacitive sensitive element E1, a multivibrator connected in series, made on the basis of an operational amplifier DA1.1, to the inverse input of which a capacitive sensitive element E1 is connected through a resistor R1, a detector made on the basis of a detector stage DA1.2, at the output of which the load is turned on in the form of a parallel RC circuit R7C2, a threshold element made on the basis of the operational amplifier DA1.3, the output of which is connected through a limiting resistor and is the first output m liquid level sensor 1 (2) and the inverter output is the second output of the sensor 1 (2).

A capacitive sensitive element connected in the negative feedback circuit to the inverting input of the multivibrator operational amplifier is one of the plates of the frequency-setting “open capacitor” (see Radio magazine, No. 10, 2002, p. 38. Fig. 1, Fig. 2) , the second lining of which is the electrical circuit of the common "earth" of the multivibrator and the device as a whole, and serves as a capacitive sensitive element of sensor 1 (2).

In this case, the capacitive sensitive element can be made of various geometric shapes, for example, round, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal or hexagonal and other shapes, i.e. any geometric shape that would ensure the size of its area to form when the capacitive sensitive element interacts with the controlled liquid 24 of an electric capacitor with the necessary value of the electric capacitance sufficient for the generation of the electric oscillation mode of the multivibrator of sensors 1, 2 of the device.

The capacitive sensor is not sensitive to the level of conductivity, degree of transparency and uniformity of the controlled liquids. It works both from conductive and non-conductive controlled liquids, i.e. it reacts only to the presence or absence of contact of its sensitive surface with conductive and non-conductive controlled fluids. Such properties of a capacitive liquid level sensor allow the possibility of monitoring both conductive and non-conductive liquids i.e. expand the functionality of the device by increasing the range of controlled liquids. In embodiment 2 of the device, capacitive sensitive elements of the sensors 1 (2) are installed on the inner surface of one of the ends of the sensor housing, which is its working end.

In order to guarantee the required sensitivity (response distance and release distance) of the device and its variation within acceptable limits both under normal conditions of use and in operating conditions when exposed to climatic and mechanical factors, the wall area of the working end of the sensor housing located above the flat surface of the capacitive sensor element of the sensors 1, 2, or the sensor housing is made of a dielectric polymer material with a relatively high relative dielectric constant ε.

The device allows the installation of functional units 20, 21, equipped with flexible cables, at any distance from each other and in any free places of tanks with controlled liquids. This makes it possible to implement its operation in the device in the mode of monitoring and maintaining the liquid level at its fixed height and in the mode of monitoring the filling and emptying of the reservoir with liquid, both with its calm and excited surfaces, i.e. expand the functionality of the device by increasing its number of operating modes.

To ensure reliable operation of the device at operating sites in conditions of high humidity and ambient temperatures, its functional units 20 and 21 are sealed in the housings by casting compounds, i.e. they are structurally non-repairable. The third functional unit 22, usually installed in an electrical cabinet of automated technological equipment and operating in less severe operating conditions, is structurally made repairable, i.e. not sealed with casting compound.

The implementation of the third functional unit 22 maintainable allows you to replace it with those radio elements that fail, for example, in the event of an emergency in the power supply circuit of the device or in the event of failure of it for other reasons. This, in turn, allows to prevent irreparable defects of the third functional unit by carrying out its current repair during operation and to prolong its life cycle and, therefore, the life cycle of the device as a whole at the operation stage every time in such a situation. The maintainability of the third functional unit ultimately provides a significant reduction in the cost of its operation, i.e. leads to improved economic performance of the entire device at the stage of its operation, since this node, in comparison with the first and second functional units 20 and 21 of the device, includes a significantly larger part of the radio elements of the device’s electrical circuit and structural materials, which would be wasted if the third functional unit 22 is not repairable.

The implementation of the third functional unit 22 maintainable also provides a positive effect in terms of cost-effectiveness when operating the device at highly reliable automated objects in which such emergencies as overfilling or draining of the tank with a controlled liquid are not permissible. In this case, liquid level control and regulation devices are used, complete with two liquid level signaling devices for emergency control of the maximum working upper and lower levels of the controlled liquid. Moreover, for these purposes, it is required to install, for example, at a minimum without redundancy in the case of using the closest analogue, two devices that are structurally made in the form of four non-repairable functional units - one device as a control system and one device operating in the mode of liquid level signaling devices, and in in case of using the proposed device - only one set of device and two liquid level signaling devices from its composition, additionally purchased by the consumer for the indicated above goals. In the first case, in an emergency situation, for example, all two devices with all the radio elements installed in them can fail and become defective, and in the second case, only four non-repairable liquid level switches, in which only a small part of the radio elements are installed in comparison with the device , which in turn leads to a significant reduction in the cost of the operation of the device, i.e. to improve the performance characteristics of the proposed device at the stage of its operation.

In addition, the economic effect is obtained by the consumer at the stage of purchasing the device for use in highly reliable automated objects, since in general the cost parameters of the delivery package of the proposed device, taking into account the product range in it, are lower than the closest analogue of the device.

When it is necessary to control industrial pumping units through an electromagnetic starter with two control windings to turn it off and on, the first and second outputs of the device are activated simultaneously, respectively. In the case of controlling the pumping unit using an electromagnetic relay with one control winding, only the second output of the device is used to control it, which turns the electromagnetic relay on or off.

Unit 8 of the initialization of the device circuit is made, for example, based on an npn type transistor and an RC circuit (see Fig. 1), consisting of a series capacitor and a resistor, the connection point of the first terminals of which is connected to the base of the transistor of block 8, and the second the resistor terminal and the emitter terminal of the transistor of block 8 are connected to a common ground of the device circuit. In this case, the second output of the capacitor is connected to the power supply source, and the collector of the transistor, which is the output of block 8, is connected to the S-input of trigger 7. Block 8 is used to set the device circuit to its initial state when the supply voltage is applied to it.

The indication blocks 9 and 10 are made, for example, on the basis of (see Fig. 1) a series-connected resistor connected by the first output to the inverse or direct outputs of the trigger 7, and an LED, the cathode of which is connected to a common "ground" circuit of the device. Blocks 9 and 10 indications are intended for visual control of the supply to external loads (not shown in FIG. 1) of control signals from the inverse and direct outputs of trigger 7, respectively, and for monitoring the operational state of the device.

The outputs of the trigger 7 are made with levels of load capacity, providing switching control windings of electromagnetic starters and low-current electromagnetic relays. In addition, the inputs of the logic elements of digital microcircuits can be their load.

The keys 13 and 14 are intended for the formation of pulses of negative polarity with a duration equal to the duration of the output pulse of the one-shot 15, respectively, at the K-input and J-input of trigger 7 by shorting these inputs to a common "ground" of the device. The keys 13, 14 are made, for example, based on an n-p-n type transistor. The first conclusions of the keys 13, 14 are the conclusions of the collectors of transistors, the second conclusions are the conclusions of their emitters, the control inputs of the keys 13, 14 are the conclusions of the bases of transistors.

, являющийся входом одновибратора, подаются запускающие импульсы. На входы $$\overline{A}2$$

и В при этом подаются напряжения с уровнями логической "1", а прямой выход триггера является выходом одновибратора 15 (см. книгу "Шило В.Л. Популярные цифровые микросхемы: Справочник. - М.: Радио и связь, 1987. - 352 с.: ил. - (Массовая радиобиблиотека. Вып. 1111)", с.188, рис.1.136а, б). Одновибратор 15 предназначен для формирования импульсов напряжений с уровнем логической "1" для коммутации ключей 13, 14, подаваемых на их входы управления, по отрицательным перепадам напряжений на втором и первом выходах соответственно первого и второго датчиков 1 и 2. Длительностью импульса, формируемого одновибратором 15, определяется длительность задержки переключений триггера 7 в моменты появления указанных выше перепадов напряжений, образующихся в моменты омывания чувствительного элемента датчика 1 контролируемой жидкостью и осушения чувствительного элемента датчика 2 в процессе контроля и регулирования уровня жидкости при взволнованной ее поверхности. Взволнованное состояние поверхности контролируемой жидкости имеет место на мобильных и стационарных технологических производственных объектах эксплуатации устройства. При взволнованной поверхности контролируемой жидкости, например, могут образовываться ее одиночные или повторяющиеся всплески, брызги или волны с постоянной периодичностью появления, которые могут кратковременно омывать или осушать чувствительные элементы соответственно датчиков 1 или 2, когда уровень контролируемой жидкости находится вблизи на грани соответственно смывания и ниже чувствительного элемента датчика 1 или осушения и выше чувствительного элемента датчика 2.The one-shot 15 is made, for example, according to a standby multivibrator based on a trigger and a timing RC circuit in the form of a resistor and a capacitor connected in series, the resistor Rτ of which is connected to a power source, and their connection point is connected to the trigger R-input. At the entrance $$\overline{A}\mathrm{one}$$

, which is the input of a single-shot, triggering pulses are applied. To the entrances $$\overline{A}2$$

and B, voltage is applied with logical levels of “1”, and the direct output of the trigger is the output of a single-shot 15 (see the book “Shilo V.L. Popular Digital Circuits: Reference Book. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1987. - 352 p. .: ill. - (Massive radio library. Issue 1111) ", p.188, fig. 1.136a, b). The one-shot 15 is designed to generate voltage pulses with a logical level of "1" for switching the keys 13, 14 supplied to their control inputs, by negative voltage drops at the second and first outputs of the first and second sensors 1 and 2, respectively. The duration of the pulse generated by the single-shot 15 , the duration of the delay of switching of the trigger 7 at the moments of the appearance of the above-mentioned voltage drops, which are formed at the moments of washing the sensitive element of the sensor 1 with a controlled fluid and is determined, is determined sensor element of the sensor 2 in the monitoring and regulation of the liquid level at its rough surface. The excited state of the surface of the controlled fluid takes place at mobile and stationary technological production facilities of the device. With an excited surface of a controlled fluid, for example, its single or repeated bursts, splashes or waves with a constant frequency of occurrence can form, which can briefly wash or dry sensitive elements of sensors 1 or 2, respectively, when the level of the controlled fluid is close to the flushing edge and below sensor element 1 or drainage and above sensor element 2.

Such accidental washing or draining of the sensitive elements of the sensors 1 and 2 cause false short-term triggering of the sensors 1 and 2, respectively, and the appearance of false switching of the trigger 7 and, therefore, the device. To eliminate the occurrence of false alarms of the device, a trigger delay of 7 is introduced at the moments of the appearance of false alarms of the second output of the first sensor 1 and the first output of the second sensor 2. Moreover, the duration of the delay is determined by the duration of the output pulse of the one-shot 15. The duration of this delay is chosen so that it is longer than the duration of washing or draining the sensing element, respectively, of the first or second sensors 1, 2 by bursts or a wave of controlled fluid. If there is constant spray, the duration of such a delay is selected taking into account the rate of decrease or rise of the controlled liquid level. Moreover, the duration of the delay is determined by the beginning of a false flushing or drainage of the sensitive elements of the sensors 1, 2 and the moment of guaranteed finding of the controlled liquid level below or above, respectively, the sensitive element of the sensor 1 or the sensitive element of the sensor 2 after the start of its false operation.

Differentiator 5 is designed to generate pulses of negative polarity by negative differences in output voltages at the second output of sensor 1 or at the first output of sensor 2 to start a single-shot 15. Differentiator 5 is made, for example, based on a differentiating RC circuit consisting of a series-connected capacitor, the first output which is the input of the differentiator 5, and a resistor, in parallel with which a diode is connected, the anode of which is connected to the connection point of the first output of the resistor and the second output of the conden Sator, which is the output of the differentiator. In this case, the cathode of the diode and the second terminal of the resistor of the RC circuit are connected to a power supply source (see figure 1). The capacitor 16, connected with its second output to the output of the differentiator 5, forms a differentiating circuit with a resistor and a diode of the differentiator 5, which generates a voltage pulse with a logic level “0” to start the single-shot 15 from the first output of the sensor 2 at the output of the differentiator 5.

The clock generator 25, made, for example, according to any known multivibrator circuit. The clock generator 25 generates rectangular pulses at its output for clocking the trigger 7 at its C-input. On the leading edge of the clock pulse, the logical information is recorded from the J- and K-inputs respectively to its direct and inverse outputs.

Consider the operation of the device in five different modes. In all the operating modes of the device discussed below, the methods of mounting the device at the facility (see FIG. 2 - FIG. 4) are described using an example of a device made according to Embodiment 1, in which liquid level sensors 1, 2 in functional units 20, 21 made on the basis of optical liquid level sensors Since in the device made according to version 2 of its execution on the basis of capacitive type liquid level sensors, in which the capacitive sensing element is installed in the same way as in the optical type liquid level sensor, the working end of the sensor housing, the methods of mounting capacitive liquid level sensors of the functional units 20 and 21 of the device according to version 2 of its execution are identical to the methods described below for mounting the device made according to version 1 of its execution.

1. The operation of the device in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid when the surface of the liquid is excited.

In this mode, vertical or horizontal methods of mounting the device in open and closed tanks 23 (see figure 2) with walls made of conductive or dielectric material are used. In this case, the nodes 20 and 21 are installed on the reservoir of the object of operation in vertical or horizontal positions to control both conductive and non-conductive fluids. Moreover, the node 20 is installed at the top, and the node 21 is at the bottom of the reservoir 23. The functional node 22, as the control unit of the device, is installed in the electrical cabinet of the object of operation. Terminals 6 and 17 are closed to each other, and terminal 18 is connected to terminal 19.

When applying at a time t _o to the device the supply voltage in block 8, the capacitor charges through the emitter-base junction of the npn type transistor (see FIG. 1). At the same time, the transistor of block 8 opens, and through its collector-emitter junction, a voltage pulse U1 with a logic level “0” is applied to the S-input of trigger 7 (see FIG. 5). As a result, the voltages U8 and U9 with the levels of logical “0” and logical “1”, respectively, are set at the inverse and direct outputs of the trigger 7 and, respectively, at the first and second output terminals 11 and 12. After the end of the charge of the capacitor of block 8, its transistor closes and subsequently does not affect the operation of the device circuit, since at the output of block 8 and at the S-input of trigger 7, voltage U1 is set with a logic level of "1". In this case, through the resistor of the differentiator 5 at its output and the input of the single-shot 15, the voltage U6 is set with a logical level of "1". At the same time, the output of the one-shot 15 is set to voltage U7 with a logic level of "0". At the same time, the sensors 1, 2 are installed in such states in which the voltages U2, U5 and U3, U4 are set at their first and second outputs, respectively, with levels of logical "0" and logical "1", since in the initial state in the tank 23 the controlled fluid 24 is absent, and the sensitive elements of the sensors 1, 2 are in a dried state. As a result, the voltage U3 with the logic level “1” is set at the input of the differentiator 5. At the moment of supplying the supply voltage to the device, the generator 25 switches to the mode of generation of clock pulses, which are supplied to the C-input of the trigger 7.

Along with this, at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 from the second output of the sensor 2 and the first output of the sensor 1 are set voltage U4 and U2, respectively, with levels of logical "1" and logical "0". With this combination of logic signals at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 along the leading edge of the clock pulse of the generator 25, the trigger 7 does not switch to another state, but only its initial state is confirmed, in which the voltage U8 and voltage are set at its inverse and direct outputs U9 with levels of logical "0" and logical "1" respectively. After that, the LED of the display unit 9 continues to be in the canceled state, and the LED of the display unit 10 in the illuminated state. In this case, from the direct output of the trigger 7 through the output terminal 12, a voltage U9 with a logic level of "1" is supplied to the control switching winding (not shown in Fig. 1) of the electromagnetic starter of the pump unit. After that, the filling of the tank 23 with the liquid 24 begins, and the controlled level of the liquid 24 in the tank 23 begins to rise.

At time t ₁ , a liquid 24 of the sensor element of the sensor 2 is washed. As a result, the sensor 2 switches to a state in which the voltage U5 and U4 are set at its first and second outputs, with levels of logical “1” and logical “0”. But at the moment of a positive voltage drop U5 supplied to the first output of the capacitor 16, the output of the differentiator 5 does not generate a voltage pulse U6 with a logic level of "0", since the differentiator 5 generates this pulse only at the moment a negative differential appears on the first output of the capacitor 16 voltage U5 from the first output of the sensor 2. Therefore, the start of the single vibrator 15, the formation of a voltage pulse U7 at its output with a logic level of “1” and the keys 13, 14 do not close. At the same time, at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 from the second output of the sensor 2 and the first output of the sensor 1, the voltages U4 and U2 are set with logic levels “0”, respectively, at which trigger 7 continues to maintain the previous state, since with this combination of logic signals at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 on the leading edge of the clock pulse of the generator 25 switching trigger 7 in a different state does not occur. As a result, starting from time t ₁ , the process of filling the reservoir 23 with the liquid 24 continues.

At time t _{2, the} sensitive element of sensor 1 is washed with liquid 24. As a result, sensor 1 switches to a state in which at its first output, voltage U2 is set with a logic level of “1”, which is applied to the K-input of trigger 7. In this case at the time of a negative drop in the output voltage U3 of the sensor 1 (see FIG. 5), a voltage pulse U6 with a logic level “0” is formed at the output of the differentiator 5. Under the influence of this pulse, the one-shot 15 starts up, and a voltage pulse U7 with a logic level "1" is generated at its output, which is supplied to the control inputs of the keys 13, 14. As a result, the latter are closed for the duration of the positive voltage pulse U7 from the output of the one-shot 15. When during the closed state of switch 13, voltage U2 with a logic level of “1” from the first output of sensor 1 does not pass to the K input of trigger 7, and voltages U4 and U2 with logic levels continue to be present at the J input, K input of trigger 7, respectively esky "0". As a result, the trigger 7 continues to maintain the previous state during the closed state of the keys 13, 14. Upon the decline of the voltage pulse U7 of the one-shot 15, the keys 13, 14 open, and from the first output of the sensor 1, the voltage U2 with the logic level “1” is applied to the K-input of trigger 7 " Since the voltages U4 and U2 are set at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7, respectively, with logical “0” and logical “1” levels, then on the leading edge of the next clock pulse of generator 25, it switches to another state in which it is inverted and direct outputs are set respectively voltage U8 and U9 with levels of logical "1" and logical "0". After that, the LED of the display unit 10 goes out, and the LED of the display unit 9 lights up. At that moment, voltage U8 with a logic level “1” is supplied from the inverse output of trigger 7 to the control winding (not shown in FIG. 1) of the electromagnetic pump starter. As a result, the pumping unit is turned off and the filling of the reservoir 23 with the liquid 24 at the moment of switching the trigger 7 stops. After that, the circuit of the device and the position of the level of the controlled fluid 24 can be in this state until then, until it begins to flow.

After time t ₂ , for example, the flow of the monitored fluid 24 begins. After a certain period of time at time t ₃ , the sensing element of sensor 1 is drained. In this case, sensor 1 is switched to another state, in which voltages are set at its first and second outputs, respectively U2 and U3 with logical “0” and logical “1” levels. But under the influence of the positive voltage drop U3 supplied from the second output of the sensor 1 to the input of the differentiator 5, the formation of a voltage pulse U6 with a logic level “0” at its output does not occur, since the differentiator 5 generates this pulse only by the negative voltage drop of the input voltage U3. Therefore, the start of the one-shot 15 and switching keys 13, 14 does not occur. In this case, at the first output of sensor 1, voltage U2 is set with a logic level of "0", which is supplied to the K-input of trigger 7. Since the voltages U4 and U2 with levels of logical "0" are set respectively at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7 , then the trigger 7 does not switch over the leading edge of the next clock pulse of the generator 25, and it preserves the previous state, in which the voltage U8 and U9 with the levels of logical “1” and logical “0” are set at its inverse and direct outputs. As a result, the pump unit continues to be in the off state, therefore, at time t _{3, the} flow of liquid 24 continues, and its level continues to fall in the reservoir 23 down to the sensitive element of the sensor 2.

After a certain period of time at the time 1d, the sensitive element of the sensor 2 is drained. As a result, the sensor 2 switches to a different state in which the voltage U4 and U5 with the levels of logical “1” and logical “0” are set respectively at its second and first outputs, which are supplied respectively to the J-input of the trigger 7 and the first output of the capacitor 16. The negative voltage drop U5 of the sensor 2 at the output of the differentiator 5 generates a voltage pulse U6 with a logic level of "0". Under the influence of this pulse, a single-vibrator 15 is launched and a voltage pulse U7 with a logic level “1” is generated at its output, which is supplied to the control inputs of the keys 13, 14. As a result, the latter are closed for the duration of the positive voltage pulse U7 from the output of the single-vibrator 15. When during the closed state of switch 14, the voltage U4 with the logic level “1” does not pass to the J-input of trigger 7, and voltages with levels of logical “0” are set at the J-input, K-input of trigger 7. As a result, trigger 7 saves the previous state during the closed state of keys 13, 14. Upon the decay of voltage pulse U7 of one-shot 15, keys 13, 14 open, and voltage U4 with logic level “1” is applied to the J-input of trigger 7 from the second output of sensor 2 . Since the voltages U4 and U2 are set at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7, respectively, with logical “1” and logical “0” levels, then on the leading edge of the next clock pulse of generator 25, it switches to such a state that at its inverse and direct outputs are set, respectively, the voltage U8 and U9 with levels of logical "0" and logical "1". After that, the LED of the display unit 9 goes out, and the LED of the display unit 10 lights up. At this moment, from the direct output of the trigger 7 through the output terminal 12, a voltage U9 with a logic level of "1" is supplied to the control winding (it is not shown in Fig. 1) of switching on the electromagnetic starter of the pump unit. As a result, the pumping unit is turned on, and the replenishment of the tank 23 with the liquid 24 begins. At the same time, the level of the liquid 24 begins to rise upward of the tank 23 to the sensitive element of the sensor 1.

The first cycle of control and regulation of the liquid level ends, and the second cycle of the device begins according to the algorithm described above in the first cycle of the device. The second cycle of the device operation is shown in Fig. 5 starting from the moment the voltage pulse U7 expires in the time interval t ₄ -t ₅ and until the voltage pulse U7 ends after the time t ₈ (see Fig. 5).

2. The operation of the device in the mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height with an excited surface of the liquid.

In this mode, vertical or horizontal methods of mounting the device in open and closed tanks (see figure 3, figure 4), the walls of which can be made of conductive or dielectric material, can be used. In this case, the nodes 20 and 21 are installed on the reservoir of the object of operation in vertical or horizontal positions to control both conductive and non-conductive fluids. Moreover, the working end of the sensor 1 of the node 20 is installed higher, and the working end of the sensor 2 of the node 21 is lower than the required controlled liquid level in both vertical and horizontal mounting methods. The functional unit 22, which is the control unit of the device, is installed in the electrical cabinet of the facility. Terminals 6 and 17 are closed to each other, and terminal 18 is connected to terminal 19.

The device can be used in this mode in conditions of unlimited installation space (see Fig. 3), when the object of operation of the device is large tanks and the installation of nodes 20 and 21 of the device is carried out on opposite side walls of the tank with a horizontal method of mounting the device or near opposite side the walls of the tank on its upper wall with a vertical installation method. When using the device in this mode with limited space of the installation zone (see figure 4), when the object of operation can be tanks of both large and small dimensions and the installation of nodes 20 and 21 is carried out on one wall of the tank 23 close to each other horizontal or in vertical ways.

The operation of the device in this mode is similar to its operation in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid when its surface is excited and is described by the diagrams shown in Fig.5. The difference between this mode and the one described above is that in this case a narrower range of control of the level of the controlled fluid is used, which is the width of the control zone of the device and is provided by the displacement in the vertical plane of the symmetry axes of the sensors 1 and 2, respectively, of the nodes 20 and 21 in the horizontal method their installation or the working ends of the sensors 1 and 2, respectively, of the nodes 20 and 21 with a vertical method of their installation (see figure 3, figure 4).

Moreover, the magnitude of such a shift is many times smaller than a fixed height of the level of the controlled fluid, taken as its nominal value, i.e. the nominal value of the height of the controlled liquid level at which it is maintained with a given accuracy. In turn, the magnitude of the indicated displacement determines the accuracy of maintaining the level of the controlled fluid 24. The smaller the displacement, the more accurately the level of the fluid is maintained at its fixed height.

The process of monitoring and maintaining the liquid level 24 at a fixed height is carried out with an accuracy of regulation equal to (± ΔL: 2L) × 100%,

where ΔL is the width of the regulation zone of the device;

L is the nominal value of the height of the level of the controlled fluid 24, installed in the middle of the width of the regulation zone of the device. So, for example, at a nominal set value of the level height of the controlled fluid L = 2 m and with a displacement ΔL = 20 cm, the accuracy of regulation (maintenance) of the fluid level on this one. height is 5%. By choosing in this mode the magnitude of the indicated displacement, it is possible to set the required value of the accuracy of regulating the liquid level at the selected fixed height.

3. The operation of the device in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid with a calm surface of the liquid.

In this mode, vertical or horizontal methods of mounting the device in open and closed tanks (see figure 2) with walls made of conductive or dielectric material are used. In this case, the nodes 20 and 21 are installed on the tanks of the object of operation in vertical or horizontal positions for monitoring both conductive and non-conductive liquids. Functional unit 22, as a control unit of the device, is installed in the electrical cabinet of the object of operation. In this mode, terminals 6 and 17 are open, and terminal 18 is connected to terminal 19. At the same time, the output of the differentiator 5 is disconnected from the input of the one-shot 15 and from the second output of the capacitor 16, and the differentiator 5, the capacitor 16, the one-shot 15, the keys to operate the device in this mode 13, 14 have no effect.

When applying at a time t _o to the device the supply voltage in block 8, the capacitor charges through the emitter-base junction of the npn type transistor (see Fig. 1). At the same time, the transistor of block 8 opens, and through its collector-emitter junction, a voltage pulse U1 with a logic level “0” is applied to the S-input of trigger 7 (see FIG. 6). As a result, the voltages U8 and U9 with the levels of logical “0” and logical “1”, respectively, are set at the inverse and direct outputs of the trigger 7 and at the first and second output terminals 11 and 12. In this case, the LED of the display unit 9 goes out, and the LED of the display unit 10 lights up. After the end of the charge of the capacitor of block 8, its transistor closes and subsequently does not affect the operation of the device circuit, since its base is connected through a resistor to the common ground of the device circuit. Then, at the output of block 8 and at the S-input of trigger 7, voltage U1 is set with a logic level of "1". In this case, the output of the differentiator 5 through its resistor sets the voltage U6 with a logical level of "1". At the same time, the output of the one-shot 15 is set to voltage U7 with a logic level of "0". In the initial state, in the tank 23, the controlled liquid 24 is absent, and the sensitive elements of the sensors 1, 2 are in a dried state.

At the same time, the sensors 1, 2 switch to such states in which the voltages U2, U5 and U3 U4 are set at their first and second outputs, respectively, with logical “0” and logical “1” levels. As a result, voltage U3 is set at the input of differentiator 5 with a logical level of "1". At the time of supplying voltage to the device, the generator 25 switches to the mode of generation of clock pulses, which are fed to the C-input of the trigger 7. Along with this, at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 from the second output of the sensor 2 and from the first output of the sensor 1 are installed voltage U4 and U2, respectively, with levels of logical "1" and logical "0". With this combination of logic signals at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 along the leading edge of the clock pulse of the generator 25, the trigger 7 does not switch to another state, but only its initial state is confirmed, in which the voltage U8 and voltage are set at its inverse and direct outputs U9 with levels of logical "0" and logical "1" respectively. After that, the LED of the display unit 9 continues to be in the off state, and the LED of the display unit 10 is in the illuminated state. In this case, from the direct output of the trigger 7 through the output terminal 12, a voltage U9 with a logic level of "1" is supplied to the control switching winding (not shown in Fig. 1) of the electromagnetic starter of the pump unit. After that, the filling of the tank 23 with the liquid 24 begins, and the controlled level of the liquid 24 in the tank 23 begins to rise.

After a certain period of time at time t ₁ (see FIG. 6), the sensor 24 is washed off by the liquid 24 of the sensor element 2. As a result, the sensor 2 switches to a state in which voltage U4 is set at its second output with a logic level of “0”, which is fed to the J-input of flip-flop 7. and at its first output - voltage U5 with a logic level of "1". In this case, at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 from the second output of the sensor 2 and from the first output of the sensor 1, the voltages U4 and U2 are set with logic levels “0”, at which trigger 7 continues to maintain the previous state, since with this combination logical signals at the J-input and K-input of the trigger 7 on the leading edge of the clock pulse of the generator 25 switching it to another state does not occur. As a result, at time t ₁ , the process of filling the reservoir 23 with the liquid 24 continues.

At time t _{2, the} sensitive element of sensor 1 is washed by a controlled fluid 24. As a result, sensor 1 switches to a state in which at its first output, voltage U2 is set with a logic level of “1, and at the second output, voltage U3 with a logic level is set” 0 ", which is fed to the input of the differentiator 5. In this case, a negative voltage drop U3 at the output of the differentiator 5 generates a voltage pulse U6 with a logic level of" 0 ", but this pulse does not pass to the input of the one-shot 15, since Lemmas 6 and 17 are in the open state, so the single-shot 15 does not start and voltage U7 with a logic level of 0 remains on its output. At the same time, voltage U2 s is set at the first output of sensor 1 and at the K input of trigger 7. level of logic “1.” Since the voltages U4 and U2 are set at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7, respectively, with levels of logical “0” and logical “1”, then it switches to a different state along the leading edge of the next clock pulse of generator 25 at which on its inverse and Direct outputs are set respectively voltage U8 and U9 with levels of logical "1" and logical "0". After that, the LED of the display unit 9 lights up, and the LED of the display unit 10 goes out. At this moment, voltage U8 with a logic level “1” is supplied from the inverted output of trigger 7 through the output terminal 11 to the control winding (not shown in FIG. 1) of turning off the electromagnetic starter of the pump unit. As a result, the pumping unit is turned off, and the filling of the reservoir 23 with the liquid 24 at the time t _{2 is} stopped. After that, the circuit of the device and the position of the level of the controlled fluid 24 can be in this state until then, until it begins to flow.

After time t ₂ , for example, the flow of the monitored liquid 24 begins. After a certain period of time at time t ₃ , the sensing element of sensor 1 is drained. In this case, sensor 1 switches to another state, at which voltage U2 s is established at its first output logical level "0". As a result, the voltage U2 is set at the K-input of trigger 7 with a logic level of "0". Since the voltages U4 and U2 with the logic levels “0” are set respectively at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7, with this combination of logic signals along the leading edge of the next clock pulse of the generator 25, trigger 7 does not switch to another state, and it continues to maintain the previous state, in which the voltage U8 and U9 with levels of logical "1" and logical "0" are set at its inverse and direct outputs. As a result, the flow of liquid 24 continues, and its level continues to fall in the tank 23 down to the sensor element 2.

After a certain period of time at the time t4, the sensing element of the sensor 2 is drained. As a result, the sensor 2 switches to another state, in which the voltage U4 and U5 with the levels of logical “1” and logical “0” are set respectively at its second and first outputs which are supplied respectively to the J-input of the trigger 7 and the first output of the capacitor 16. According to the negative drop in the output voltage U5 of the sensor 2 for generating a voltage pulse U6 by the differentiator 5 and, therefore, starting the same Rathore 15 does not occur because terminals 6 and 17 are in an open state. Therefore, the formation of an output of a single-shot 15 of a voltage pulse U7 with a logic level of "1" does not occur, and voltage U7 with a logic level of 0 continues to be present at its output. Since at the same time the voltages U4 and U2 are set at the J-input and K-input of trigger 7, respectively, with levels of logical “1” and logical “0”, with this combination of logical signals along the leading edge of the next clock pulse of generator 25, trigger 7 switches to another state in which at its inverse and direct outputs voltage U8 and U9 with logical levels of “0” and logical “1” are set respectively. After that, the LED of the display unit 9 goes out, and the LED of the display unit 10 lights up. At this moment, from the direct output of the trigger 7 through the output terminal 12, a voltage U9 with a logic level of “1” is applied to the control winding (it is not shown in FIG. 1) of switching on the electromagnetic starter of the pump unit. As a result, the pumping unit is turned on, and the replenishment of the tank 23 with the liquid 24 begins. The level of the monitored liquid 24 begins to rise up to the sensitive element of the sensor 1. This completes the first cycle of control and regulation of the liquid level, and the second cycle of the device begins according to the algorithm described higher in the first cycle of the device. The second cycle of the device is shown in Fig.6 starting from time (4 to time t ₈ .

4. The operation of the device in the mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at a fixed height with a calm surface of the liquid.

In this mode, vertical or horizontal methods of mounting the device in open and closed tanks (see figure 3, figure 4), the walls of which can be made of conductive or dielectric material, can be used. In this case, the nodes 20 and 21 are installed on the tanks of the object of operation in vertical or horizontal positions for monitoring both conductive and non-conductive liquids. Functional unit 22. as a control unit of the device, is installed in the electrical cabinet of the object of operation Moreover, with both vertical and horizontal installation methods, the working end of the sensor 1 of the node 20 is installed higher, and the working end of the sensor 2 of the node 21 is lower than the required controlled level by the liquid 24. In this mode, terminals 6 and 17 are open, and terminal 18 is connected to terminal 19. In this case, the output of the differentiator 5 is disconnected from the input of the one-shot 15 and from the second output of the capacitor 16, and the device operates in this different mode initiator 5, capacitor 16, single vibrator 15, keys 13, 14 have no effect.

The device can be used in this mode in an unlimited space of the installation zone (see figure 3), when the object of operation of the device is large tanks and the installation of nodes 20 and 21 of the device is carried out on opposite side walls of the tank 23 with a horizontal method of mounting the device or near opposite its side walls on the upper wall of the tank with a vertical installation method.

When using the device in this mode with limited space of the installation zone (see figure 4), when the object of operation can be tanks of both large and small dimensions, the installation of nodes 20 and 21 is carried out on one wall of the tank close to each other horizontal or vertical ways.

The operation of the device in this mode is similar to its operation in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid with a calm surface of the liquid and is described by the diagrams shown in Fig.6. The difference between this mode and the one described above is that in this case a narrower range of control of the level of the controlled fluid is used, which is ensured by the displacement in the vertical plane of the symmetry axes of the sensors 1 and 2, respectively, of the nodes 20 and 21 with the horizontal method of their installation or working ends of the sensors 1 and 2, respectively, of the nodes 20 and 21 with a vertical method of their installation (see figure 3, figure 4).

Moreover, the magnitude of such a shift is many times smaller than a fixed height level of the controlled fluid 24, taken as its nominal value, i.e. the nominal value of the height of the controlled liquid level at which it is maintained with a given accuracy. In turn, the magnitude of the indicated displacement determines the accuracy of maintaining the level of the controlled fluid 24. The smaller the displacement, the more accurately the level of fluid 24 is maintained at its fixed height. By choosing in this mode the magnitude of the indicated displacement, it is possible to set the required value of the accuracy of regulating the liquid level at the selected fixed height.

The process of monitoring and maintaining the liquid level 24 at its fixed height in this mode is carried out with the same control accuracy as in the mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height with the excited surface of the liquid described above.

5. The operation of the device in the mode of liquid level detectors.

The transfer of the device into this operating mode is carried out by disconnecting using the nodes 3, 4 a detachable connection from the first and second functional units 20, 21 of its third functional unit 22, which is not involved in this mode of operation of the device.

In this mode, the nodes 20 and 21 of the device function as indicators of the upper and lower liquid levels, respectively. In this case, they allow vertical and horizontal installation methods at the facility

The operation of the device unit 20 with the functionality of the liquid level upper level switch is described by diagrams U2 and U3 shown in Fig.6. The operation of the device unit 21 with the functionality of the lower liquid level detector is described by diagrams U4 and U5 shown in Fig.6.

In all the modes of operation of the device described above, in the case of unlimited installation space, the device also provides a combined method of installation at the facility, when the assembly of the assembly 20 (21) is carried out in a vertical way, and the assembly of the assembly 21 (20) in a horizontal way.

One unit 20 or 21 of the device in this operating mode can make up a kit with another device operating in the other four modes described above as a system for monitoring and regulating the liquid level, and used as an alarm device, respectively, of the upper or lower limit operating level of the liquid 24 in cases of emergency overfilling or draining the reservoir 23 with the controlled fluid 24.

In addition, both nodes 20, 21, operating in this mode, respectively, as signaling devices of the upper and lower liquid levels, can also make up a set with another device operating in the other four modes described above as a system for monitoring and regulating the liquid level, and be used simultaneously in as two emergency signaling devices of the upper and lower operating limits of the liquid 24 in the tank 23 in the event of an emergency, respectively, overflow or drainage of the tank 23 with the liquid 24.

Therefore, the implementation of sensors 1 and 2 according to variants 1 and 2 of its execution, respectively, in the form of optical or capacitive sensors of the liquid level allows you to expand the functionality of the device by increasing the range of controlled liquids; the introduction of the first and second detachable connection nodes 3, 4 allows you to expand the functionality by increasing the number of device operating modes: the device is structurally constructed in the form of three functional nodes 20, 21, 22 and the third functional node 22 is maintainable, increasing its efficiency during operation.

Thus, the proposed device in comparison with analogues has a number of advantages:

- implementation of a system for monitoring and controlling the liquid level in the form of three compact functional units;

- vertical, horizontal and combined installation methods at the facility;

- the operation of the device as a system for monitoring and regulating the liquid level;

- the operation of the device with the functionality of the level switches of the upper and (or) lower liquid levels;

- work in the mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid;

- work in the mode of maintaining the liquid level in the tank at a given fixed height and with a given control accuracy;

- control and regulation of the liquid level with the deceased and its agitated surfaces;

- simple ways of programming its functionality;

- An expanded range of controlled loads and controlled fluids;

- the possibility of application at facilities with limited space for the installation zone and (or) the control zone;

- increased performance during operation.

In addition, the implementation of the device circuit using semiconductor and (or) hybrid microcircuit manufacturing technologies can significantly reduce its overall dimensions, material consumption and improve operational characteristics.

Such a set of functional capabilities provides, in comparison with analogues, the flexibility of using the proposed device at operational sites with minimal cost indicators.

Claims (1)

A multifunctional device for monitoring and regulating the liquid level, containing the first and second liquid level sensors, a trigger, a first programming terminal, a differentiator whose output is connected to the first programming terminal, a second programming terminal, an initialization unit, the output of which is connected to the trigger S-input , the direct output of which is the second output of the device, the first display unit, the second display unit, the input of which is connected to the direct output of the trigger, characterized in that The first and second detachable connection nodes, which are the programming elements of the device’s functionality, the third and fourth programming conclusions, a capacitor, a one-shot, the input of which is connected to the second output of the capacitor, and the connection point of its input and the second output of the capacitor are connected to the second programming output, the first and the second is voltage keys, the first terminals of which are connected respectively to the K-input and J-input of the trigger, the second terminals are with the common ground of the device, the control inputs are with the output ohms of a single vibrator, a clock generator whose output is connected to the trigger C-input, whose inverse output is the first output of the device, the input of the first display unit is connected to the trigger inverse output, and the connection point of the trigger K-input and the first output of the first voltage key is connected to the third programming conclusion, while the liquid level sensors are optical or capacitive, and the device is structurally made in the form of three functional units, the first functional unit of which includes the first date liquid level infrared with a flexible connecting cable and plug of the first plug-in assembly, the second functional unit - the second fluid level sensor with a flexible connecting cable and plug of the second plug-in assembly, the third functional unit, which is the control unit of the device, which is structurally designed to be repairable, - the rest of the circuit devices, and the first and second functional nodes are connected using flexible cables to the third functional node, respectively, through the first and second nodes once removable connection, while the first output of the second liquid level sensor is connected through the second node of the detachable connection to the first output of the capacitor, the second output of the second liquid level sensor through the second node of the detachable connection is to the J-input of the trigger, the second output of the first liquid level sensor is through the first node of the detachable connections - to the input of the differentiator, the first output of the first liquid level sensor through the first node of the detachable connection - to the fourth programming terminal, when closed with the third terminal After programming and connecting the first and second conclusions of the programming between themselves, the device is transformed into a system for monitoring and regulating the liquid level with its excited surface, providing a mode for filling and emptying the tank with liquid and a mode for maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height, and when the third and the fourth programming conclusions and when the first and second programming conclusions are open, the device is transformed into a control and adjustment system the level of the liquid with its calm surface, providing a mode of filling and emptying the tank with liquid and a mode of monitoring and maintaining the liquid level in the tank at its fixed height, if the third functional unit is disconnected from the first and second functional units using detachable connection units, the device without using it the third functional unit is transformed into a set of two signaling devices for monitoring the upper and lower liquid levels, which are respectively the first second device functional units that provide device operation in the liquid level sensors mode.

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