RU2490580C1 - Three-stage light gas plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: three-stage light gas plant comprises barrels of the first and second stages filled with light gas, a diaphragm, a membrane, a deforming piston of the second stage, a ballistic barrel, a high pressure chamber, a tap with a check valve, a pushing screw, a movable needle.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce mechanical and temperature loads at elements of design, to increase reliability and safety.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for producing super-artillery (about 3 km / s and above), as well as space (about 8 km / s and above) speeds of models and projectiles in laboratory conditions.

Known two-stage light-gas ballistic installations [1-4], in which the propelled assembly (projectile) is accelerated by a light gas (hydrogen, helium) compressed by a piston accelerated in the piston barrel, by the combustion products of the powder charge. The disadvantages of such light gas plants are as follows:

- the use of gunpowder imposes special requirements on the organization of work, equipment of the laboratory premises and qualifications of staff,

- with a rapid increase in pressure (as a rule, quick-burning gunpowders are used in such installations) it is difficult to ensure the stability of forcing (the moment of straining) of the piston of the first stage, which leads to instability of the main parameters of the shot. Moreover, even the use of the diaphragm in the first stage [2] does not provide full reproducibility of the main parameters of the shot, since the moment of aperture breaking significantly depends on the dynamics of loading [5-6].

Three-stage light-gas ballistic installations are known in which the piston of the first stage is accelerated by the combustion products of the powder charge. The disadvantages of such three-stage light gas plants are the same as those of two-stage plants [1-4].

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a three-stage light-gas gun [7], adopted as a prototype of the invention. The three-stage light-gas gun includes a main barrel, which is closed on one side by a bolt with an ignition device, and on the other, connected to a lead barrel. Inside the main barrel is the main piston, which divides the internal volume of the barrel into a powder chamber with a powder charge placed in it and a main chamber filled with hydrogen or helium (first stage). A lead piston is placed in the input part of the lead barrel, which separates the main chamber from the lead chamber (internal volume of the lead barrel) also filled with light gas (second stage). At the other end, the lead barrel is attached to a ballistic barrel, in the input part of which a missile element is placed (third stage).

Installation works as follows. When the ignition device is activated, the powder charge ignites, the combustion products of which accelerate the main piston. As a result of the movement of the main piston, gas is compressed in the main chamber. When a certain pressure is reached, the driving piston starts to compress the gas in the driving chamber. Upon reaching a certain pressure in the leading chamber, it starts moving and the missile element begins to accelerate.

The disadvantages of the described three-stage light gas installation are as follows:

- increased risk of work related to the use of gunpowder,

- poor reproducibility of the main parameters of the shot due to the inability to ensure repeatability of the moment of breaking the piston of the first stage and the pressure of the breakthrough of the diaphragm.

The objective of the invention is to increase the safety and survivability of the installation, increasing the stability of the main parameters of the shot.

The problem is solved in that as a source of energy in the first stage of the installation, instead of gunpowder, compressed gas is used, for example air, hydrogen or helium. For a forced breakthrough of the diaphragm of the first stage, a special device with a movable needle mounted in the bottom of the gas chamber is used.

Like the prototype device, the installation contains a first-stage barrel filled with light gas, bounded on the rear side by a first-stage piston and a diaphragm. The front side of the barrel is docked with a conical adapter, to which the barrel of the second stage is sequentially connected with a gas filled with light gas. A deformable piston of the second stage is placed in the input part of the barrel of the second stage, the other end of the barrel of the second stage is connected to a high-pressure chamber to which a ballistic barrel is attached, containing a missile element and separated by a membrane from the high-pressure chamber. To achieve this goal, the back of the barrel of the first stage is made in the form of a gas chamber equipped with a tap with a check valve to fill the gas chamber with compressed gas, and the bottom of the gas chamber is equipped with a forced breakthrough device for said diaphragm made in the form of a pushing screw that can move a movable needle, interacting with the diaphragm.

The use of compressed gas instead of a powder charge leads to a decrease in mechanical and temperature loads on structural elements. As a result, the survivability, reliability and safety of the installation will increase. This will reduce the requirements for equipping the experimental premises and the qualifications of staff, simplify the organization of work in the part related to the acquisition, storage and use of explosives. Forced breakthrough of the diaphragm of the first stage with the help of a movable needle increases the stability of the main parameters of the shot.

Figure 1 shows an example of a specific implementation of the three-stage light gas installation according to the invention. The installation includes a gas (pneumatic) chamber 1, in the bottom of which a diaphragm breakthrough device is mounted, consisting of a housing 2, a pushing screw 3 and a movable needle 4. In addition, a gas valve with a non-return valve 5 is installed in the wall of the gas chamber, through which it is filled with gas from the cylinder 6 or from the compressor 7. To the gas chamber is connected a barrel of the first stage 8, filled with light gas and separated from the gas chamber by a diaphragm 9. In the inlet of the barrel 8 after the diaphragm 9 is placed a piston of the first stage 10. At the other end of the barrel the first stage by means of a conical adapter 11 is connected to the barrel of the second stage 12, also filled with light gas. In the input part of the barrel of the second stage there is a deformable piston of the second stage 13, which separates the internal volumes of the trunks of the first and second stage. A conical high-pressure chamber 14 is attached to the other end of the barrel of the second stage 14. A ballistic barrel 15 is attached to the output part of the high-pressure chamber, the internal volume of which is separated from the internal volume of the barrel of the second stage by a metal membrane 16, behind which the missile element 17 is located.

Installation works as follows. Using a gas cylinder 6 or compressor 7 through a gas valve 5, the gas chamber 1 is filled with light gas or air to the required (calculated) pressure. When the pushing screw 3 rotates, it pushes a movable needle 4 into the gas chamber, which breaks through the diaphragm 9, after which, under the action of compressed gas, the piston 10 begins to move along the barrel of the first stage 8 and compresses the light gas located in it. Upon reaching the required pressure in the barrel of the first stage, the piston of the second stage 13 begins to move along the barrel of the second stage 12, compressing the gas in the barrel of the second stage and in the high pressure conical chamber 14. When the pressure exceeds the breakthrough pressure of the membrane 16, the latter breaks, and the compressed light the gas begins to accelerate the missile element 17 along the ballistic barrel 15. When the deformable piston 13 enters the high pressure conical chamber 14, its front end is accelerated by deformation, generating additional waves compression, which leads to additional acceleration of the missile element - the so-called hydrodynamic effect.

The presented invention achieves the following technical results:

- thanks to the refusal to use the powder charge, the organization of work is simplified, the requirements for the equipment of the laboratory room in terms of reducing the fire hazard of the room;

- the use of compressed gas instead of a powder charge, leads to a decrease in mechanical and temperature loads on structural elements, to increased survivability, reliability and safety of the installation;

- the use of a device for forced breakthrough of the diaphragm increases the repeatability of experiments due to reliable control by the experimenter of pressure during the breakthrough of the membrane.

Calculations show that cosmic velocities (of the order of 8 km / s and higher) can be obtained at such facilities.

Literature

1. Leconte K. High-speed throwing. In the book: Physics of fast processes. / Ed. ON. Zlatina, vol. 2. M .: World. 1971.

2. Cable A. Accelerators for throwing with ultrahigh speeds. In the book: High-speed shock phenomena. M .: World. 1973.

3. Zlatin N.A., Krasilshchikov A.P., Mishin G.I., Popov N.N. Ballistic installations and their application in experimental studies .: M., Nauka, 1974, 334 p.

4. Khristenko Yu.F. Two-stage light gas installation. RF patent №2251063. Publ. 2005 Bull. No. 12.

5. Khristenko Yu.F. Experimental studies of the main ballistic processes of gas plants // Intern. conf. "All-Siberian Readings in Mathematics and Mechanics": Fav. doc. Tomsk, 06/17/97. Tomsk: Publishing House Tom. state University, 1997.V.2. S.114-122.

6. Khristenko Yu.F. Investigation of the dependence of the LHU diaphragm breakthrough pressure on loading dynamics. In the book: Fundamental and applied problems of modern mechanics. Tomsk: Publishing house of TSU, 2000. S.173-174.

7. Piekutowski A.J., Poormon K.L. Development of a three-stage, light-gas gun at the University of Dayton Research Institute. // International Journal of Impact Engineering 33 (2006) p. 615-624.

Claims (1)

A three-stage light-gas installation containing a first-stage barrel filled with light gas, bounded on the rear side by a first-stage piston and a diaphragm, and a front-end coupled to a conical adapter to which a second-stage barrel is connected sequentially, a deformable piston is placed in the input part of the second-stage barrel the second stage, and the other end of the barrel of the second stage is attached to the high-pressure chamber, to which is attached a ballistic barrel containing inlet part of the missile element and a membrane separated from the high-pressure chamber, characterized in that the rear part of the barrel of the first stage is made in the form of a gas chamber, equipped with a tap with a check valve to fill the gas chamber with compressed gas, and the bottom of the gas chamber is equipped with a device for the forced breaking of the diaphragm, made in the form of a pushing screw having the ability to move a movable needle interacting with the diaphragm.