RU2490560C2 - Device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms with the help of electric energy of centrifugal air pumps, an ammonia thermal pump, a controlled motor, heat exchangers, radiators, a controlled reduction valve, reversible electric motors, thermal controllers, pressure relays. In the mode of air heating and ventilation of rooms the ammonia thermal pump (ATP), while NH₃ is boiling, it collects heat from air of rooms, and discharges air of rooms into atmosphere with temperature equal to atmosphere temperature. In the mode of air cooling and ventilation of rooms the ATP during NH₃ collects heat from atmospheric air, and cooled air is discharged into rooms.

EFFECT: invention provides fresh air and permanent climate of rooms.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention "Device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of premises" relates to the field of energy and can be used in housing and communal services.

For heating and cooling: residential premises, railway stations, metro stations, passenger train cars, apartments of residents of the city and village.

Known electrical appliances for heating indoor air, known air conditioners for cooling indoor air. Their main disadvantage is that they use heat, which produces electric current, so their efficiency cannot be more than one.

In the invention, “Device and method for air heating of air cooling and ventilation of rooms”, the energy of electric current is not used directly to generate heat, but is used to drive an ammonia heat pump (ATH), which takes away heat from air, adds heat from compression of ammonia vapor to this heat and transfers this total heat to the room.

At the same time, in the air heating and ventilation mode, the ammonia compressor takes away heat from the outside air, and in the cooling and ventilation mode, the ammonia compressor takes away heat from the air of the rooms themselves.

In the first case, heat is supplied to the premises, in the second case, heat is removed from the premises.

The energy saving in the “Device and method for air heating of air cooling and ventilation of rooms” is determined by the coefficient of heat productivity of the ammonia heat pump “β” and the coefficient of efficiency of electricity production “η _e ” which is at best no more than η _e = 0.4.

Thus, the efficiency coefficient of the “Device and method for air heating of air cooling and ventilation” is calculated by the formula η _from = βη _e , and with β≥2.5 η _from ≥1.0.

Figure 1 shows the kinematic diagram of the "Device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation", where:

1 - room

2 - air intake for air heating and ventilation

3 - centrifugal supercharger for air supply to the air-ammonia radiator (4)

4 - air-ammonia radiator

5 - output nozzle of heated room air

6 - air intake of air heating rooms

7 - centrifugal supercharger for air supply to the air-ammonia radiator (16)

8 - ammonia-air heat exchanger air cooling

9 - output nozzle of air heating installed at the exit from the premises

10 - ammonia compressor ATN

11 - ammonia-air heat exchanger

12 - receiver (collection) of liquid ammonia

13 - controlled pressure reducing valve

14 - reversible electric motor for reducing valve control (13)

15 - thermal relay in the air heating system

16 - air-ammonia radiator

17 - electric motor

18 - reversible thermal relay for turning on and off the electric motor (17)

19 - air intake for air cooling and ventilation

20 - shutoff valve, turning off and on the air cooling of the premises, at the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (7)

21 - shutoff valve, turning off and on the air heating of rooms, at the inlet to a centrifugal supercharger (7)

22 - shut-off valve, turning on and off the air heating of the premises, at the outlet of the ammonia-air heat exchanger (8)

23 - shutoff valve, turning on and off the air cooling of the premises, at the outlet of the air-ammonia heat exchanger (16)

24 - output nozzle for air cooling and ventilation installed in the room

25 - indoor air intake for air cooling and ventilation

26 - shutoff valve, turning on and off the air cooling and ventilation of the premises, at the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (3)

27 - shutoff valve, turning on and off the air heating and ventilation of the premises, at the entrance to the centrifugal supercharger (3)

28 - shut-off valve, turning on and off air heating and ventilation of premises, at the exit from the air-ammonia radiator (4)

29 - shutoff valve, turning on and off the air cooling and ventilation of the premises, at the exit of the air-ammonia radiator (4)

30 - output nozzle for air cooling and ventilation installed at the exit from the premises

31 - rheostat control the speed of the electric motor (17)

32 - reversible electric motor controlling the rheostat (31)

33 - a room air-cooling thermal relay installed in the air.

34 - pressure switch installed in an ammonia-air heat exchanger (11)

35 - pressure switch installed in an ammonia-air heat exchanger (8).

).Figure 2 shows the thermodynamic cycle of an ammonia heat pump in coordinates absolute temperature (T K) as a function of entropy ( $$S\frac{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^o}$$

)

Where: line ak - the beginning of the boiling of ammonia. Point "k" point is a critical parameter of ammonia.

line kb is the line of the end of boiling ammonia.

line 1-2 - adiabat of vapor compression NH ₃

line 2-3 - isotherm (isobar) of vapor condensation NH ₃

line 3-2 - ammonia expansion adiabat

line 4-1 - isotherm (isobar) boiling NH ₃

S ₂ - the entropy of the point "2"

S ₃ - the entropy of the point "3"

Work "Devices and methods for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms" in the heating and ventilation of rooms

(see the kinematic diagram "heating mode" of Fig.1 (a), 2 (a).

In this case, the shutoff valves (20) (23) (26) and (29) are closed, and the shutoff valves (21) (22) (27) and (28) are opened.

Kinematic scheme "Devices and methods for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of a room"

(see Figure 1)

The atmospheric air intake (2) is connected to the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (3), the outlet from which is connected to the inlet to the air-ammonia radiator (4), the outlet from which is connected to the outlet nozzle of the heated room air (5); further: the indoor air intake (6) is connected by a centrifugal supercharger (7) the output from which is connected to the entrance to the air-ammonia radiator (16) the output from which is connected to the output nozzle (9); Further, the output of the ammonia compressor (10) is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (11), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the controlled pressure reducing valve (13), the output from which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (8), the output from which is connected with the entrance to the ammonia compressor (10); further: in the air cooling and ventilation mode, the air intake (19) is connected to a centrifugal supercharger (7) the output from which is connected to an air-ammonia radiator (16) the output from which is connected to the entrance to the output nozzle of air cooling and ventilation of the premises (24) ); further: the indoor air intake (25) is connected to the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (3), the outlet from which is connected to the inlet to the air-ammonia radiator (4), the outlet from which is connected to the outlet nozzle for air cooling and ventilation of the rooms (30); further: the output of the ammonia compressor (10) is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (11) the output from which is connected to the entrance to the controlled pressure reducing valve (13) the output from which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (8) the output from which is connected with the entrance to the ammonia compressor (10); further: a centrifugal supercharger (7), an ammonia compressor (10), an electric motor (17), a centrifugal supercharger (3) are all mounted on one shaft.

The thermal relay (18) for turning the motor on and off (17) is adjusted to turn on the electric motor at T _min = 293 K (+ 20 ° C), the minimum room temperature and to turn off the electric motor (17) at T _max = 298 K (+ 25 ° C ) maximum room temperature.

The thermal relay (15) is adjusted to ensure the temperature of the ATH, T ₁ = T _n '-10 ° C

The pressure switch 35 is turned off, the pressure switch 34 is turned on.

An ammonia heat pump draws heat from indoor air and, with the addition of heat obtained from the compression of NH ₃ vapors in an ammonia compressor (10), ATH transfers the total heat during condensation of NH ₃ vapors to an ammonia-air heat exchanger (11) to atmospheric air moving in an air-ammonia radiator (four). The temperature T ₂ is const and is equal to T ₂ = T _max + 10 ° C. The temperature of the atmospheric air entering the air-ammonia radiator (4) is equal to T _n '

The thermal relay (33) is disabled.

The rheostat (31) is set to constant speed of the electric motor (17). The pressure switch (34) ensures a constant pressure of NH ₃ (P ₂ = P ₃ ) when the pressure changes (P ₁ = P ₄ ).

The boiling point (T ₁ ) of NH ₃ is a function of pressure P ₁ , i.e. T ₁ = F (P ₁ ) and is provided by a pressure reducing valve (13), a reversible electric motor (14) and a thermal relay (15).

Work "Devices and methods for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms" in the cooling and ventilation of rooms

(see the kinematic diagram "cooling mode of Fig. 1 (b), 2 (b))

In this case, the shutoff valves (21) (22) (27) and (28) are closed, and the shutoff valves (20) (23) (26) and (29) are opened.

The thermal relay (15) is turned off. The pressure switch (34) is turned off, the pressure switch (35) is turned on.

An electric motor (17) together with a rheostat (31), a reversible electric motor (32) and a thermal relay (33) provides a temperature T ₂ = T _max + 10 ° С;

The condensation temperature (T ₂ ) of NH ₃ is a function of pressure (P ₂ ), i.e. T ₂ = Ф (Р ₂ ) and is provided by a thermal relay (33), a rheostat (31) and an electric motor (17).

The reversible thermal relay (18) turns on the electric motor (17) at (T _max = 298 ° K) and turns off the electric motor at (T _min = 293 ° K). The pressure switch (35) ensures a constant pressure (P ₁ = P ₄ ). When the pressure changes (P ₂ = P ₃ ).

T _max - the maximum allowable room temperature.

T _min - the minimum allowable room temperature.

The manufacture of a “Device and method for air heating of air cooling and ventilation of rooms” is possible because the nodes and assemblies indicated on the kinematic diagram (see FIG. 1) are widely used in technology (electric motors, heat pumps, heat exchangers, radiators, shut-off valves).

The manufacture of the “Device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation” is confirmed by elementary thermodynamic calculation.

) с изменением температуры Т К.The calculation is performed in specific parameters for heat contents and absolute temperatures, taking into account changes in the heat content of atmospheric air at constant pressure ( $$Cp\frac{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^{\mathrm{about}}}$$

) with temperature T K.

Calculation of ammonia heat pump during operation of the “Device and method for air heating air cooling and ventilation of rooms” in the mode of air heating and ventilation of rooms

(see the kinematic diagram of the "Device and method for air heating air cooling and ventilation of rooms" operating in heating mode).

Accepted: T _max = 298 K (+ 25 ° C) - maximum room temperature

T _min = 293 K (+ 20 ° C) - minimum room temperature

T _n '= 263 K (-10 ° C)

Under these conditions, the parameters of the ATN

T ₁ = T ₄ = (T _n '-10 ° C) = 263-10 = 253 ° K (-20 ° C)

T ₂ = T ₃ = (T _max + 10 ° C) = 298 + 10 = 308 ° K (+ 35 ° C)

Correspondingly, the ammonia pressure in the ATN circuit in the boiling zone of ammonia (ammonia-air heat exchanger (8)) at T ₁ = T ₄ = 253 ° K is calculated using the thermodynamic experimental data described in the reference book of the thermophysical properties of ammonia.

$$P_{\mathrm{one}}=P_{\mathrm{four}}=1.9644\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{m}^2}-f\left(T_n^{\text{'}\text{'}}K\right)$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3=\mathrm{13,7999}\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{m}^2}-const$$

Q ₃₀₈ ⁰ is the heat of condensation of ammonia at T ₂ = T ₃ = 308 K and P ₂ = P ₃ = 13,7999 $$\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2}$$

$$Q_{308}{}^0=276.75-\frac{276.75-\mathrm{266,384}}{10}\times 8=268.4572\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2=9.993-\frac{9.993-9.88}{10}\times 8=9.9817\frac{\mathrm{to}D\mathrm{well}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^0}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3=\mathrm{6,128}+\frac{\mathrm{6,286}-\mathrm{6,128}}{10}\times 8=6.2544\frac{\mathrm{to}D\mathrm{well}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^0}$$

.Q ₂₅₃ ⁰ is the heat of boiling of ammonia at T ₁ = T ₄ = 253 K; P ₁ = P ₄ = 1.9644 $$\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2}$$

.

$$Q_{253}{}^0=253\frac{S_2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3}{4.1868}=253\frac{9.9817-6.2544}{4.1868}=\mathrm{225,2333}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}$$

Q _ak - heat equivalent to the required power for the drive of an ammonia compressor (10) Q _ak = Q ₃₀₈ ⁰ -Q ₂₅₃ ⁰ = 268.4572-225.2333 = 43.2239 kk

Effective efficiency in electricity production η _e = 0.4.

The energy saving during air heating of premises, in our case, is η _from = βη _e .

$$\beta =\frac{Q_{308}{}^0}{Q_{\mathrm{but}\mathrm{to}}}=\frac{268.4572}{}\mathrm{43,2239}=6.2$$

$${\eta }_{\mathrm{about}t}=6.2\times 0.4=2.48$$

η _from = 2.48 energy saving 148%

Calculation of ammonia heat pump during operation of the "Device and method for air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms" in air cooling and ventilation

(see the kinematic diagram of the "Device and method for air heating air cooling and ventilation" cooling mode).

Accepted: T _max = 298 K (+ 25 ° С) - maximum room temperature

T _min = 293 K (+ 20 ° С) - minimum room temperature

T _n '= 313 K (+ 40 ° C)

Under these conditions, the parameters of the ATN

T ₁ = T _min -10 ° C; T ₂ = T _n '+ 10 ° C

Accepted: T _max = 298 K (+ 25 ° С) - maximum room temperature

T _min = 293 K (+ 20 ° С) - minimum room temperature.

T _n '= 313 K (+ 40 ° C)

Under these conditions, the parameters of the ATN

T ₂ = 313 + 10 = 323 K (+ 50 ° C)

T ₁ = 293-10 = 283 K (+ 10 ° C)

Accordingly, the ammonia pressure in the ATN circuit in the boiling zone of ammonia (ammonia-air radiator (16)) at T ₁ = T ₄ = 283 ° K is calculated using the thermodynamic experimental data set forth in the reference books on the thermophysical properties of ammonia

$$P_{\mathrm{one}}=P_{\mathrm{four}}=\mathrm{5,6306}+\frac{7.9112-\mathrm{5,6306}}{10}\times 3=\mathrm{6,3147}\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_3=\mathrm{19,0408}+\frac{\mathrm{24,7142}-\mathrm{19,0408}}{10}\times 3=\mathrm{20,7428}$$

Q ₃₂₃ - heat condensation of ammonia at

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="T"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_3={323}^{o}K=255.5400-\frac{255.54-\mathrm{243,455}}{10}\times 3=251.9145\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2=9.7760-\frac{\mathrm{9,776}-9.68}{10}\times 3=9.7472\frac{\mathrm{to}D\mathrm{well}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^{\mathrm{about}}}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3=6.4400+\frac{\mathrm{6,593}-6.44}{10}\times 3=6.4859\frac{\mathrm{to}D\mathrm{well}}{\mathrm{to}{g}^{\mathrm{about}}}$$

$$Q_{283}{}^0=283\frac{S_2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="00000020.png,00000022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3}{4.1868}=283\frac{9.7472-6.4859}{4.1868}=\mathrm{220,4423}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}$$

$$Q_{\mathrm{but}\mathrm{to}}=Q_{323}-Q_{283}{}^0=251.9145-\mathrm{220,4423}=\mathrm{31,4722}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{to}$$

$$\beta =\frac{Q_{308}}{Q_{\mathrm{but}\mathrm{to}}}=\frac{251.9145}{\mathrm{31,4722}}=\mathrm{8,0043}$$

η _from = βη _e = 8.0043 × 0.4 = 3.2 energy savings of 220%.

Claims (4)

1. A device for air heating of air cooling and ventilation of rooms, consisting of: electric motors, ammonia heat pump, centrifugal blowers, heat exchangers, radiators, shut-off valves, thermal relays, pressure switches, characterized in that in the mode of air heating and ventilation the air intake (2) is connected to the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (3), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the air-ammonia radiator (4), the output of which is connected to the outlet nozzle of the heated air niy (5); Further, the indoor air intake (6) is connected by a centrifugal supercharger (7), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the air-ammonia radiator (16), the output of which is connected to the output nozzle (9); Further, the output of the ammonia compressor (10) is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (11), the exit from which is connected to the entrance to the controlled pressure reducing valve (13), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (8), the exit from which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia compressor (10); Further, in the air cooling and ventilation mode, the atmospheric air intake (19) is connected to a centrifugal supercharger (7), the output of which is connected to an air-ammonia radiator (16), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the output nozzle of air cooling and ventilation of rooms ( 24); Further, the indoor air intake (25) is connected to the inlet to the centrifugal supercharger (3), the outlet of which is connected to the entrance to the air-ammonia radiator (4), the outlet of which is connected to the outlet nozzle for air cooling and ventilation of the premises (30); Further, the output of the ammonia compressor (10) is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (11), the exit from which is connected to the entrance to the controlled pressure reducing valve (13), the output of which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia-air heat exchanger (8), the exit from which is connected to the entrance to the ammonia compressor (10); Further, a centrifugal supercharger (7), an ammonia compressor (10), an electric motor (17), a centrifugal supercharger (3) are all mounted on one shaft. 2. The method of air heating of air cooling and ventilation of rooms consists in the fact that for the purposes of air heating, air cooling and ventilation of rooms, an ammonia heat pump is used, which in the heating and ventilation of rooms and in the cooling and ventilation of rooms provides a constant climate of rooms with fluctuations room air temperature from +20 to +25 for air heating and room temperature fluctuations from +25 to +20 for air cooling of rooms. 3. The method according to claim 2 is provided with air heating and ventilation of the premises using an ammonia heat pump with parameters (see figure 1, figure 2 heating mode) T ₁ = T ₄ = T _n '-10 ° C P ₁ = P ₄ = f (T _n ) and atmospheric air thermal relay (15), a reversible electric motor (14) controlled by a pressure reducing valve (13), and a pressure switch (35), which provides P ₂ = P ₃ -conCt and T ₂ -T ₃ -conCt. 4. The method according to claim 2 is provided with air cooling and ventilation of the premises using an ammonia heat pump with parameters (see figure 1, figure 2 cooling mode) T ₂ = T ₃ = T _n '+ 10 ° C; P ₂ = P ₃ = F (T _n ') and a thermal relay (33), a reversible electric motor (32), a control rheostat (31) and an electric motor (17) and a pressure switch (35), which provides P ₁ = P ₄ -conCt and T ₁ = T ₂ -conCt.

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