RU2489301C1 - Navigation buoy (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to floating navigation equipment, particularly, to buoy intended for buoyage and marking definite waterway risks. Navigation buoy comprises streamlined sealed housing divided by waterproof baffles into compartments, light-optical hardware built around LEDs arranged at buoy head section, and stabilisation ballast. Cylindrical container is arranged inside said housing to accommodate the rod displacing in guides secured to said container along its axis and provided with stabilisation ballast secured to rod end. Thrust flange is rigidly attached to said rod to rest upon spring arranged between on of rod guides and thrust flange. Rotor with permanent magnets of linear electric generator is fitted on rod at the center. Linear generator stator is secured at cylindrical container inner surface. Stator winding is connected to input of charging device. Charging device output is connected to storage battery supplying light-optical hardware. In compliance with the second version, stabilisation ballast is attached to cylindrical container. One end of the rod is secured to buoy sealed housing. Thrust flange is rigidly secured at the rod. Spring is fitted atop the rod between upper guide and thrust flange.EFFECT: simplified design, higher power supply.2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to floating equipment for navigation equipment - to a buoy designed to enclose fairways and individual navigational hazards in navigable waters.

An analogue is, for example, an inertial-piston wave power plant (RF patent No. 2388933, published on 05/10/2010). The installation contains a buoy, an autonomous electrical source and a charging power device with a mechanism for connecting it to the source, an inertial piston made with the possibility of reciprocating movement up and down due to vertical movements of the buoy under the influence of water surface vibrations, and spring shock absorbers.

The closest to the proposed navigation buoy is an ice sea buoy (RF patent No. 2399546, published on September 20, 2010). The sea buoy contains a streamlined sealed enclosure, separated by waterproof bulkheads into compartments, light-optical equipment on LEDs located in the head of the buoy body, stabilizing ballast mounted on the shank of the buoy, an autonomous inertial power plant located in the tail compartment of the buoy body. The autonomous inertial power plant has a cylindrical hermetic container in which an inertial piston is located, which is rigidly attached by spring shock absorbers to the upper and lower parts of the tank.

In the prototype, when exposed to a wave buoy, forced oscillations of the inertial piston arise in a sealed container, compressing the air in the tank, which is supplied through pipelines to the Wells turbine and rotates it. The impeller of the turbine rotates the rotor of the DC generator, from the winding of the anchor of which electricity is removed, providing power to the optical equipment of the buoy.

The main disadvantages of the prototype is the low power output that the inertial power plant can provide, as well as the complexity of the installation and the high cost of its manufacture.

The methodology for calculating the power of an inertial power plant is given, for example, in RF patent No. 2037642 published on June 19, 1995.

We take the parameters of the inertial power plant, which are realized practically on a navigation buoy: pendulum mass m = 50 kg; vibration amplitude A = 0.1 m; the oscillation period equal to the period of the waves, T = 3 s. The oscillation frequency is ω = 2 · π / T = 2.1 1 / s. The mechanical energy possessed by the pendulum at given vibration parameters and maximum speed is

$$E=\frac{m\cdot A^2\cdot {\omega }^2}{2}=1.05\text{J}$$

During the period of oscillations, the pendulum accumulates such energy twice when the equilibrium position passes, hence the mechanical power that can be converted into electrical will be

$$P=\frac{2\cdot E}{T}=0.7\mathrm{AT}t$$

It should be noted that the energy in the prototype is converted three times:

first, the mechanical energy of the pendulum is converted into the energy of compressed air, then the energy of the compressed air is converted into the mechanical energy of a rotating turbine and the rotor of the DC generator, and finally, the generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating rotor into electrical energy. With each conversion there will be energy losses, as a result of which the electric power will be less than the initial mechanical power, at least 2-3 times. Obviously, the electric power P = 0.3-0.2 W is insufficient for the operation of the light-optical equipment of the buoy.

In addition to the low output power of the power plant of the buoy in the prototype, it should be noted its complexity associated with the triple conversion of energy, and therefore the high cost of its manufacture.

The present invention (two options) will allow you to create a navigation buoy with a power plant of greater power, simpler and cheaper than that of the prototype.

This is achieved by the fact that in a navigation buoy containing a streamlined sealed enclosure, separated by waterproof bulkheads into compartments, light-emitting diode equipment on LEDs located in the head part of the buoy body, and a stabilizing ballast, a cylindrical container is installed in the internal cavity of the streamlined sealed enclosure. The rod moves along the axis of the container in the guides; a stabilizing ballast is fixed at the end of the rod. A thrust pad is fixedly fixed to the rod, which rests on a spring located between one of the rod guides and the thrust pad, and a rotor with permanent magnets of a linear electric generator is installed on the rod in the middle part. The stator of the linear electric generator is fixed on the inner surface of the cylindrical tank. The stator winding of the generator is connected to the battery charger, from which the light-optical equipment is powered (the first option).

According to the second option, a cylindrical container is installed in the inner cavity of the streamlined sealed housing, to which the stabilizing ballast is fixedly attached, a rod attached at one end to the airtight housing of the buoy is placed along the axis of the cylindrical container, a thrust pad is fixedly fixed on the rod. A spring is installed in the upper part of the rod between the upper guide and the thrust pad, and in the middle part of the rod there is a rotor with permanent magnets of the linear electric generator, the stator of the linear electric generator, as in the first version, is fixed on the inner surface of the cylindrical container, the stator winding of the generator connected to the input of the charger, and the output of the charger is connected to the battery from which the light-optical equipment is powered.

The proposed design of the buoy allows many times to increase the output power of the power plant of the buoy, to simplify the design of the buoy and make it cheaper.

The increase in the output power of the power plant of the buoy is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed navigation buoy, non-mechanical energy accumulated by the inertial pendulum is converted into electrical energy, as occurs in the prototype. In the proposed navigation buoy, when the navigation buoy is raised to the wave crest, the mechanical energy of the movement of the sealed enclosure is converted into electrical energy under the action of the Archimedes force together with the stator of the electric generator relative to the stabilizing ballast and the linear electric generator connected to the rotor ballast. When the navigation buoy is lowered from the wave crest, the mechanical energy of the motion of the stabilizing ballast and the rotor attached to the ballast relative to the sealed housing and stator of the generator under the influence of the gravity of the ballast and rotor is converted into electrical energy. As will be shown below, the mechanical energy that can be converted into electrical energy with the same vibration parameters in the proposed navigation buoy is much greater than in the prototype.

In addition, in the proposed navigation buoy, mechanical energy is directly converted into electrical energy, while in the prototype the mechanical energy of the pendulum is first converted into compressed air energy, then the compressed air energy is converted again into the mechanical energy of a rotating turbine, and finally, the direct current generator converts mechanical energy turbine energy into electrical. For each energy conversion in the prototype, an appropriate device is provided, as a result, the design of the buoy made according to the prototype will be complex and expensive. In the proposed navigation buoy there are no additional devices for intermediate energy conversions, its design is simpler and cheaper than that of the prototype.

Figure 1 shows the axial section of the navigation buoy - the first option. In Fig.2 is a diagram of a linear electric generator, in Fig.3 is a second design variant of the navigation buoy.

The navigational buoy shown in Fig. 1 has a sealed housing 1 divided by watertight bulkheads 2 into compartments, light-optical equipment 3 on LEDs located in the head of the buoy body, and stabilizing ballast 4. A cylindrical container 5 made of ferromagnetic material, the axis of which in the guides 6 and 7, mounted in a cylindrical tank 5, is a rod 8 made of non-magnetic material. At the end of the rod 8 is installed stabilizing ballast 4 buoy. A thrust pad 9 is fixedly mounted on the rod 8, which rests on a spring 10 located between the guide 7 of the rod 8 and the thrust pad 9, and a rotor 11 with permanent magnets of a linear electric generator is installed in the middle part of the rod 8. The stator 12 of the linear electric generator is fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the cylindrical container 5. In the upper compartment 13 of the navigation buoy there is a charger 14 and a battery 15. The winding of the stator 12 of the generator is connected to the input of the charger 14, and the output of the charger 14 is connected to the battery 15, from which is powered by light-optical equipment 3 navigation buoy. The navigation buoy has an eye 16, to which the anchor chain 17 is fixed, holding the buoy in place.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a linear electric generator. The rotor 11 (Fig. 1) of the generator mounted on the rod 8 consists of disk-shaped poles 18 and disk permanent magnets 19 located between the poles 18. The permanent magnets 19 are axially magnetized and when installed on the rod 8, the magnets 19 are placed so that their polarity alternated. Then the polarity of the poles 18 will also alternate, as shown in Fig.2. Between the poles 18, dividing rings 20 of the rotor 11 are made of non-magnetic material, which protect the permanent magnets 19 from mechanical damage. The stator 12 (Fig. 1) of a linear electric generator mounted on the inner surface of the cylindrical container 5 consists of teeth 21 of a disk shape between which a single-phase winding 22 is placed. The spacer ring 23 of the stator 12 provides a predetermined distance between the teeth 21 and must be made of ferromagnetic material. The number of poles 18 and permanent magnets 19 of the rotor, as well as the number of teeth of the stator 21 and the number of sections of the stator winding 22 can be increased depending on the parameters of the power plant of the buoy.

Navigation buoy works as follows. In the initial state, in the absence of a wave, the weight of the stabilizing ballast 4 and the stiffness of the spring 10 should be chosen so that the rotor 11 and the stator 12 are symmetrically relative to each other, as shown in Fig.2. When the wave approaches, the sealed buoy body 1 with a cylindrical tank 5 and stator 12 rises to the wave crest and moves relative to the rod 8 with stabilizing ballast 4 and rotor 11, while the spring 10 is compressed, creates pressure on the thrust pad 9 and forces the rod 8 with ballast 4 and rotor 11 to move after the sealed housing 1, but with some lag. When descending from the crest of the wave, the sealed housing 1 with a cylindrical tank 5 and stator 12 and the rod 8 with ballast 4 and rotor 11 move towards each other. By inertia and under the action of the force of the spring 10, the rod 8 passes the neutral position, and now the direction of displacement of the rod 8 with the ballast 4 and the rotor 11 relative to the housing 1 with a cylindrical tank 5 and the stator 12 is reversed. As the next crest of the wave approaches, everything repeats. Thus, the waves create an oscillatory movement of the sealed housing 1 relative to the stabilizing ballast 4 and the rod 8, and hence the rotor 11 relative to the stator 12 of the linear electric generator.

When the rotor 11 is displaced relative to the stator 12 of the linear electric generator, the flux linkage of the winding 22 of the stator 12 of the generator changes in magnitude and sign, as a result of which a variable electromotive force is induced in the winding. Since the rotor 11 and the stator 12 are located symmetrically, as shown in FIG. 2, in the initial state, that is, in the absence of waves of water and oscillations of the rod 8, when vibrating, the displacement rate of the rotor 11 relative to the stator 12 in the position shown in FIG. maximum, and therefore, there will be maximum electromotive force and voltage at the output of the winding 22 of the stator 12. Alternating voltage from the output of the winding 22 is supplied to the compartment 13 to the input of the charger 14, and from the output of the charger 14 the rectified voltage is supplied to the input acc stimulants 15 that charges the battery 15 provides twice the period of oscillations rod 8.

Let us evaluate the mechanical oscillation power that can be converted into an electric linear electric generator. When climbing a wave crest, the displacement of the sealed housing 1 relative to the rod 8 occurs under the action of a force Fп, the maximum value of Fпmax is

Fпmax = Fa-Фк-Фб-Фц,

where Fa = γв · V · g-Fk is the Archimedes force acting on the sealed housing 1;

Fk is the weight of the sealed housing 1 of the buoy with a cylindrical capacity of 5, with a stator 12, with light-optical equipment 3, a battery and a charger located in the upper compartment 13 of the buoy;

Fb - the weight of the rod 8 with ballast 4 and rotor 11;

FC - the weight of the sagging part of the anchor chain 17;

γw is the density of water;

V is the volume of the sealed enclosure 1;

g is the acceleration of gravity.

Hence, the mechanical energy of the movement of the rod 8 relative to the housing 1 when lifting the navigation buoy on the crest of the wave is

W _MP = F _P · Vm.

When descending from the crest of the wave, the displacement of the rod 8 relative to the sealed housing 1 occurs under the action of the force Fb.

The mechanical energy of the rod 8 relative to the housing 1 when lowering the navigation buoy from the crest of the wave is

W _MC = Fb · Vm.

Since the buoy oscillation period is taken to be T = 3 s, it is possible to find the average mechanical power that the rod 8 has when oscillating with respect to body 1

Pm = (Wmp + Wmc) / T.

We define Rm for the river buoy RB-4-02 with the same mass of stabilizing ballast m = 50 kg and the same vibration parameters as the prototype considered above: vibration amplitude A = 0.1 m, vibration period T = 3 s. The maximum displacement velocity of the rotor 11 relative to the stator 12 will be equal to Vm = A · ω = 0.21 m / s. Parameters of the navigation river buoy RB-4-02: force Fa = 6560 H (670 kg); Fc = 1960 H (200 kg); Fb = 490 H (m = 50 kg); FC up to 980 H (up to 100 kg). According to these parameters, we obtain

Fпmax = Fa-Фк-Фб-Фц = 3130 H;

Wmpmax = Fпmax · Vm = 657 J;

Wms = Fb · Vm = 103 J;

Pmmax = (Wmp + Wmc) / T = 253 W.

If we assume that a linear electric generator, when climbing a wave crest, uses only part of the mechanical power Wmpmax equal to Wmc, then we get Рm = 69 W.

As you can see, the mechanical power of the power plant buoy is many times increased in comparison with the prototype. After the conversion of mechanical power into electrical power by a linear electric generator, electrical power will be enough to recharge the battery 15, which feeds the optical equipment 3.

The proposed design of the navigation buoy is much simpler than that of the prototype, since it excludes a pump that compresses the air, and a turbine, the rotation of which is created by compressed air. Therefore, the manufacture of the proposed navigation buoy will cost less than the manufacture of the prototype.

In the navigation buoy shown in FIG. 2, water may enter the gap between the guide 7 and the rod 8, which may interfere with the operation of the linear electric generator. This disadvantage is eliminated in another embodiment of the navigation buoy (Fig.3) in which the stabilizing ballast 4 is fixedly mounted in the cylindrical cavity 5, and the end of the rod 8 is attached to the sealed housing 1 of the buoy. In this embodiment, the rod 8 and the rotor 11 of the linear electric generator together with the sealed housing 1 oscillates relative to the cylindrical cavity 5 with the stabilizing ballast 4 and stator 12 attached to it. In the navigation buoy of FIG. 3, the rod 8 is introduced into the cylindrical cavity 5 through guide 6 located at the top of the buoy. In this design, the gap between the guide 6 and the rod 8 is easier to protect from water entering the cylindrical cavity 5, in which the rotor 11 and the stator 12 of the linear electric generator are located. According to the energy characteristics, the options for the navigation buoy shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 are equivalent.

Claims (2)

1. A navigation buoy containing a streamlined sealed enclosure separated by waterproof bulkheads into compartments, light-emitting diode optical equipment located in the head of the buoy’s housing, and a stabilizing ballast, characterized in that a cylindrical container is installed in the internal cavity of the housing, the axis of which in the guides, attached to the cylindrical container, the rod moves, a stabilizing ballast is installed at the end of the rod, a thrust pad that is supported by a spring is fixedly fixed on the rod located between one of the rod guides and the thrust pad, and in the middle part of the rod there is a rotor with permanent magnets of a linear electric generator, the stator of the linear electric generator is mounted on the inner surface of the cylindrical container, the stator winding of the generator is connected to the input of the charger, and the output of the charger connected to the battery from which the optical equipment is powered. 2. A navigation buoy containing a streamlined sealed enclosure divided by waterproof bulkheads into compartments, light-emitting diode optical equipment located in the head part of the buoy enclosure, and a stabilizing ballast, characterized in that a cylindrical container is installed in the inner cavity of the housing, to which the stabilizing ballast is fixedly attached , along the axis of the cylindrical container in the rails there is a rod attached at one end to the sealed housing of the buoy, a thrust pad is fixedly fixed on the rod ka, a spring is installed in the upper part of the rod between the upper guide and the thrust pad, and a rotor with permanent magnets of a linear electric generator is installed on the rod in the middle part, the stator of the linear electric generator is fixed on the inner surface of the cylindrical container, the stator winding of the generator is connected to the input of the charger, and the output of the charger is connected to the battery, from which the optical equipment is powered.

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