RU2488132C2 - Mobile voltage impulse and surge-current generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: features of mobile voltage impulse and surge-current generator (MVISCG) in field conditions allow shaping of full-scale current pulses similar to currents occurring in equipment and grounds with earthing network in result of lightning discharge.

EFFECT: creation of mobile test laboratories in compliance with procedures for designed, operating or reinstalled high-voltage equipment, equipment of ground- and sea-based space complexes, communication means and other facilities at their working places.

12 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to applied electrical engineering. More specifically, a mobile pulse voltage and current generator (M-GIN) relates to devices for testing electrical equipment and their lightning protection systems. The characteristics of M-GIN allow you to create full-field current pulses in the field, similar to the currents that occur in equipment and soils of ground loops from lightning.

M-GIN allows you to create mobile laboratories for testing in accordance with the regulations of the designed, current and newly installed high-voltage equipment, equipment of space complexes of land and sea based, communications and other objects directly at their workplaces, i.e. without dismantling and delivery of equipment to specialized test benches.

State of the art

Currently, to test equipment for determining the degree of reliability of lightning protection facility (lightning resistance), the equipment is divided into individual components, which are transported and tested separately from each other at specialized test benches. As a rule, the regulations require full-scale testing of equipment lightning protection, which can only be done under stationary conditions in several specialized test centers in the world. In these centers, powerful pulsed voltage generators (GIN) with an energy of more than 1 MJ are used to generate a high voltage pulse that would create current pulses in equipment similar to currents from a direct shock of natural lightning. Stationary GINs are large in size and mass, of the order of 50 tons or more [1-11]. For mobile testing facilities, the circuit design solutions of these GINs are not acceptable. There are no mobile laboratories for full-scale testing of lightning protection systems for this reason, as a result of which there are no databases on the spreading of pulsed currents in real ground loops, and there are no design formulas and methods. Existing methods for calculating pulsed lightning currents have an unacceptably large error. According to operating experience, the proportion of lightning blackouts is from 20 to 50% of the total number of blackouts of overhead power lines (OHL). Thunderstorms negatively affect the operation of both the lines themselves and the substation equipment, reducing the service life of circuit breakers, secondary equipment, etc.

The closest prototype GIN is a patented invention [3], see Figure 1. The GIN consists of a metal housing 1 filled with transformer oil, a compensator for volume 2, a housing cover 3. The output voltage pulse is output through a detachable connection 5 having a Rogowski belt 4. The GIN has a high-voltage input 7 for charging capacitors, and an electric input 6 for the control electrodes of the arresters . This GIN weighing about 1 ton has a maximum output voltage of 1.2 MB and a maximum stored energy of 1 kJ. Such parameters do not allow full-scale simulation of currents from a lightning strike. There are no other transported GINs, but with large parameters in terms of voltage and energy, per pulse.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The M-GIN electrical circuit is made according to the Arkadyev-Marx cascade voltage multiplication scheme with some additions. In contrast to the prototype [3] M-GIN has mobility and large parameters in terms of voltage and energy per pulse, see Figure 2. M-GIN in the working position is installed vertically. M-GIN consists of a housing 1 of a dielectric material with a developed outer surface that prevents surface breakdown. In the housing 1 there are capacitors 5 and resistors 4, mounted between the dielectric plates 2 and 7. The plates 2 and 7 form the same in shape and content boxes in the form of disks, which, in turn, are reinforced by layers on the central supporting weight and dynamic load support pipe 8 or interconnected by rods 12 of dielectric material. The support tube 8 is made of a dielectric, inside of which, for example, terminals 13 of the connectors for connecting the response terminals 14 from the arresters 15 are output. Each spark gap 15 is connected to a corresponding capacitor bank 5. The generator housing 1 is mounted on the support base 16. An output voltage pulse is output to the electrode 10, which is located on the pipe 11 at a distance from the ground, which eliminates the breakdown. The support pipe 8 is hermetically connected on one side to the support base 16 and, on the other hand, through a movable coaxial seal with a hatch 9 in the upper part of the housing so that the volumes of the housing and the pipe are hermetically separated from the volume of the support pipe. In the support pipe 8, a block of arresters 15 is installed inside the pipe, on which there are terminals 14, connected with a predetermined force by means of controlled clamps to the corresponding terminals 13 from the capacitor banks 5. In the stowed position on the vehicle, the M-GIN is horizontal on the lodgement 17, cm Figure 3.

From the known designs of pulse current generators [1-11], M-GIN has the following differences:

- the housing 1, see Figure 2, is connected by a flange to the support base 16, is sealed from a dielectric material and has an outer surface, the shape of which prevents surface breakdown;

- in working condition on the surface of the earth, the housing is placed on a support base and has an electrode 10 in the upper part for outputting an electrical impulse, which is mounted on the end of the pipe 11 connected to the housing 1 and the electrode 10 hermetically;

- the pipe 11 is made of dielectric material and has an outer surface, the shape of which prevents surface breakdown;

- in the case, capacitors 5 and resistors 4 (generator elements) are placed in identical flat boxes (for example, for a cylindrical case in the form of disks) between plates 2 and 7 of durable dielectric material, which together with the box are transparent to move the gaseous dielectric, which the internal volume of the housing and the nozzle is filled;

- boxes (disks) with generator elements through their through holes coaxially along the longitudinal axis of the housing are mounted on a support pipe, which is hermetically connected on one side to the support base 16 and on the other hand through a movable coaxial seal with a hatch 9 in the housing 1 so that the internal volume of the support pipe is separated from the internal volume of the housing;

- plates 2, 7 of strong dielectric material in the boxes (disks) around their perimeter have pneumatically (hydraulically) controlled spacers 3, which ensure the fixation of the generator elements and the uniform distribution of the load from them to the inner cylindrical surface of the housing 1 during transportation and installation in a vertical position;

- in the support tube 8 is placed a package of arresters 15, having the shape of a cylinder with protruding on its surface along the helical line contacts 14 of the connectors from the connection terminals of the arresters 15;

- in the through holes of the boxes there are contacts 13 of connectors that are reciprocal to the package of arresters, which, due to rotation of the same boxes (disks) by a given angle relative to the axis of their through holes, are located along a helical line similar to that of the package of arresters, so that it is possible install the package of arresters in the support tube 8 through the hatch 9 in the housing 1 without removing from the body volume of the gaseous dielectric;

- response (same) contacts of connectors from arresters and boxes are connected through intermediate terminals (electrodes) that are hermetically integrated into the wall of the support pipe, connector contacts have pneumatic or hydraulic clamps, compressing the terminals with such a force that will provide the required contact for the maximum discharge current to flow capacitors;

- the contacts responding to the package of arresters are connected to the capacitors and resistors in the box (disk) in such a way that at the moment of the operation of the arresters, the chain of capacitors connected in parallel for charging capacitors in all boxes (disks) is rearranged into a chain of series-connected capacitors of a given total capacity;

- the internal volumes of the generator housing with a nozzle, a support pipe and a package of arresters are made in such a way that allows separately filling and regulating in these volumes the pressure of the gaseous dielectric from the side of the generator base;

- the package of arresters has at least two modifications of the inclusion of arresters: electric potential and a laser beam directed along the axial channel between the electrodes of all arresters in the package;

- in the working position, the generator is relative to the longitudinal axis of its housing 1 vertically and the electrode 10 of the output voltage due to the required length of the nozzle 11 is located from the grounded base 16 of the housing at such an insulating gap that prevents breakdown by a pulse of the maximum voltage generated by the generator;

- in the stowed position, see Figure 3, on the vehicle the generator is located relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing horizontally on the tool tray 17;

- the lodgement has a lifting mechanism and pneumatically controlled grips of the generator casing of such a design that excludes the mobility of the generator casing relative to the lodgement, damage to the outer surface of the casing during transportation and installation of the generator in a vertical position.

Industrial applicability

M-GIN can be used to obtain a data bank:

- by impulse electrical characteristics of soils, buildings, structures, water and aircraft with direct lightning strikes;

- on the electric strength of the linear insulation of power lines when exposed to a wide range of lightning surges;

- on the reliability of protection against direct lightning strikes of complex systems of lightning rods;

- and other data necessary for calculations and reliable operation of equipment lightning protection systems.

Bibliography

1. Kremnev V.V., Mesyats G.A. Methods of multiplication and transformation of pulses in high-current electrical engineering. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1987.

2. Patent RU 2374762 C1, priority 10.29.2008. Pulsed voltage generator. Patent holder: Tretyakov D.V. (RU).

3. Patent RU 2317637 C1, priority 11.07.2006. Pulsed voltage generator. Patent holder: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "RFNC-VNIIEF" (RU).

4. Patent RU 2351064 C1, priority 11.07.2007. Method for the recovery of electrical energy in pulse installations and a device for its implementation. Patentee: Institute of Physics. L.V. Kirensky, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RU).

5. Patent RU 2265952 C1, priority 16.03.2004. Device for magnetic compression and multiplication of pulse voltage. Patent holder: State educational institution of higher professional education "Krasnoyarsk State University", (RU).

6. Patent RU 2097909 C1, priority 04.07.1994. High voltage switching power supply (options). Patent holder: State Enterprise Special Design Bureau of Scientific Instrumentation, (RU).

7. Application RU 2003124684 A1, priority 07.08.2003. High voltage pulse generator. Applicant: The Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Atomic Energy - the Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation (RU) and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "RFNC-VNIIEF" (RU).

8. Application RU 95106732 A1, priority 04/26/1995. Device for simulating lightning currents. Patent holder (classified). Applicant: Central Physical-Technical Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

9. Patent SU 813722 A1, priority 02.26.1979. Multistage pulse voltage generator. Patent holder: company p / R-6511, (RU).

10. Patent SU 824413 A1, priority 01/31/1978. PULSE CURRENT GENERATOR. Patent holder: Institute of Electrodynamics, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR.

11. Patent RU 2185021 C1, priority 02.27.2001. Transformerless high-voltage pulse generator. Patent holder: All-Russian Research Institute of Automation, (RU).

Claims (12)

1. A mobile generator of pulsed voltages and currents (M-GIN), comprising a housing filled with a gas dielectric, in which there are capacitors, resistors and conductors in an airtight package (block) with a common working medium from a mixture of gases, arresters with the formation of a continuous axial channel between electrodes of all neighboring spark gaps connected to capacitors according to the cascade Arkadyev-Marx voltage multiplication scheme, characterized in that the M-GIN is a mobile device that can be transported in its entirety (without disassembling into parts) other vehicle; M-GIN provides in the field the generation of a high voltage pulse, which creates current pulses in the equipment, similar to currents from a direct shock of natural lightning; M-GIN in the working position is relative to the longitudinal axis of the hull vertically, in the transport - horizontally on the tool tray of the vehicle; the outer surface of the housing made of dielectric material has a shape that prevents surface electrical breakdown; an increase in the maximum permissible output voltage of the M-GIN is performed using a nozzle that increases the insulation gap between the electrode to output the generator electric pulse and ground, and the shape of the outer surface of the nozzle, which prevents surface electrical breakdown; the load (weight and dynamic) from the capacitors and resistors (generator elements), mounted between the dielectric plates, is distributed evenly between the support pipe by means of mechanical fastening of the plates and the housing wall using pneumatic (or hydraulically) controlled plate spacers in the housing; sealed internal volumes of the generator housing with a pipe, a support pipe and a package of arresters are made in such a way as to separately fill and regulate in these volumes the pressure of the gaseous dielectric from the side of the generator base. 2. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe is made of a dielectric material (plastic) in the form of a pipe with a suitable cross-section (circle, ellipse, etc.), located at the highest point of the upper part of the housing and connected with housing and electrode hermetically. 3. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacitors, resistors and conductors (generator elements), mounted between plates of strong dielectric material, are placed in identical flat boxes (for example, for a cylindrical body in the form of disks or parallelograms for other suitable forms of the casing), the boxes are placed one above the other in the casing and together with the plates are transparent for moving the gaseous dielectric with which the internal volume of the casing and the nozzle is filled. 4. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the support pipe, on which boxes with generator elements are fixed through their through holes coaxially along the longitudinal axis of the housing, are hermetically connected from the lower side of the housing to the supporting base and from the upper side through a movable coaxial a seal with a hatch in the upper part of the housing so that the internal volume of the support pipe is separated from the internal volume of the housing. 5. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the controlled plate spacers ensure the fixation of the generator elements and the uniform distribution of the load from them on the inner surface of the housing during transportation of the M-GIN and installation in an upright position. 6. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that a package of arresters is placed in the support tube, having the shape of a cylinder with protruding contacts on its surface along a helical line from the terminals for connecting the arresters. 7. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that in the through holes of the boxes there are connectors contacts that are reciprocal to the package of arresters, which, due to rotation of the same boxes (disks) by a given angle relative to the axis of their through holes, are located on a helix, similar to that of a package of arresters, so that it is possible to install a package of arresters in the support pipe through the hatch in the upper part of the housing without removing gaseous dielectric from the volume of the housing. 8. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the response (same) contacts of the connectors from the arresters and boxes are connected through intermediate terminals (electrodes) that are hermetically integrated into the wall of the support pipe, the connector contacts have pneumatic or hydraulic clamps, compressing terminals with such an effort that will provide the required contact for the passage of the maximum discharge current of the capacitors. 9. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the contacts responding to the package of arresters are connected to capacitors and resistors in the box so that at the moment of operation of the arresters, the chain of capacitors connected in parallel for charging capacitors in all boxes is rebuilt into a chain of series-connected capacitors of a given total capacity. 10. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal volumes of the housing with the nozzle and the support pipe are made in such a way as to separately fill and regulate in these volumes the pressure of the gaseous dielectric from the lower part of the housing, i.e. from the support base of the housing. 11. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the package of arresters has at least two modifications of the inclusion of arresters: electric potential and a laser beam directed along the axial channel between the electrodes of all arresters in the package. 12. M-GIN according to claim 1, characterized in that the lodgement has a lifting mechanism and pneumatically controlled grips of the generator housing of such a design that eliminates the mobility of the M-GIN case relative to the lodgement and damage to its outer surface (preventing surface electrical breakdown) during transportation and installation in vertical position.

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