RU2487094C1 - Composition for production of loose heat insulation materials and method for its preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: composition for production of loose heat insulation materials includes wastes of woodworking industry - wood chips, treated with a copper mixture, slaked lime and building gypsum at the following ratio of components (vol. %): Wood chips - 49-68, slaked lime - 20-30, building gypsum - 10-20, copper mixture - 1-2.

EFFECT: increased heat insulating properties, low caking capacity, simplified composition, expansion of a raw materials base and low cost of a heat insulation material.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular the production of building materials, and can be used to obtain bulk materials for thermal insulation of walls, ceilings, partitions, etc. mainly for rural and individual construction.

Known raw mix for the manufacture of heat-insulating material containing gypsum 55-64%, ground waste from the leather industry 8-12%, the rest water (Patent No. 2104981, С04В 28/14). The density of the material is 600 kg / m ³ , thermal conductivity up to 0.069 W / m · ° C, water absorption up to 39%.

This composition is used for the manufacture of blocks. The presence in the composition of the leather industry waste makes it difficult to use as bulk insulation, since in this case it is possible to develop putrefactive processes and the appearance of rodents.

Closest to the proposed composition composition is a raw mix, including (wt.%) Sawdust - 60-80; polyvinyl alcohol - 7-8; sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose - 7-8; sodium fluoride - 2-2.2; diaphos - 15-18 and the rest is water. The heat-insulating material is made in the form of spherical granules with a diameter of 5 to 25 mm (RF patent No. 2200716).

The main disadvantage of the proposed mixture is the complexity of the composition and manufacturing technology.

A known method of producing bulk thermal insulation materials, which consists in mixing sawdust of coniferous species with the addition of adhesives in the form of urea-formaldehyde resin with an acid hardener and containing inhibitors as additives - lime and copper sulfate (RF patent No. 2194677, 12/20/2002). The material is made in the form of granules.

The disadvantage of this method is the use as a binder of expensive thermosets and special equipment for mixing and granulating the mixture. In addition, formaldehyde is not excluded. In the description of the invention there is no data on the thermophysical characteristics of the material, which makes it difficult to assess its effectiveness as thermal insulation.

A known method of producing a flame retardant insulating material from waste from woodworking production, which includes mixing wood sawdust with a flame retardant (Patent No. 2238959, СВВ 21/02, С04В 16/02, С04В 18/26). Fire retardant is obtained chemically by mixing in a mass of sawdust nepheline and then adding 70% sulfuric acid solution to the mixture. The total mixing time is 25-30 minutes.

The disadvantage of this method is that the resulting material is prone to caking and loss of thermophysical properties in conditions of high humidity. The disadvantages of the method include the need for prolonged mixing of the ingredients of the mixture and the use of highly hazardous components - acid. In addition, there are no data on toxicity and thermophysical properties, as well as resistance to decay of the proposed material.

The invention is directed to obtaining a bulk heat-insulating material having high heat-insulating properties, low caking, simplified composition, expanded raw material base and low cost.

The result is achieved in that the composition for producing bulk thermal insulation materials, including waste from the woodworking industry - sawdust, antiperspirant and antiseptic, contains Bordeaux fluid and additionally gypsum and slaked lime as an antifreeze and in the following ratio of components (vol.%):

Sawdust - 49-68

Slaked lime - 20-30

Gypsum - 10-20

Bordeaux liquid - 1-2.

The result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of preparing the above composition to obtain a loose thermal insulation material, which consists in mixing the components of the composition according to the invention, the sawdust is pre-treated with Bordeaux liquid and dried.

Characteristics of the components used to prepare the composition:

- Softwood sawdust is a waste of the woodworking industry. Size from 2 to 3 mm.

- Slaked lime according to GOST 9179-77.

- Building gypsum, for example, grade G-4, according to GOST 125-79 (STS EV 826-77 in terms of technical requirements).

- Bordeaux liquid, including copper sulfate according to GOST 19347-84 and quicklime according to GOST 9179-77 and water.

The preparation technology of the proposed bulk insulation material is as follows.

Prepare Bordeaux liquid of the following composition (wt.%):

- copper sulfate 1.0

- quicklime 1.5

- water 97.5

To do this, quicklime is quenched with water, and then copper sulfate dissolved in water is added with a thin stream and mixed well. Sawdust is treated with cooked Bordeaux liquid, then dried. Slaked lime and gypsum are added to the treated sawdust in the indicated proportions.

Thermophysical characteristics of the obtained material are given in the table.

Table Material characteristics №№ Composition (vol.%) Thermal conductivity, W / m · ° С Density, kg / m ³ Thermal resistance, m ² · h / W sawdust 49 one slaked lime thirty 0.11 632 0,126 builds. gypsum twenty Bordeaux liquid one sawdust 58.5 2 slaked lime thirty 0,075 526 0.211 builds. gypsum 10 Bordeaux liquid 1,5 sawdust 68 3 slaked lime twenty 0,065 439 0.189 builds., gypsum 10 Bordeaux liquid 2

As follows from the data given in the table, the proposed bulk thermal insulation material has high thermal insulation properties and low density, i.e. Suitable for use as a heat-insulating material.

To compensate for the possible precipitation of bulk thermal insulation material, to control humidity (CaSO ₄ · 0.5H ₂ O + 1.5H ₂ O → CaSO ₄ · 2Н ₂ О) and to prevent caking of the proposed material, gypsum is added to the composition, which, when absorbed from the air, creates a framework of crystalline intergrowths of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO ₄ · 2H ₂ O) and at the same time can “breathe”, absorbing water vapor and thereby maintaining comfortable conditions in the room. The Bordeaux liquid, which is part of the proposed composition, has fungicidal properties (i.e., it acts as a flame retardant and antiseptic) that prevent the processes of decay and reproduction of fungal mold.

The use of sawdust pre-treated with Bordeaux liquid in the raw mix, as well as the presence of slaked lime, eliminates putrefactive processes and the appearance of insects and rodents in the insulation layer.

The proposed insulation material will solve the problem of the integrated use of wood waste in the woodworking industry, for example, at enterprises producing low-rise frame houses, as well as replace traditional types of insulation with new, environmentally friendly, antiseptic, hardly combustible, cheap thermal insulation materials.

Claims (2)

1. Composition for producing bulk heat-insulating materials, including waste from the woodworking industry - sawdust, antifouling and antiseptic, characterized in that it contains Bordeaux fluid and additionally slaked lime and building gypsum in the following ratio of components, vol.%:
Sawdust 49-68 Slaked lime 20-30 Gypsum plaster 10-20 Bordeaux fluid 1-2 2. The method of preparing the composition according to claim 1, which consists in mixing the components of the composition, characterized in that the sawdust is pre-treated with Bordeaux liquid and dried.