RU2486375C2 - Hydraulic motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic motor comprises feed water tank, feed pipeline, inlet and outlet channels, and working chamber. Working chamber is arranged in the piston and has suction and delivery valves and stationary pressure pipeline. Said pipeline is located inside working chamber and aligned therewith to incorporates aforesaid pressure valve. Seal is arranged between pressure pipeline and working chamber. There are also links, discharge pipeline and vessel-type drive. Said vessel is partially filled with water and arranged in case furnished with slide-spring mechanism. Said mechanism comprises slide vale, adjustment caps and locking springs with balls. Said balls are fitted I slide valve rod annular grooves. Hydraulic motor comprises two single-action pumps, spring-valve mechanism and links. Pressure pipes in said pumps are connected in parallel. Feed and discharge pipes are shared while fly gates are fitted in joint of pipes with inlet and outlet channels. Slide valve rod bottom part is furnished with rack engaged with toothed sector and link drive lever.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a pump engineering and can be used for water supply, in particular for agricultural water supply using the energy of open water streams.

Known water pump with energy-saving drive, designed for agricultural water supply using the energy of open water flows. The pump includes a feed tank for water, inlet and outlet channels, a working chamber formed in the piston, having a suction and pressure valves, a stationary pressure pipe located coaxially inside the working chamber and provided with the pressure valve, while between the pressure pipe and the working chamber the seal is installed (RF patent No. 22545460, F04B 9/00, 05/12/2003).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complex mechanical kinematic connection between the piston and the switching mechanism. Compression of the storage spring during the switching process requires a significant amount of energy. At the moment of switching the mechanism (when the accumulating spring is compressed as much as possible), the tangential component of the spring is equal to zero, and all the radial force is converted to the ball pressure on the treadmill. After the accumulating spring passes through the switching point, the force generated by it is not completely transmitted to the rods, because the greatest magnitude of the force is directed radially to the rods and only a small part of the force of the compressed spring (tangential) is spent on switching. This tangential component can be compensated by the frictional forces in the drive mechanisms. The pump is presented in a single-cylinder design, which limits the increase in water supply and creates uneven water flow in the pressure pipe.

The closest technical solution is a water pump with an energy-saving drive, containing a feed tank for water, inlet and outlet channels, a working chamber formed in the piston, having a suction and pressure valves, a stationary pressure pipe located coaxially inside the working chamber and equipped with the pressure valve. at the same time, a seal is installed between the pressure pipe and the working chamber, the actuator, which is made in the form of a vessel installed in the housing, partially filled with water, is equipped with a spool-spring mechanism, including a spool, fixing springs with balls located in the annular grooves of the spool rod, and adjusting caps. This drive provides a hydraulic connection between the piston and the switching mechanism (overlapping the inlet and outlet channels) (RF patent No. 2316681, F04B 9/00, 04/11/2005).

It should be noted that in the classification of reciprocating hydraulic machines, the following are taken as the basis: multiplicity of action, piston design, number and arrangement of cylinders, as well as the design of the distributor. A single-acting pump (one cylinder and piston) for one revolution of the crankshaft (one working and idle) displaces the liquid from the working chamber once. That is, to increase the efficiency of the pump (increase in supply), it is necessary to increase the frequency of action with an increase in the number of cylinders of more than one (single and multi-cylinder hydraulic machines) (Geiger V.G. Hydraulics and hydraulic drive / V.G. Geiger, BC.Dulin, A .G. Borumensky, A.N. Zarya: Textbook for high schools. - 2nd ed., Revised and revised M .: Nedra, 1981. - S.159-171).

Similarly to the classification, a hydraulic motor-pump can be considered as a single-acting pump. An increase in the volume of the working chamber is possible due to an increase in the diameter of the cylinder and piston with an increase in the dimensions and metal consumption of the pump, which have a limit of technical capabilities.

Thus, the disadvantage of this technical solution for the patent (RF patent No. 22545460, F04B 9/00, 05/12/2003) is the limited and uneven filing. The valve control system of the intake and exhaust channels does not solve the problem of controlling the valves of a double hydraulic motor-pump.

Known rotary volumetric hydraulic motors, in which the angle of rotation of the output link (shaft) does not exceed 360 °. Of interest are rack-and-pinion rotary hydraulic motors, where translational motion is converted to rotary. The rod is connected to the pistons of the hydraulic cylinder, equipped with a gear rack articulated with a gear wheel with a lever fixed to the gear shaft (Geiger V.G. Hydraulics and hydraulic drive / V.G. Geiger, BC.Dulin, A.G. Borumensky, A.N. Dawn: A textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., Revised and revised M .: Nedra, 1981. - S.159-171).

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the hydraulic motor-pump.

This task is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic motor pump operating using the energy of open water streams containing a feed tank for water, feed and exhaust pipelines, inlet and outlet channels, a single-acting pump including a working chamber formed in the piston, suction and pressure valves, a stationary pressure pipe located coaxially inside the working chamber and provided with the pressure valve, while between the pressure pipe and the working chamber installed removal, a drive for controlling the operation of the pump, which is made in the form of a vessel partially filled with water, equipped with a spool-spring mechanism, including a spool, fixing springs with balls located in the annular grooves of the spool rod, and adjusting caps. In this case, the hydraulic motor pump includes two single-acting pumps. Pressure pipelines are interconnected in parallel to a common pressure pipeline. The lower part of the spool is made in the form of a gear rack located in the joint with the gear sector with a lever. The feed and exhaust pipes are common, and flap valves are installed in their connection with the inlet and outlet channels. The spool-spring mechanism is common to both pumps.

In figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 shows a hydraulic motor pump. Figure 1 shows the position of the piston of a single pump at its position at bottom dead center; figure 2 is the same at top dead center; figure 3 - the position of two single pumps when working together; figure 4 - the position of two single pumps with a single pressure pipe; 5 is a spring-valve mechanism; I, II - respectively, the first and second single pumps; P _a - atmospheric pressure.

Hydraulic motor-pump, which includes a suction valve 1, a rod 2, a supply channel 3 of a pump II, an inlet changeover valve 4, a supply pipe with a valve and a filter 5, a supply pipe 6 of a pump I, a supply tank 7, cylinder liners 8, pistons 9 , working chambers 10, pressure valve of pumps 11, seals 12, pressure pipe 13 of pump I, drive housing 14, vessel of drive 15, spool 16, outlet channel 17 of pump I, outlet pipe 18, annular recess 19, spool-spring mechanism 20, exhaust flap valve 21, lever 22, in outlet channel 23 of pump II, pressure line 24 of pump II, common pressure line 25, housing of the rotary mechanism 26, gear sector 27, gear rack 28 on the spool pin 16, ball 29, spring 30, ring groove 31, tension caps 32.

The invention is implemented as follows. To start the hydraulic motor-pump (hereinafter the pump), a valve located on the feed pipe 5 is opened. In this case, the piston 9 and the spool 16 are in the lower position, the inlet channel 6 is open, and the outlet 17 is closed, the inlet channel 3 to the pump II closed, and graduation 23 open. The working chamber 10 through the suction valve 1 is filled with water. Water from the feed tank 7 through the filter of the feed pipe 5, the inlet channel 6 fills the cylinder liner 8 (hereinafter the liner) and the drive housing 14, fills the gap between the liner and the piston 9 to its upper generatrix. The resulting lifting force of Archimedes, overcoming the gravity of the piston 9 and the working chamber 10, the friction force in the seal 12 moves the piston 9 relative to the pressure pipe 13 up. In this case, the suction valve 1 located in the working chamber 10 is closed, and the discharge valve 11 located in the pressure pipe is open. When the piston moves upward, the volume of the working chamber decreases, excessive pressure is created, under the influence of which water enters the pressure pipe 13 and then into the common pressure pipe 25 (Fig. 4) and to the consumer. The seal 12 in pumps I, II between the cylinder of the working chamber 10 and the pressure pipe 13 eliminates leakage of water and pressure from the working chamber 10. At the same time, water fills the drive housing 14 to the upper generating vessel of the drive 15 with an increase in the lifting force of Archimedes on the drive vessel to the maximum value at piston position at top dead center. Overcoming the resistance of the spring 30, the balls 29 holding the spool in the annular groove 19 (Fig.2, 5), the gravity of the drive vessel 15 and the water contained in it, the drive vessel rises sharply with the spool 16, while the balls occupy a position in annular groove 31 (FIGS. 2, 5). The movement of the spool 16 with the gear rack 28 rotates the gear sector 27, on the shaft of which a lever 22 is placed, which drives the rod 2. The gear sector is located in the housing 26. The rod 2, pivotally connected to the butterfly valves 4, 21, moves to the left ( figure 2), making the overlap of the inlet channel 6 with the opening of the outlet channel 17 and at the same time freeing the inlet channel 3 for supplying water to the sleeve 8 of the pump II with the closure of the outlet channel 23 (figure 2). In this way, a stroke is ensured in the pump II, similarly to FIG. The outflow of water from the cylinder 8 through the outlet channel 17 and the discharge pipe 18 is accompanied by a decrease in the water level in the drive housing 14 and, accordingly, a decrease in the lifting force of Archimedes on the drive vessel 15 to zero. This increases the effect of gravity of the vessel drive 15 and the water contained in it. Under the action of these forces, the drive vessel moves the spool 19, while the balls, falling into the annular groove 19, provide a fixed position of the spool 16 (figure 1). Next, the process is repeated, ensuring the sequence of working and idle strokes in pumps I, II. If pump I has a stroke, pump II is idle and vice versa. Water from the pump II is fed into the pressure pipe 24 and into a common pressure pipe 25 (Fig.3, 4). The adjustment of the spring-valve mechanism is carried out by adding (draining) water to the drive vessel 13 and changing the force on the springs 30 and the balls 29 by the tension caps 32.

The advantage of the described technical solution in comparison with the prototype is to increase the efficiency of the pump, expressed in an increase in its supply, as well as the uniformity of the movement of water in the common discharge pipe. This reduces the number of supply and exhaust pipelines, spring-valve mechanisms, housings and vessels of the drive, rods, and therefore reduces the overall metal consumption of the pump. The pump is environmentally friendly, can work with a pressure of 1 m or more due to open streams (streams, rivers, etc.), providing the water needs of people, animals, for irrigation of agricultural crops. crops and fire fighting

Information sources

1. RF patent №2245460, F04B 9/00, 05/12/2003.

2. RF patent No. 2316681, F04B 9/00, 04/11/2005. - prototype.

3. Geiger V.G. Hydraulics and hydraulic drive / V.G. Geiger, B.C. Dulin, A.G. Borumensky, A.N. Zarya: Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. M .: Nedra, 1981. - S.159-171.

Claims (2)

1. A hydraulic motor pump containing a feed tank for water, a feed pipe, inlet and outlet channels, a working chamber formed in the piston having a suction and pressure valves, a stationary pressure pipe located coaxially inside the working chamber and provided with the pressure valve between the pressure pipe and the working chamber there is a seal, traction, exhaust pipe, a drive in the form of a vessel partially filled with water, installed in a housing equipped with a spool a spring mechanism, including a spool, fixing springs with balls placed in the annular grooves of the spool rod, and adjusting caps, characterized in that it includes two single-acting pumps, and their pressure pipelines are connected in parallel, a spring-valve mechanism, traction, feeding and exhaust pipelines are common, and flap valves are installed in the connection of pipelines with inlet and outlet channels. 2. The hydraulic motor-pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the spool rod in the lower part is equipped with a gear rack, which is articulated with the gear sector and the lever for moving rods.

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