RU2485750C2 - Wide-cut mobile seed-fertiliser seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeder has a base frame and semi-frames 6 on which the sowing units 7 with coulters are mounted and containers for seed material, the front quick-detachable wheels 4 and rear non-detachable support-drive wheels 3 or rolling wheels. Also the seeder has a rigid triangular shift 8 which is pivotally connected to the base frame, a working shaft 12, a foldable transport shaft 25, a telescopic jib 18. A distinctive feature of the construction is that the wide-cut seeder can be transferred into transport position and maintained in the working position in both trailed and semi-hinged version due to changing the position of quick-detachable wheels 4, a shaft 25 and the position of the jib 18, the working shaft and the shift 8 pivotally connected with the ability of their detaching and fixing in the given position.

EFFECT: invention has a high mobility and high transportability on all types of roads of common use, it has increased productivity and provides improvement of gauging the field and the quality of planting.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined grain-fertilizer seeders.

One of the most common grain fertilizer seeders SZP-3.6 schematically consists of a sowing unit 1 of Figure 1. (See Antonov A.P., Antyshev N.M., Peysakhovich B.I. et al. “High-speed agricultural machinery”, 2nd ed., Revised and enlarged. - M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1986, 191 p. .: ill. - pp. 150-161. pp. 180-189, www.sibselmash.ru; www.bsm.sura.ru; www.chervonazirka.com) containing sowing devices, 24 coulters and containers for seed. The sowing unit is mounted on a frame 2, which is supported by the rear support drive wheels 3 and the front weather vane 4. A towed drawbar is fixed between the front weather vane wheels 5. On some seeders, drive press wheels are installed instead of the rear support drive wheels.

Developed more than 50 years ago, a commercially available seeder has a working width of 3.6 meters. Such a working width was agreed with the corresponding power characteristics of the tractors produced at that time.

Currently, tractor capacities have increased by 2-2.5 times, in the unit with which the seeder does not provide their effective loading, which reduces their productivity and dramatically increases the cost of sowing. In order to load the tractor and increase productivity on sowing, 2 seeders are attached to the tractor using an additional special coupling. This allows you to increase the total working width to 7.2 meters.

The practical use of such a unit, along with a clear increase in productivity and the corresponding loading of the tractor, revealed a number of significant drawbacks.

Firstly, due to the coupling, the kinematic length of the unit increases, which reduces its maneuverability and increased the width of the headlands.

Secondly, the mass of the hitch is more than 20% of the mass of the entire unit, which led to an increase in traction resistance of the entire unit. This affected the fact that the base tractor of the traction class is 1.4 t.s. works steadily with the unit only on level and not moistened fields. In the presence of rises of more than 3% and increased humidity, the tractor’s coupling weight is not enough, this leads not only to an increase in slipping, but also to “burying” the tractor.

Thirdly, the 7.2 m capture unit does not fit into the requirements of the Rules of the Road, therefore it is impossible to transport it from field to field along public roads without disassembling it.

In practice, solutions are known related to increasing the working width to 5.4 meters with the location of the supporting-driving impellers at the edges of the seeder (www.sibselmash.ru - С3Р-5,4; www.chervonazirka.com - С3-5,4) . With this scheme, the copyability of the field surface is impaired. An increase in the support span of a frame requires a significant increase in its strength, which inevitably leads to an increase in its metal consumption and an increase in operating weight. In addition, for this design additional transport wheels are needed, not unified with the workers. To translate into transport position, a tow hitch and additional hydraulic cylinders are required to raise the drill.

The technical solution to the problem is to create a wide-spreading highly mobile grain-fertilizer seeder that provides maximum tractor loading, with minimal metal consumption, increased transportability and field copyability. The specified goal is achieved as follows.

To the frame 2 of Fig. 2 of the SZP-3.6 base seeder with standard rear support-drive wheels 3 or drive press wheels and sowing blocks 1, additional half frames 6 with unified sowing blocks 7 of 8-12 openers each are welded from the sides. Thus, the total number of coulters will be 40-48 pieces, and the total working width is 6-7.2 meters.

The common frame 2 is reinforced with standard profiles. Instead of a drawbar 5 and a front half frame with vane wheels 4 in the middle, a rigid triangular extension 8 is hinged to the front of the frame. A vertical support hinge 9 is mounted at the front on the top of the extension.

Two pairs of lower and upper eyes 11 are welded to the lower part of the axis of the hinge 9.

From the sides, below the swing axis of the beam, quick-release wheels 4 are inserted into the slots of the beam 10 with a swing plane parallel to the direction of the working movement.

A working drawbar 12 is pivotally attached to the upper pair of eyes 11, which swings freely on the axis of the eyes only in a vertical plane in the center of the seeder in the direction of the working movement.

The triangular stem 8 (Fig. 3) is connected with the base to the frame by means of two upper horizontal 13, permanently articulated, and two lower quick-disconnect 14 hinges. A drawbar latch 15 is mounted on the lower extension spar. A sleeve 16 with eyes is freely mounted on the hinge axis 9 protruding from above. The fixing of the sleeve 16 and the axis 9 of the vertical hinge is carried out by an end stop 17.

On the opposite side from the upper eyes 11 to the lower part of the axis of the hinge 9, a strip with a hole at the end is rigidly welded into which a stopper 15 can be inserted, located on the lower spar at the top of the stem 8 at the back of the support hinge.

A sleeve 16 with eyes is freely mounted on the axis of the support hinge 9 protruding from above. The fixing of the sleeve 16 on the axis 9 of the vertical hinge is carried out by an end stop 17 at the end of the axis.

The eyes of the sleeve 16 are connected to the female part of the telescopic jib 18.

Opposite - covered movable end of the jib 19, having a through hole inside, on the other hand is connected articulated by a quick-detachable finger with the eyes 20, located above the hinge 21 of the drawbar 12.

On the covering part of the jib 18 there is a series of through holes, into any of which and accordingly through the through hole in the movable jib the stopper 22 can be inserted, closing the jib in the desired position, if necessary.

On one of the half-frames (figure 2), folding or sliding transport racks are installed, left 23 and right 24, in which quick-detachable wheels are installed, by the rolling plane along the frame during transport crossings.

In the front in the direction of travel for transport crossings, a transport hinged drawbar 25 and a parking stand 26 are installed.

To lift the extension, a lifting mechanism 27 is mounted on the frame.

According to the proposed scheme, seeders of various widths from 6 to 9 meters of capture can be assembled. But the most optimal, on the basis of the existing construct, will be a seeder with a working width of 6 meters.

A further increase in the working width will require significant changes in the frame design, an increase in drive power, the use of other support wheels, etc.

The seeder works as follows:

a) in the trailed version:

A rigid triangular extension 8 relative to the upper hinges 13 is lowered down and fixed rigidly with the frame with fingers in the lower quick-detachable hinges 14.

Quick-detachable wheels 4 are inserted into the slots of the crosshead 10.

The seeder rests on the rear non-removable supporting-drive wheels 3 or drive press wheels and front 4.

Ukosina 19 in the hinge 20 is disconnected from the drawbar 12, unfolds with the sleeve 16 through 180 ° and fits into the take-out socket 8 from above.

The hitch loop 21 is connected to the tractor tow bar, the stopper 15 is open.

With such aggregation, the seeder is purely trailed and a class 1.4 tractor works freely on even and unmoistened fields;

b) in a semi-mounted version;

In fields with elevations and on viscous waterlogged soils, if there is a sufficient margin of engine power, the tractor’s coupling weight may not be enough and it may slip up to a halt.

For proper operation of the tractor under these conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the instructions attached to it, the tractor must be loaded (by hanging ballast weights, pouring water into the tires, etc.). These are material- and labor-intensive procedures that reduce productivity during sowing. Despite the fact that this need can arise only in the morning or within two, three hours after dew or rain, and further operation of an overloaded tractor leads to excessive soil compaction and excessive consumption of fuel.

In order to eliminate the need for ballasting the tractor itself and at the same time ensure its loading, the design of the seeder hitch provides for its operation in a semi-mounted version.

For this, the jib 19 is connected to the eyes 20 of the drawbar 12 and the jib is rigidly locked by the stop 22, so that the drawbar is perpendicular to the axis of the vertical hinge 9.

The opposite end of the drawbar is locked with a stopper 15.

Thus, the take-off 8, drawbar 12 and the jib 19 form an integral trailing system, rigidly connected with the frame of the seeder.

Behind the drawbar 12, the tractor’s mounted system raises the seeder to a height sufficient to remove the front quick-release wheels 4, which are removed from the crosshead 10 and placed on the seeder frame 2.

The drawbar 12 is lowered to a horizontal position (corresponding to the position with the support wheels installed), and the tractor hitch is fixed in this position.

Thus, the seeder frame on one side rests on the rear support-drive wheels 3, and in front through the loop 21 and the rear tractor attachment system to the drive wheels of the tractor.

At the same time, the tractor is loaded in proportion to the weight of the seed in the seeder containers.

Moreover, in both versions of the work, the seeder at the rear can rely both on the supporting pneumatic wheels and on the drive disks provided by the design;

d) transfer to transport position and back:

In order to transfer the seeder to the transport state from the trailed version, it is necessary to perform operations in the following sequence:

1 - Expand the jib 19 and connect it to the drawbar 12, without locking it with a stopper 22.

2 - Lower the tractor hitch as far down as possible, lock the jib in this position with the stopper 22 and fix the drawbar with the stopper 15.

3 - Raise the seeder with the tractor hitch as far as possible until the front support wheels 4 come off the ground. Remove the front support wheels 4, lower the parking stand 26 all the way to the ground and lock.

4 - Pull or tilt left transport stand 23 and lock in this position.

5 - Insert one of the quick-detachable support wheels 4 into the socket of the stand 23 with the plane of rotation along the seeder and fix it on it.

6 - Lower the drill until the left wheel contacts the ground and completely relieve the drawbar load.

7 - Extend the stop 22 to undock the jib 18, raise the tractor hitch as far as possible and fix the jib in this position.

8 - Forcibly, with the tractor's hitch, lower the drawbar as far down as possible, the seeder with its entire front part relative to the line between the left transport wheel and the parking stand will tilt down.

9 - Fold or extend the right transport stand 24 and lock.

10 - Dress the right support wheel 4 with the plane of rotation along the seeder and fix it on the stand 24.

11 - Raise the tractor hitch up to the contact of the right wheel with the ground and completely relieve the load on the drawbar 12. Unfasten the drawbar with the tractor hitch.

12 - Undock the jib with the drawbar, extend the stopper 15, unfold the jib 19 with the sleeve 16 and drawbar 12 with traverse 10 through 180 ° and fix them on the extension 8, respectively, the jib from above, and the drawbar from below.

13 - remove the fingers from the lower hinges 14 and the lifting mechanism 27 to raise the stem 8 up to the vertical position of Fig 4.

14 - Tilt the transport drawbar 25 along the drill in the transport direction and lock in position relative to the frame.

15 - Drive the tractor in front, dock the tractor link with the drawbar 12.

16 - Lift the linkage, release the parking stand 26 and, lifting it, fix it in the transport position.

The transfer to the working position of the seeder is carried out in the reverse order.

The proposed solution, even in the version with a working width of 6 meters, has the following advantages;

a) in comparison with the serial seeder S3P-3.6:

- greater productivity up to 70%;

- optimal tractor loading up to 90%;

- high mobility, and transportability on public roads;

- a decrease in the total area of soil compaction.

b) Compared to C3-5.4:

- increased productivity up to 10%;

- improvement of field copyability and sowing quality;

- cost reduction ;.

- unification of support wheels;

- universality of aggregation (trailed or semi-mounted).

c) Compared to an aggregate with a working width of 7.2 meters, consisting of two seeders S3P-3.6 and a coupler SP-7:

- reduced kinematic length of the unit and a reduction in the area of headlands;

- a significant reduction in cost of the unit due to the exclusion of the coupling;

- increased maneuverability and transportability.

Ultimately, the estimated difference in the working width of the two-seeder unit by 20% can be fully compensated by the operational advantages of the proposed version of the seeder.

The operational productivity of a six-meter seeder can be increased by another 20-25% by reducing the time loss for loading technological containers with seed by reducing their frequency. For this, the volume of standard tanks can be increased by 30-40% with a mandatory proportional increase in the contact area of the support wheels and the rigidity of the frame.

The operational performance of such a seeder can almost equal the productivity of an aggregate consisting of three S3P-3.6 seeders and an SP-11 hitch.

Claims (2)

1. The seeder is a wide-grain mobile grain-bearing seeder, comprising a frame, front quick-detachable and rear fixed wheels, a sowing mechanism with openers and containers for seed, characterized in that the seeder’s working width is increased by rigid attachment along the edges of the base frame with rear regular support bearings mounted on it - drive wheels or press-in disks of additional half-sills with sowing devices, openers and containers for seed, while on one of the half-sills, on both sides, cm hinged or retractable racks are mounted for mounting quick-detachable wheels installed by the rolling plane along the frame during transport crossings, and at the other end of the elongated frame at the end there is a hinged transport drawbar and a parking stand, and a rigid triangular extension is installed on the reinforced common frame, front in the center, connected by its base to the frame with two horizontal upper one-piece and, accordingly, two lower quick-connect hinges, and lifted relative to the upper hinges in a vertical direction position during transportation of the seeder, and a vertical support hinge is installed at the front on the top of the take-off, the axis of which contains lower and upper eyes from below, in addition, a traverse is installed in the lower pair of eyes on an axis located in the horizontal plane, which sways freely in the plane perpendicular to the working direction movements, with front quick-detachable wheels fixed on it, and a working drawbar, freely swinging in a vertical plane in the center of the seeder, is directed to the upper pair of eyes and working movement, while on the opposite side from the upper eyes of the eye to the lower part of the axis of the vertical support hinge, a strap with a hole at the end is rigidly welded into which a stopper can be inserted located on the top of the rear rear hinge, a trailed loop is installed on the opposite end of the drawbar for aggregation of a seeder with a tractor and two eyes on top, articulated with which with a quick-detachable finger connects the covered part of the telescopic jib, and on the other hand the covering part ina connects to the eyes of the sleeve, freely mounted on the protruding part of the axis of the vertical support hinge with an end stop at the end of the axis, and on the covering part of the telescopic jib there are a number of through holes into which a stopper can be inserted through the through hole in the male part of the jib , if necessary, fixing the specified length of the jib. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains increased technological capacity for seed with proportionally increased contact areas of the support wheels.

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