RU2485679C2 - Switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: in the switching device with "-" and "+" feed bars and n of single-type reserved relay cells consisting of four relays and four isolation diodes, the first, second and third switchable "+" feed bars, the fourth switchable "+" feed bar is introduced with four remote switches with two normally closed contacts, five current sensors, controller. The secondary outputs of windings in each cell are connected respectively to the first, second, third and fourth switchable "+" feed bar; the first, second, third and fourth current sensor is installed respectively at first, second, third and fourth switchable "+" feed bar through which the first normally closed contacts of the first, second, third and fourth remote switch is connected with common "+" feed bar while the fifth sensor is installed at switchable "-" feed bar. Outputs of current sensors are connected to data inputs of the controller which signal inputs trough the second normally closed contacts respectively of the first, second, third and fourth remote switch are connected to the common signal input of the controller.

EFFECT: fault monitoring of the relay in a cell in process of manufacturing and operation.

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Description

This invention relates to automation and telemechanics and can be used in discrete control equipment with increased reliability, with limited access for control, for example, for automatic spacecraft.

A known method of performing redundant relay cells for element-by-element control by dividing the common power bus into separate buses with their subsequent connection after checking on the power connector with special plugs. (Principles of construction of relay-switching equipment. Analytical review. GONTI No. 16, 1973, p. 56, 57).

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the state (malfunction) of the relay in the cells during operation.

The closest to the proposed technical essence is the device containing the power bus “-” and “+”, the same type of redundant relay cells, consisting of four relays and four isolation diodes, relay contacts are connected according to the scheme “2 of 4” in contact groups the first conclusions of which are connected to the power bus “-”, the second conclusions are the outputs of the device, the first, second, third additional power buses “+”, which are combined using a plug on the connector with the power bus “+” after checking the device, the first conclusions the relay windings in the cells through the separation diodes are combined and are the input of the cells, the second terminals of the windings of the first and second relays of each cell are connected to the first additional power bus "+", the second terminal of the windings of the third relay of each cell is connected to the second additional power bus "+", the second the output of the winding of the fourth relay of each cell is connected to the third additional “+” power bus (Antenna Drive Control Unit (BUPA). Technical description 17F15.2216-0 TO, NPO PM, Zheleznogorsk), which is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is the low controllability in terms of element-wise control during ground checks as part of the spacecraft and during operation, namely, it is impossible to determine the state of the relay (malfunction) in the cells due to the lack of access to the relay and the possibility of disconnecting the first, second, third power buses , and also to control the actual current in the load, switched by the contacts of the cells. There is no possibility to change (reduce) the degree of reservation of cells.

The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device containing the same type of redundant relay cells, consisting of four relays and four isolation diodes, the relay contacts are connected in a “2 out of 4” circuit into contact groups, the first terminals of which are connected to the “-” power bus , the second conclusions are the outputs of the device, the power buses “+” and “-”, the first, second, third switched (disconnected) power buses “+”, the first conclusions of the relay windings in the cells through the diode diodes are combined and are the input of the cells, the fourth commutator is introduced switchable power bus "+", a block of switches containing the first, second third, fourth remote switches (polarized relays) for disconnecting the switched power buses "+", five current sensors, a controller, the second terminals of the windings of each cell are connected to the corresponding first, second, third, fourth switched power bus "+". Current sensors are installed on the switched power supply bus “+” and the power bus “-”, and the switched power bus “+” are connected through the normally closed contacts of the corresponding remote switches of the switch block to the common power bus “+”. The outputs of the current sensors are connected to the information inputs of the controller, in which the input is "common" through the second normally closed contacts of the remote switches connected to the signal inputs of the controller.

The figure 1 presents a functional diagram of a switching device.

The device contains n of the same type of redundant relay cells 1 ₁ -1 _n , consisting of relays K ₁ -K ₄ and diodes V ₁ -V ₄ , the relay contacts K ₁ -K _{4 are} connected in a contact group according to the "2 of 4"circuit; power bus “-” 3, power bus “+” 4, switch block 5; first 7, second 8, third 9, fourth 10, fifth 6 current sensor (DT); first 11, second 12, third 13, fourth 14 “+” switched power buses; the first KP1, the second KP2, the third KP3, the fourth KP4 remote switch with two normally closed contacts, the controller 21.

The cathodes of the first V ₁ , second V ₂ , third V ₃ , fourth V ₄ diodes of each cell are combined and are input 2 ₁ -2 _n cells, the first conclusions of the relay windings K ₁ -K ₄ in the cells are connected to the anodes of the corresponding diodes V ₁ -V ₄ , and the second terminals of the relay windings K ₁ -K _{4 of} each cell are connected respectively to the first 11, second 12, third 13, fourth 14 switched “+” power supply bus. The first conclusions of the contact group of the relay K ₁ -K _{4 of} each cell 1 ₁ -1 _{n are} combined and connected to the power bus "-" 3 through the current sensor 6, and the second conclusions are outputs 20 ₁ -20 _{n of the} device for connecting the load.

The first 7, second 8, third 9, fourth 10 current sensors are installed respectively on the first 11, second 12, third 13, fourth 14 switched “+” power buses, which through the first normally closed contact are respectively the first KP1.2, the second KP2.2 , of the third KP3.2, of the fourth KP4.2 of the remote switches of the switch unit 5 are connected to the common “+” power bus 4. The outputs of the current sensors 6-10 are connected to the information inputs of the controller 21, the signal inputs of which are respectively through the second normally closed contacts of the first KP1. 3, sec the second KP2.3, the third KP3.3, the fourth KP4.3 remote switches of the switch block 5 are connected to a common signal input of the controller 21, the output of which is the information output 22 of the device. The first inputs of the switching windings of the remote switches КР1.1-КР4.1 of the switch block 5 are inputs 15-18 of the device redundancy control, and the first inputs of the disconnecting windings of the remote switches КР1.1-КР4.1 are combined and are the input 19 of switching off the device redundancy control, the second the inputs of the turning on and off windings of the remote switches КР1.1-КР4.1 are connected to the power supply bus “+” 4.

On the functional diagram of the switching device, diodes, shunt windings of the relay and remote switches are conventionally not shown.

The device operates as follows. Using remote switches КР1-КР4 of switch block 5, any switched bus or combination of switched buses can be disconnected from the common power bus

“+” 4, thus the relays connected to these buses in each cell will not participate in the work, thus it is possible to check the operability of the cells, simulating the failure of any relay, both during manufacture and during operation. Current sensors 7-10 record the current in the first 11, second 12, third 13, fourth 14 power buses “+”, the current sensor 6 records the current in the bus “-” (current consumption by the load), and the controller 21 sequentially processes the readings of the current sensors and Analyzing the received information from current sensors and from the contacts of remote switches КР1.3-КР4.3 about the connected buses, it gives information about the operability of the relay in the cells and about the current in the load on the external interface (for example, on a telemetry station). In the initial state, when there are no control signals at the inputs of 2 ₁ -2 _n cells, the readings of current sensors 6-10 will be zero.

When a signal is applied, for example, to input 2 _{1 of the} first cell 1 ₁ and when the switched power buses “+” are connected, the absence of the readings of the first current sensor 7 will indicate a break in the winding of the first relay K ₁ or the diode isolation V ₁ , the absence of the readings of the second current sensor 8 will talk about the breakage of the winding of the second relay K ₂ or an isolation diode V ₂ , etc. Similar actions will occur when an input signal is applied to the input of any cell.

The fifth current sensor 6, mounted on the power cable “-” 3, detects the current switched by the contacts of any cell or the total current load of the included cells. Thus, the processor 21 can monitor the fact of the closure of the contacts of the relay cells 1 ₁ -1 _n , and also monitor the presence of the load (absence) or the magnitude of the current in the load.

The element-wise control of the reserved cells is carried out as follows. A pulse signal is supplied to the first 15 control input of the device, the remote switch КР _{1.1 is} activated, which disconnects the first 11 switched bus “+” with its contact КР _1.2 and opens contact КР _1.3 at the input of the controller 21, which is information for the controller about disconnecting the first switched bus "+", The controller 21 transmits this information to the information output 22 of the device.

Consecutively, starting from the first 1 cell, a pulse signal is supplied to the input of the cells, if the relay windings and diodes are in good condition, the second 8, third 9, fourth 10 current sensors measure the current flowing in the corresponding switched bus, determined by the winding resistance, the first 7 current sensor detects lack of current, the fifth 6th sensor, when the K ₂ -K ₄ relay is triggered, measures the current determined by the load at the output 201 of the device (or by a load simulator during stand-alone checks during manufacture). The controller 21 sequentially processes the readings of the current sensors 6-10, then provides information through the information output 22 of the device to a telemetry station (or to control and testing equipment during stand-alone checks during manufacture, which compares the required and actual readings). Then, the first remote switch КР _{1.1 is} initialized by applying a pulse signal to the device input 19 (disconnecting windings of the remote switches). Similarly, the cells are checked when the second 12, third 13, fourth 14 switched “+” power buses are disconnected.

When using the device using the switch block 5, you can disable (switch off the first 11 and second 12 switch buses or the third 13 and fourth 14 switch buses) the degree of redundancy of relay 1 ₁ -1 _n cells, which allows you to increase the device resource by the number of relay operations cells.

When a signal is input to the input of any cell and when switched “+” power supply buses 11-14, the presence of current sensors 7-10 for a time longer or shorter than the projected duration of the input signal, the controller 21 will give information about the malfunction of the input signal.

In the laboratory sample, the CSA-1V Hall-effect integrated current sensor with an analog output, mounted on the printed conductors of the power buses, was used as current sensors, the controller was made on an IC 1886 BE1 with an integrated ADC, the remote switches for switching the power buses were made on RPS45-1. The relays in the cells can be any, and the decoupling diodes must be selected based on the current flowing through the winding (for example, 2D104A).

Remote switches for switching the “+” power buses to increase the reliability of the device can be redundant (not shown conditionally in the diagram) and are selected from the condition of the maximum current flowing through the relay winding in the cells and from the number of cells simultaneously switched on.

Redundant relay cells can be made according to another redundancy scheme, for example, according to the majority scheme (the contacts of which are connected according to the “2 of 3” scheme), in this case, it is necessary to exclude the fourth switched bus, the current sensor installed on it and the remote switch disconnecting fourth switched bus.

Instead of relays, transistor optocouplers can be used in the cells of the switching device, for example 249KP5R, and the optocoupler LED with a series-connected current-sensing resistor is switched on instead of the relay winding in the corresponding polarity, and transistors instead of relay contacts. In this case, the verification algorithm will remain the same.

This solution is also valid for redundant cells made on remote switches.

Claims (1)

A switching device containing power lines “-” and “+”, n of the same type of redundant relay cells, consisting of four relays and four isolation diodes, the cathodes of which are combined and are the input of the cells, the first conclusions of the relay windings in the cells are connected to the anodes of the corresponding separation diodes, relay contacts are connected in a “2 out of 4” circuit into contact groups, the first terminals of which are connected to the “-” power bus, the second terminals are the device outputs, the first, second, third “+” switched power buses, characterized in that introduced the fourth switched power bus “+”, a block of switches containing the first, second, third, fourth remote switches with two normally closed contacts, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth current sensors, a controller, and the second terminals of the windings in each cell are connected respectively to the first, second, third, fourth switched power supply bus “+”, the first, second, third, fourth current sensors are installed respectively on the first, second, third, fourth switched power supply bus “+”, which through The normally closed contact of the corresponding first, second, third, fourth remote switches of the switch block is connected to the common “+” power bus and to the second inputs of the switching and disconnecting windings of the remote switches, the first inputs of which turning windings are inputs for controlling the redundancy of the device, and the first inputs are disconnecting windings are combined and are the input for disabling the backup control of the device, the fifth current sensor is installed on the power bus "-", the outputs of the sensors are They are connected to the controller information inputs, the first, second, third, fourth signal inputs of which through the second normally closed contacts of the first, second, third, and fourth remote switches of the switch block are connected to a common signal input, and the controller output is the information output of the device.