RU2485266C1 - Settlement structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: structure comprises a support system in the form of hollow pillars, the inner space of which is designed for arrangement of elements of transport infrastructure of vertical displacement and utility systems. Pillars with one part are built into earth surface or in a bearing layer of the water surface bottom and with the other part elevating above the level of the earth or water surface, at the same time they are arranged at the distance from each other with formation of a pillar grid in plan. Each two adjacent pillars are connected to each other with at least one horizontally extended module in the form of a volume block with a flat operated roof, which is hingedly connected with these pillars with resting against them according to the type of the beam of box cross section, representing at least one-level development. The head of pillars is made in the form of a helicopter site and is equipped with elements of a system for collection of precipitation.

EFFECT: higher density of development with preservation of natural landscape under this development.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of civil and industrial construction and relates, in particular, to a new settlement design with transport infrastructure integrated into the housing complex.

The use of piles not only as a foundation, but also as a supporting structure, on which you can erect a building located not at the ground level, but above it or above the surface of the water surface, allows you to use territories that have not been built before because of the impossibility of forming supporting structure of the adopted type (foundation). The construction of pile foundations occurs if the upper soil layers are weak, low-strength and highly compressible, that is, they are of little use for building shallow foundations on them without improving soil properties. Piles transfer loads from the structure to the lower, usually more compacted and durable layers of soil. Pile foundations are used if they are more economical and industrial under the given conditions, due to the fact that there is no need to dig a pit, it is enough to screw or push piles into the ground to the bearing layer (Article “Pile foundations”, 2011, laid out in the section “News , achievement, review ”on the site“ Marketing Union ”on the Internet online at: http://www.msouz.ru/newscard.aspx?id=1455).

This principle of creating a basic supporting structure in its technical continuation formed the basis for the creation of buildings raised above the water surface. This made it possible to preserve the water area under the building, and at the same time, in the conditions of the practical absence of areas with the bearing ability to erect the building in a place that had not previously been considered as a building site.

For example, in the article “City on Stilts in Marseille”, 2010, posted in the “Architecture, Interior” section of the NOVATE website on the Internet online at: http://www.novate.ru/blogs/100310/14271 / (the decision was made as a prototype), the project of the whole district in Marseille is described, which according to the project should be located where the old port is now. The district development in the area of the water area consists of several skyscrapers sticking out of the water, interconnected with each other and with the coast into a single whole. According to the project, it will be a real city in the city. There will be schools, shopping and entertainment centers, plenty of housing, hotels, an office - everything you need for life, work and leisure.

In essence, the construction of such a settlement is a support system in the form of vertically oriented pile-type elements of the type of racks, one part embedded in the earth's surface or in the bearing layer of the bottom of the water surface and the other part rising above the level of the earth or water surface, buildings mounted on pile-type elements with the formation of space between these surfaces and the lower level of buildings.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the racks are located at a close distance from each other, which eliminates the safety of the ecological level of the soil section under the building when erecting a support system such as a pile-rack foundation.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the density of buildings while maintaining the natural landscape under this building.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the construction of the settlement, containing the support system in the form of vertically oriented pile-type elements, one part embedded in the earth's surface or in the bearing layer of the bottom of the water surface and the other part rising above the level of the earth or water surface, buildings mounted on pile-type elements with the formation of a space between these surfaces and the lower level of buildings; pile-type elements are made in the form of hollow columns of a reinforced concrete structure, whose head space is designed to accommodate elements of the transport infrastructure of vertical movement and communication systems, the column head is made in the form of a helipad and is equipped with elements of an atmospheric precipitation collection system, the columns are located at a distance from each other with the formation in the plan of the grid of columns, every two adjacent to which are located interconnected by at least one horizontally elongated module in the form of a volume unit with a flat exploited roof, which is articulated with knitted with these columns with support on them as a box-section beam, which is at least a one-level building.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

Figure 1 shows the construction of the settlement, a top view;

figure 2 is the same as in figure 1, side view.

According to the present invention, a new design for creating urban-type settlements is considered (Figs. 1 and 2), based on the fact that it contains a support system in the form of vertically oriented pile-type elements, one part embedded in the earth's surface or in the bearing layer of the bottom of the water surface and the other part towering above the level of the earth or water surface. Buildings are mounted on pile-type elements with the formation of space between these surfaces and the lower level of buildings. Settlements: a complex of structures providing human life activity at the scale of a house, quarter, district, city.

The pile-type elements are made in the form of hollow columns 1 of a reinforced concrete structure, the inner space of which is designed to accommodate elements of the transport infrastructure of vertical movement and communication systems, the column head is made in the form of a helipad 2 and is equipped with elements of an atmospheric precipitation collection system. The columns are supporting communication shafts (OKS): a vertical cylindrical reinforced concrete structure combining the functions of a supporting support and a communication shaft (dimensions: diameter - 12-22 m, height - 50-300 m, the modern level of construction equipment allows you to build OKS with a height of more than 1000 m )

The columns are located at a distance from each other with the formation in the plan of the grid of columns. The project is based on the construction of the city as a frame / structure / structure (rack-and-beam system), based on the natural landscape with rare (10-200 m from each other, increasing the span range today is technically feasible, but not economically feasible) columns whose height can make from 25-1000 m.

The columns, which are OKS, have elevators, stairs, a quick (emergency) descent system and vertical engineering communications. The columns are located at a distance of 130 m from each other. Their layout (grid of columns) can be any: rectangular, triangular, cellular, combined.

Each two adjacent columns are interconnected by at least one horizontally elongated functional module 3 in the form of a three-dimensional block with a flat exploited roof, which is pivotally connected to these columns with a type of box-section beam representing at least one-level building. Horizontal functional modules (GFM): a horizontally elongated volume unit with a flat exploited roof, one-, two-four-level, working as a pivotally supported box-section beam (dimensions: length - 40-130 m, width - 12-22 m, height - 8-13 m).

Two adjacent columns can be interconnected by horizontally elongated modules spaced apart in height at a distance from each other, each of which is at least a single-level building. A horizontally elongated module can be a multi-level building. Or two columns are interconnected by several modules spaced apart in height.

This design will intensify the urban space and preserve the natural landscape due to:

- active use of the vertical characteristics of space (height, depth);

- combining the functions of the house, quarter, microdistrict in one spatial multifunctional structure (PMS);

- the priority of environmental characteristics (landscaping, insolation, aeration, minimization of the building area) in the construction of ICP.

The term “intensification” in this context refers to an increase in building density, the preservation of the natural landscape, an increase in house adjoining areas through the use of exploited roofs, the combination of the characteristics of low-rise (“townhouse”) and highly urbanized multi-story buildings in one urban planning system (PMS).

The construction of the settlement takes on a 3-dimensional structure due to the “separation” of all urban objects from the surface of the earth and the active use of heights (up to 300 m) to obtain a concentrated, but at the same time, ecological and humane habitat.

This architecture is most effective for territories:

- having a high cost;

- densely populated;

- at risk of natural disasters (floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides);

- requiring more active use, if it is impossible to free this territory from existing buildings:

- oversaturated communications;

- not suitable for traditional types of buildings (complex terrain, swamps, forests, shallow water bodies, etc.).

Intensification in this context:

- increase in building density;

- preservation of the natural landscape;

- an increase in local areas through the use of exploited roofs;

- combining in one urban planning system (PMS) the characteristics of low-rise (“town house”) and highly urbanized multi-story buildings to form a “bush” type settlement.

It is about creating 3-dimensional city structures with preserving the landscape under them. It is proposed to raise a structure that supports the functions of a house, a quarter, a microdistrict and a city on load-bearing supports (OKS). This structure in its spatial characteristics resembles a bush. Its height, width and length are commensurate. She has the opportunity to freely develop in all of these areas. Due to its vertical perforation, it well satisfies the requirements for urban aeration and insolation. As a construction, a bush is a common post-beam system.

With a rectangular (including square) grid of columns, the bush (along the length of the GFM) should be oriented in the directions NE-SW, NW-SE in the cardinal directions, based on insolation requirements.

In the bush, the role of the beam is performed by a functional module, articulated on racks, approx. 20 m. The length of the module is determined by the distance between the uprights. The module - beam, is a spatial structure. Its exploited roof serves as an artificial urban area, increasing the territory of the bush to 33%. There are pedestrian paths, green spaces, a strip of horizontal transport, possibly buildings. The main buildings of residential, social, office and technical purposes are located below - in the box-shaped space of the "beam".

In the middle of the module span there is an additional vertical communication with a diameter of about 4 m for emergency evacuation of people, as well as the discharge of stormwater and sewage.

The “beams” have air gaps of about 10 m in height. The bottom of the lower “beam” is located at an altitude of about 40 m from ground level. Such a perforation of the bush and ensures its light and breathability. The separation of the lower "beams" from the ground to a height of about 40 m allows you to preserve the natural landscape, placing a bush over forests, ponds or low-value low-rise buildings. This technique also protects the bush from natural disasters (tsunamis, mudflows, floods).

In this case, the built-up area in this case should be considered (in contrast to the accepted norms) only the area of the support of the secondary school.

The priority of modern urban development is the conservation and maximum efficient use of the natural landscape and the space above it. Therefore, all urban facilities that do not require natural aeration and insolation are designed in an underground multi-level space.

The vertical zoning scheme for general bush social and engineering systems may have the following form:

1 - lower level: technical and utility facilities;

2 - middle level: objects of public intercustal transport (including interchange nodes), parking lots, theaters, cinemas, museums, entertainment venues;

3 - the upper partially insulated level - urban recreation (winter gardens), sports and children's facilities, health care facilities.

Bushes, remote from each other by a distance of 2 km or more, are interconnected by high-speed underground (metro) and above-ground (monorail, string transport, motor roads on overpasses, helicopters, hang gliders) vehicles. Ground roads should be an exceptional phenomenon (for occasional use by emergency services) and, along with horse trails, be used only for ecological and cycling.

Transport links inside the "bush" are provided:

- monorail, at the level of the lower GFM;

- elevators in the secondary school;

- electric scooters, bicycles, rollers - along the tracks marked on the operated roofs of the GFM.

The construction of the settlement uses engineering support, mainly autonomous. The main wiring is in the vertical shafts of the secondary school. GFM engineering communications are traced at the lower technical level of the GFM and are fully accessible for operation.

The present invention allows to solve the following urban problems:

- organization of the most compact settlements, comparable in basic geometrical characteristics: length, width, height (depth);

- maximum conservation of the natural landscape, as one of the most important factors in human life;

- maximum use of the underground space;

- minimizing the length and simplifying the operation of intra-articular communications: pedestrian, transport, engineering;

- the use of height (depth) as the main reserve for the formation of settlements.

The present invention represents a transition from the modern extensive use of the space available for construction that absorbs the natural landscape to a new solution that intensively uses the 3-dimensionality of space and saves the natural landscape.

Claims (3)

1. The construction of the settlement, containing the support system in the form of vertically oriented pile-type elements, one part embedded in the earth's surface or in the bearing layer of the bottom of the water surface and the other part rising above the level of the earth or water surface, buildings mounted on the pile type elements with the formation of space between these surfaces and the lower level of buildings, characterized in that the pile-type elements are made in the form of hollow columns of a reinforced concrete structure, the inner space of which Designed to accommodate elements of the transport infrastructure of vertical movement and communication systems, the column head is made in the form of a helipad and is equipped with elements of an atmospheric precipitation collection system, the columns are located at a distance from each other with the formation in the plan of the grid of columns, every two adjacent ones of which are interconnected at least one horizontally elongated module in the form of a volume unit with a flat exploited roof, which is pivotally connected to these columns with a support by type of a beam of box section, representing at least one-level building. 2. The settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that two adjacent columns are interconnected, spaced apart in height at a distance from each other by horizontally elongated modules, each of which represents at least a single-level building. 3. The settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontally elongated module is a multi-level building.

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